爱普列特联合萘哌地尔治疗前列腺增生的临床分析

目的：研究爱普列特联合萘哌地尔治疗前列腺增生的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性统计分析应用爱普列特联合萘哌地尔治疗前列腺增生的患者90例,对患者的症状评分、前列腺体积和最大尿流率进行统计分析。结果经治疗后,前列腺体积缩小,最大尿流率增加,国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）下降。结论爱普列特联合萘哌地尔治疗前列腺增生,能减少前列腺体积,改善最大尿流率。     

水葱治疗良性前列腺增生的疗效

目的 探讨水葱治疗良性前列腺增生的效果.方法 良性前列腺增生患者236例,应用水葱茎泡饮,每次9 g,每天3次.观察治疗3、6个月时国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、剩余尿减少及最大尿流率(Qmax)等指标的改善情况.结果 治疗3、6个月时临床总有效率分别为86.9％、91.6％;与治疗前比较,患者IPSS下降、剩余尿减少、Qmax增加(P＜0.05);前列腺体积的减小无明显改变(P＞0.05).患者血常规、尿常规、肝肾功能服药前后无变化,未见其他不良反应.结论 水葱治疗前列腺增生症,能明显改善下尿路症状,减少残余尿量,增加尿流率.     

保列治与哈乐治疗前列腺增生的临床对比观察

目的观察保列治与哈乐治疗前列腺增生的临床对比疗效。方法对符合纳入病例标准的64例患者分为两组,对照组给予口服保列治治疗,治疗组在此基础上加用哈乐治疗,回顾性统计分析患者前列腺体积、症状评分、尿流率变化。结果与治疗前比较,前列腺体积治疗24周后存在显著差异（P〈0.05）;而IPSS评分、最大尿流率、残余尿量各项治疗3个月后与治疗前比较均存在极显著差异（P〈0.01）。结论保列治与哈乐治疗前列腺增生可以解除梗阻,缓解下尿路刺激症状,提高患者生存质量,有效预防相关并发症的发生,值得临床推广。     

经直肠彩色多普勒超声对前列腺良性增生患者下尿路梗阻程度的评价

目的探讨前列腺动脉血流阻力指数（RI）与前列腺增生伴下尿路梗阻患者的梗阻程度间是否存在相关性。方法对24例有下尿路梗阻症状的前列腺增生患者行经直肠彩色多普勒超声检查,检测前列腺被膜支动脉、尿道支动脉血流阻力指数（RI）及最大尿流率、国际前列腺症状评分（international prostate symptom score,IPSS）、前列腺体积、移行区体积和指数,对其相关性进行分析。结果前列腺被膜支动脉血流RI与前列腺体积及移行区体积和指数、IPSS均呈正相关（P〈0.05）,与最大尿流率呈负相关（P〈0.05）;而尿道支动脉血流RI与上述参数无明显相关性（P〉0.05）。结论前列腺被膜支动脉血流RI可反映前列腺增生患者下尿路梗阻严重程度。     

柏诺特治疗良性前列腺增生临床观察

目的　观察柏诺特胶囊治疗良性前列腺增生 (BPH)的临床有效性和安全性。方法　 40例BPH患者 ,口服柏诺特胶囊 16 0mg/次 ,2次 /d。治疗前及治疗 8周后进行国际前列腺症状评分 (IPSS)、前列腺体积、最大尿流率和残余尿等检测 ,观察有无副作用。结果　用药 8周后 ,患者IPSS、最大尿流率和残余尿明显改善 ,前列腺体积无明显改善 ,总有效率为 87 5 % ,无明显副作用。结论　柏诺特胶囊治疗良性前列腺增生安全、有效。     

高危前列腺增生经尿道前列腺电切手术疗效观察

目的 观察高危良性前列腺增生患者经尿道前列腺电切手术治疗效果.方法 分别观察63例高危良性前列腺增生患者与同期72例前列腺增生患者手术前后的症状评分、最大尿流率及残余尿量.结果 63例患者手术后均恢复自主排尿,IPSS评分、最大尿流率及残余尿量与术前比较,均有意义;IPSS、最大尿流率与同期TURP术72例患者手术疗效对比无显著意义,而残余尿量绝对数值对比有显著差异.结论 高危患者能在纠正基础疾病后,积极行TURP术治疗,效果满意.     

非那雄胺与特拉唑嗪联用对前列腺增生患者临床症状改善的影响与安全性评价

目的:评价非那雄胺与特拉唑嗪联用对前列腺增生患者临床症状改善的影响和安全性。方法:选取2013年2月—2015年8月间诊治的前列腺增生患者120例,将其随机分为对照组与观察组,每组60例;对照组患者均给予非那雄胺治疗,观察组患者在对照组治疗基础上加用特拉唑嗪治疗,比较两组患者治疗前后的最大尿流率、剩余尿量、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)值、前列腺体积大小和不良反应的发生率。结果:两组患者治疗后的最大尿流率、剩余尿量、IPSS评分值、前列腺体积大小明显优于治疗前(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗后的最大尿流率、剩余尿量、IPSS评分值、前列腺体积大小明显优于对照组(P<0.05),不良反应的发生率为6.67%明显低于对照组为20.00%(P<0.05)。结论:采用非那雄胺与特拉唑嗪联用治疗前列腺增生患者的疗效优于单用非那雄胺,联用治疗明显改善患者的临床症状,且不良反应率较低。     

柏诺特治疗良性前列腺增生临床观察

目的 观察柏诺特胶囊治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)的临床有效性和安全性。方法 40例BPH患者，口服柏诺特胶囊160mg／次，2次／d。治疗前及治疗8周后进行国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、前列腺体积、最大尿流率和残余尿等检测，观察有无副作用。结果用药8周后，患者IPSS、最大尿流率和残余尿明显改善，前列腺体积无明显改善，总有效率为87．5％，无明显副作用。结论 柏诺特胶囊治疗良性前列腺增生安全、有效。     

翁沥通胶囊治疗良性前列腺增生症疗效评估

目的评估翁沥通胶囊治疗前列腺增生的疗效。方法选择我院泌尿科门诊2017年10月～2018年9月符合BPH诊断标准的伴随下尿路症状的患者60例,单纯口服翁沥通胶囊3粒,2次/d,连续治疗12周后评估治疗前后最大尿流率(Qmax)、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量指数评分(QOL)及残余尿量(RU)的变化。结果 60例患者治疗12周后,患者最大尿流率升高, IPSS国际前列腺的症状评分明显降低,残余尿量减少,生活质量指数评分下降,均(P 0.05)。结论翁沥通胶囊可以显著改善前列腺增生的临床症状,提高生活质量。     

非那雄胺片联合中药脐疗治疗良性前列腺增生的临床研究

目的评价非那雄胺片联合中药脐疗治疗良性前列腺增生的疗效。方法 60例良性前列腺增生患者随机分为治疗组与对照组,治疗组非那雄胺片联合中药脐疗,对照组口服非那雄胺片治疗,观察治疗组与对照组治疗前后前列腺症状IPSS评分、前列腺体积、最大尿流率、膀胱残余尿变化情况。结果治疗组治疗后IPSS评分明显下降,残余尿量及最大尿流率明显改善,均优于对照组,且治疗过程中无不良反应发生。结论保列治联合中药脐疗治疗良性前列腺增生疗安全有效。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.