下睑成形改良术治疗不同类型睑袋的疗效

目的：探讨改进后的下睑成形术治疗不同类型睑袋的疗效。
　　方法：选取2010-05/2015-05间我院实施下睑成形术的患者67例67眼,按照睑袋情况进行分型,并采取不同改进术式：A组：单纯脂肪膨出型12眼采用经结膜切口入路法;B组：皮肤或(和)轮匝肌松弛型19眼,采用经皮肤入路法,需在手术过程中切除下睑皮肤、眼轮匝肌;C组：皮肤肌层松弛合并眶脂膨出型13眼,采用经皮肤入路法,术中切除眶隔脂肪、皮肤及眼轮匝肌;D组：混合型23眼,采用经皮肤入路法,需在手术中切除眶隔脂肪、皮肤及眼轮匝肌。
　　结果：术后5 d拆线,术后随访3~6 lo。四组患者手术效果优良率分别为100%、95%、100%及96%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。患者下睑外观平坦,眶脂膨出消退,有1眼出现轻度睑外翻,2眼眶下缘凹陷以及4眼切口对合欠佳,术后2 lo均自行恢复。未出现斜视复视、下睑退缩等严重并发症。四组患者术后并发症发生率分别为8%、11%、8%及13%,差异无统计学意义( P>0.05)。
　　结论：改进后的下睑成形术治疗不同类型睑袋术后效果满意。     

改良皮肤及眼轮匝肌切除术治疗先天性下睑内翻

目的 探讨改良下睑皮肤及眼轮匝肌切除术治疗先天性下睑内翻的效果.方法 对27例(46眼)先天性下睑内翻行改良下睑皮肤及眼轮匝肌切除术,根据睑内翻程度决定切除量,皮肤及眼轮匝肌的最大切除量在内眦部.术中切除的眼轮匝肌包括睑板前及部分眶隔前轮匝肌,16眼复发性下睑内翻加局部灰线切开.所有患眼均采用7-0美容线内翻处皮肤潜行挂睑板约1.5mm间断缝合,外侧皮肤间断缝合.结果 随访6个月～2年.44眼治愈,2眼好转.所有患者术后1周肿胀消退,下睑皮肤切口处平整.结论 改良皮肤眼轮匝肌切除术治疗先天性下睑内翻,疗效较好.     

下睑内翻和上睑肥厚性单睑及内眦赘皮一期手术观察

目的 探讨下睑内翻和上睑肥厚性单睑及内眦赘皮一期进行的手术方法和美容效果.方法 先进行睑裂横径和内眦间距的测量,根据测量值设计新内眦点,采用睫毛周边切口矫治内眦赘皮.平行上下睑缘剪开内眦赘皮达新内眦点,分离上下皮瓣与眼轮匝肌,将原内眦点的皮肤与新内眦点皮肤缝合.下睑睫毛下1.5 mm横贯切口与内眦皮瓣相连,分离皮肤达眶下缘,白睑缘下2 mm分出宽4 mm肌肉瓣,在近外眦处将其缩短3～4 mm,7-0尼龙线间断缝合皮肤.上睑沿重睑设计线切开,下唇分离至睫毛根部,剪除其下多余组织,上唇去除一窄条皮肤直达内眦皮瓣并将其多余处剪除,打开眶隔剪除脱出脂肪组织,中间挂提上睑肌腱膜后间断缝合皮肤.结果 本组16例32只眼,上、下睑内翻均得到矫正,重睑自然,睑裂明显变长开大,内眦赘皮消失.结论 采用此种联合手术方法做出的眼睛,不但治疗了疾病,而且达到了美容的目的,值的推广应用.     

Schimek法联合睑轮匝肌下移术矫正老年性下睑内翻

目的观察Schimek法联合睑轮匝肌下移术矫正老年性痉挛性下睑内翻的临床效果。方法 38例(38只眼)老年性痉挛性下睑内翻患者,施行Schimek手术治疗,同时将睑板前轮匝肌束下移固定缝合在下睑板下缘及眶隔膜上,以矫正下睑内翻,所有患者随访6个月以上观察临床疗效。结果 35只眼下睑内翻矫正效果满意;2只眼效果良好;1只眼复发,经再次手术获得满意效果。结论 Schimek法联合睑轮匝肌下移术矫正老年性下睑内翻手术创伤小,恢复快,效果良好。     

灰线切开联合睫毛翻转缝合治疗儿童下睑赘皮性内翻倒睫的疗效观察

目的 探讨灰线切开联合睫毛翻转缝合治疗儿童下睑赘皮性内翻倒睫的临床疗效.方法 对伴有下睑内侧睫毛紧邻睑缘灰线和(或)具有"倒钩状"睫毛的60例(120眼)下睑赘皮性内翻倒睫患儿进行联合灰线切开手术矫正.去除下睑多余的皮肤和眼轮匝肌,将切口上唇的皮下组织和睑板前筋膜间断缝合固定(睫毛翻转缝合或睫毛外翻褥式缝合),用连续锁...     

下睑赘皮性倒睫的手术处理

目的 介绍一种简单有效的下睑赘皮性倒睫手术方式.方法 于2010年1月至2012年12月期间,对8例先天性下睑赘皮性倒睫患者实施手术矫正,采用“夹持皮肤定量法”切除赘余皮肤及部分轮匝肌,术后1周、1个月、6个月门诊随访观察.结果 术后所有患者无眼表刺激症状,睫毛方向正常,眼睑无内外翻及退缩等异常,所有患者在6个月随访期间未见复发,1例患者随访2年以上未见复发.结论 “夹持皮肤定量法”简单易行,可有效矫正下睑赘皮性倒睫,并能准确预计皮肤切除量,避免过矫及欠矫.     

儿童下睑赘皮性倒睫的手术矫正

目的介绍一种简单有效治疗儿童下睑赘皮性倒睫的手术方法。方法应用皮肤轮匝肌切除联合睫毛外翻缝线术治疗儿童下睑赘皮性倒睫46例92只眼,年龄3~12岁,平均5.4岁。术后随访观察6~24个月。结果治愈82只眼,治愈率89.1%;好转10只眼,好转率10.9%。随访期间无加重。5只眼复发,再次手术后均治愈。总有效率100%。结论皮肤轮匝肌切除联合睫毛外翻缝线术治疗儿童下睑赘皮性倒睫疗效确切,复发率低,无严重并发症。     

Medpor下睑插片植入治疗下睑退缩

目的评价Medpor下睑插片作为下睑植入物治疗先天性及后天性下睑退缩的效果。设计回顾性病例系列研究。研究对象33例患者36眼，其中先天性下睑退缩4例6眼，后天性者29例30眼。方法术前测量在第一眼位下睑相对角膜下缘的位置及距下眶缘的位置。手术采用下睑袋皮肤切口，打开眶隔，视患者下睑退缩程度修剪Medpor下睑插片的形状及大小，将植入物置于下睑板下缘及眶下缘骨缘之间。术后观察植入物是否移位或脱出。术后2周及3个月时测量下睑位置，观察其变化情况。主要指标第一眼位下睑位置。结果对33例36眼行Medpor下睑插片植入者随访6～24个月，无植入物脱出及移位。34眼在第一眼位下睑位于角膜缘或角膜下缘上0．5mm，2眼仍残存≥1mm的下睑退缩。结论Medpor下睑插片作为植入物可提供下睑长期的支撑，可达到良好的功能及美容效果。Medpor下睑插片可作为治疗下睑退缩的较理想植入物。     

改良式下睑内翻矫正术的临床疗效观察

目的 探讨下睑内翻倒睫,切除下睑皮肤、轮匝肌,皮内带睑板缝合矫正内翻倒睫,同时可以美容的手术方法及疗效.方法 对47例(75眼)下睑内翻倒睫的病例采用皮肤、部分轮匝肌切除,皮内带睑板缝合法矫正.结果 对47例(75眼)下睑内翻倒睫的病例采用皮肤、部分轮匝肌切除,皮内带睑板缝合法,倒睫全部矫正无双重睑出现.结论 对下睑内翻倒睫的患者行皮肤、部分轮匝肌切除,皮内带睑板缝合法下睑内翻倒睫可得到良好矫正,方法简单、可靠且同时起到良好的美容效果.     

治疗老年性下睑内翻的两种术式

老年性下睑内翻是老年人较常见眼病.睑内翻的手术方式巳不下百余种之多[1].为比较不同术式治疗老年性下睑内翻的效果,现将我院对老年性下睑内翻分别行皮肤轮匝肌切除术及眼轮匝肌折叠术疗效作一回顾性分析. 1资料和方法 1.1一般资料 2004年1月至2008年1月,我院对有角膜刺激症状的老年性下睑内翻62例(102眼)行手术治疗.其中男26例(42眼),女36例(60眼).年龄58～80岁.行皮肤轮匝肌切除术30例(52眼),行眼轮匝肌折叠术32例(50眼),2006年以前以皮肤轮匝肌切除术为主,2006年以后以眼轮匝肌折叠术为主. 1.2手术方法 1.2.1皮肤轮匝肌切除术:坐位用结晶紫标记需切除下睑的皮肤量,常规消毒术野,铺巾.2％利多卡因行下穹隆部结膜下及下睑皮下浸润麻醉.距下睑缘2～3mm自下泪点略外侧开始平行于睑缘全长切开皮肤,沿标记线切除多余皮肤及1条睑板前轮匝肌,间断缝合皮肤,缝线穿过近睑板下缘睑板前组织.     

Lid margin split in the surgical correction of epiblepharon

Purpose: To describe the technique of splitting the lid margin combined with the excision of redundant skin and muscle during the surgical correction of epiblepharon and to report its clinical outcome. Methods: A combined procedure that included splitting the lid margin to repair lower eyelid epiblepharon was performed on 31 eyes of 19 consecutive patients. Lid margin splitting was performed along the grey line on the medial third or half of the lower eyelid by making a 1 mm‐deep incision. Having made a transverse subciliary skin incision and a dissection between the tarsus and the orbicularis oculi muscle, the subcutaneous tissue of the superior edge of the incision was secured to the tarsus with interrupted sutures to evert the cilia. An excision of the redundant skin and orbicularis tissue was made and the skin was closed. The patients were followed for direct inspection of the wound, the split lid margin, the direction of the lashes and the status of the cornea. Results: The mean postoperative follow‐up period was 29.4 weeks. Symptoms disappeared in all patients. In 30 eyelids of 19 patients the cilia did not touch the cornea, even in the down‐gaze. In one eyelid the cilium touched the medial conjunctiva, but not the cornea. The cosmetic outcome of the lower lid was satisfactory in all cases and the wounds of the split lid margin healed without scarring. To date, there have been no complications such as wound dehiscence, ectropion or eyelid retraction. Conclusions: The lamellar splitting of the lid margin is a beneficial addition to the repair of prominent lower lid epiblepharon, especially on the medial aspect of the eyelid. This simple technique ensures easier eversion of the cilia in epiblepharon repair, without disturbing the posterior lamella or causing unfavourable results.     

Microscopic anatomy of Asian lower eyelids

PURPOSE: To elucidate the microscopic anatomy of the Asian lower eyelid. METHODS: Specimens (full-thickness sections of lower eyelids from 19 postmortem lower eyelids) from 11 Asians aged 73 to 96 years at death were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and microscopically examined. After pretreatment, sagittal sliced sections of the central part were stained with Masson trichrome. RESULTS: The distinct junction of the orbital septum to the capsulopalpebral fascia (CPF) was confirmed in 7 eyelids in which orbital septum was clearly stained, with an average distance from the tarsus to the junction of 2.38 mm. The other 12 eyelids did not show a distinct junction, and the orbital septum was poorly defined anteriorly and indistinct posteriorly. There was a distinct layer between the orbicularis oculi muscle and the orbital septum. The inferior and the posterior attachments of the CPF to the tarsus were seen in all eyelids. Seventeen of the 19 eyelids had attachment of the CPF on the anterior aspect of the tarsus, from which an extension of the CPF through the pretarsal orbicularis oculi muscle was observed. All eyelids had anterior extension of the CPF through the preseptal orbicularis oculi muscle, which was overridden on the pretarsal orbicularis oculi muscle. CONCLUSIONS: The microscopic findings of Asian lower eyelids, especially fascial components, were mostly similar to those of non-Asian eyelids, but differences existed in higher or indistinct septum fusion, anterior and superior orbital fat projection, and the overriding of the preseptal orbicularis oculi muscle.     

改良额肌瓣悬吊术治疗先天性上睑下垂

目的提高儿童中重度先天性上睑下垂的治疗效果。方法对42例（53眼）中重度先天性上睑下垂的儿童施行改良额肌瓣悬吊术：沿重睑线切开皮肤,剪除部分眼轮匝肌,显露睑板,分别作额肌与皮下、额肌与骨膜间的分离,于眉下提起并横形切断额肌,于其内侧向上切开肌瓣达眉上1-1.5cm,外侧向上剪开0.5cm,形成不等边的额肌瓣,三针褥式缝线固定于睑板上缘。结果42例53眼,切口均一期愈合,随访6月～5年,上睑下垂矫正满意,睑缘外形匀称,上睑闭合良好,无复发和并发症。结论改良式额肌瓣悬吊术治疗儿童先天性中重度上睑下垂疗效确切,远期效果较好。     

Surgical correction for lower lid epiblepharon in Asians

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Epiblepharon is a congenital lid anomaly in which a fold of skin and underlying orbicularis muscle push the lashes against the eyeball. It is important to get a good lash eversion effect without forming a prominent lid crease in Asian patients. The surgical effect of this rotating suture technique was evaluated. METHODS: Surgical correction for epiblepharon was performed on 197 patients and the results analysed in 169 patients who had been followed for 1 month or more. After subciliary incision, several buried 8-0 nylon sutures were placed to allow adhesion between the tarsal plate and the subcutaneous tissue of the upper skin flap with minimal resection of pretarsal orbicularis and redundant skin. RESULTS: 156 patients (92.3%) showed satisfactory results during 7.1 months of average follow up. Reoperation was performed only on two patients out of 13 because of mildness of symptoms and signs. Complications were minimal including suture abscesses in four patients and wound dehiscence in one. CONCLUSION: The rotating suture technique was very effective in repairing epiblepharon without forming a prominent lower eyelid crease.     

No histological evidence of orbicularis oculi muscle hypertrophy in congenital epiblepharon

Background: To analyse the microscopic anatomy of the orbicularis oculi muscle in patients with congenital epiblepharon and to determine whether hypertrophy of the orbicularis oculi muscle, which is considered as a possible cause of this eyelid malposition, exists. Methods: Sixty‐seven eyelids with congenital epiblepharon of 41 Japanese patients, as well as 30 control eyelids of 24 Japanese patients with other eyelid pathologies (upper eyelid: fourteen blepharoptosis, one trichiasis and two retractions; lower eyelid: five involutional entropions, one trichiasis and seven retractions) were analysed. These controls contained no orbicularis pathology such as cicatrization or orbitopathy. The muscle specimens were obtained from the central part of the pretarsal orbicularis oculi muscle during surgery. The specimens were stained with haematoxylin & eosin. Only specimens with cross‐sectional areas that included large muscle fibres were selected. In each section, 10 muscle fibres were measured across their smallest diameter, thereby avoiding inaccurate measurements of muscle kinking occurring during the processing or by any obliquity of the plane of section. Measurements of the muscle fibre diameter were made with a digital measure. Results: There were no significant differences in the average diameter of the muscle fibres between the patients with congenital epiblepharon and the control group. Conclusions: There was no evidence of orbicularis oculi muscle hypertrophy in congenital epiblepharon.     

Chondroplast: A new material for eyelid reconstruction

After tumor excision both lamellae of the eyelid require reconstruction in order to achieve good functional and cosmetic results. The tarsus is replaced either by autologous or heterologous material. We used Chondroplast as a tarsal replacement in 25 patients who had undergone extensive tumor excision. Chondroplast is a beta-irradiated bovine cartilage. A 1-mm-thick lamella is fixed to the rest of the tarsal plate or the canthal tendon and positioned in a preformed pocket or the conjunctiva and a thin layer of orbicularis muscle and skin. All implants took well. Postoperative results, lid closure and cosmetic appearance were excellent. No complications such as infection or loss of the implant occurred. The advantages of Chondroplast are: its availability in large pieces, no need for harvesting procedures and good biocompatibility.     

Orbicularis oculi muscle extirpation in a combined procedure for involutional entropion

Many factors are important in the pathophysiology of involutional entropion, including defects of the lower eyelid retractors, canthal tendon laxity, and acquired enophthalmos. The role of the overriding preseptal orbicularis oculi muscle is often ignored in modern techniques of entropion repair. The author describes a technique of extirpation of the preseptal orbicularis oculi muscle combined with repair of the lower eyelid retractors and a lateral tarsal strip procedure for the repair of primary and recurrent involutional entropion. Lateral canthal tendon laxity is recognized in most patients in this age group and must be corrected to avoid postoperative overcorrection and ectropion. Removal of the preseptal muscle had no clinical effect on the lacrimal pump and did not cause any significant cicatricial eyelid abnormalities. This combined procedure has been used in 50 eyelids of 40 patients with excellent functional and cosmetic results. Orbicularis extirpation is not advocated in combination with a marginal rotation procedure.     

Epiblepharon of the lower eyelid: technique of surgical repair and quantification of excision according to the skin fold height

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To describe our excisional technique for lower eyelid epiblepharon to reduce a medial undercorrection and to provide a guide for the excision amount using a classification system of epiblepharon according to the skin fold height. PATIENTS AND METHODS: After classification, an elliptical excision of skin and orbicularis muscle, including that below the lower canaliculus after tarsal suturing of the upper edge of the incised skin, was consecutively performed for 111 eyelids of 58 patients. The widest width of the excisional ellipse was measured. RESULTS: The results were successful in 108 eyelids. The mean widest width of the excisional ellipse was 1.1, 1.7, 2.5, and 3.0 mm in Class I, II, III, and IV epiblepharons, respectively. CONCLUSION: This surgical technique is effective for the correction of epiblepharon, and it is easy to determine the amount of excision. Using this technique, a 1 mm to 3 mm width of excision is sufficient.     

Correction of Involutional Entropion by Excising Redundant Skin and Pretarsal Orbicularis Muscle without Vertical and Horizontal Tarsal Fixation

PurposeThis study evaluated the effect of the excision of redundant skin and pretarsal orbicularis muscle, without vertical or horizontal tarsal fixation, on the correction of involutional entropion.MethodsThis retrospective interventional case series recruited patients with involutional entropion who underwent excision of redundant skin and pretarsal orbicularis muscle, without vertical or horizontal tarsal fixation, from May 2018 to December 2021. Preoperative clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes, including recurrence at 1, 3, and 6 months, were determined by reviewing the medical charts. Surgical treatment included the excision of redundant skin and pretarsal orbicularis muscle, without any tarsal fixation, and simple skin suture.ResultsAll 52 patients (58 eyelids) attended every follow-up visit and were thus included in the analysis. Among 58 eyelids, 55 (94.8%) had satisfactory results. The recurrence rate was 3.45% (two eyelids) and the overcorrection rate was 1.7% (one eyelid).ConclusionsExcision of only redundant skin and the pretarsal orbicularis muscle, without capsulopalpebral fascia reattachment or horizontal lid laxity correction, is a simple surgery for correcting involutional entropion.     

A method to correct the contracted socket.

In four patients, rotation of the inferior tarsus around the tarsal-tendon horizontal axis caused a contracted socket with loss of lower fornix and the inability to retain an artificial eye. Exposure of the lower border of the inferior tarsus through a skin incision, separating the tarsus from the overlying orbicularis oculi muscle, and suturing its lower margin to the skin corrected the abnormality.