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1.
Lopez-Espinosa MJ Mondal D Armstrong B Bloom MS Fletcher T 《Environmental health perspectives》2012,120(7):1036-1041
Background: Animal studies suggest that some perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), including perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) may impair thyroid function. Epidemiological findings, mostly related to adults, are inconsistent.Objectives: We investigated whether concentrations of PFAAs were associated with thyroid function among 10,725 children (1–17 years of age) living near a Teflon manufacturing facility in the Mid-Ohio Valley (USA).Methods: Serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total thyroxine (TT4), and PFAAs were measured during 2005–2006, and information on diagnosed thyroid disease was collected by questionnaire. Modeled in utero PFOA concentrations were based on historical information on PFOA releases, environmental distribution, pharmacokinetic modeling, and residential histories. We performed multivariate regression analyses.Results: Median concentrations of modeled in utero PFOA and measured serum PFOA, PFOS, and PFNA were 12, 29, 20, and 1.5 ng/mL, respectively. The odds ratio for hypothyroidism (n = 39) was 1.54 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00, 2.37] for an interquartile range (IQR) contrast of 13 to 68 ng/mL in serum PFOA measured in 2005–2006. However, an IQR shift in serum PFOA was not associated with TSH or TT4 levels in all children combined. IQR shifts in serum PFOS (15 to 28 ng/mL) and serum PFNA (1.2 to 2.0 ng/mL) were both associated with a 1.1% increase in TT4 in children 1–17 years old (95% CIs: 0.6, 1.5 and 0.7, 1.5 respectively).Conclusions: This is the first large-scale report in children suggesting associations of serum PFOS and PFNA with thyroid hormone levels and of serum PFOA and hypothyroidism. 相似文献
2.
Perflouroalkyl contaminants in liver tissue from East Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Smithwick M Muir DC Mabury SA Solomon KR Martin JW Sonne C Born EW Letcher RJ Dietz R 《Environmental toxicology and chemistry / SETAC》2005,24(4):981-986
Perfluoroalkyl substances were determined in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) collected in East Greenland (69 degrees 00'N to 74 degrees 00"N) to compare with other populations and to examine effects of age and gender on concentrations of these contaminants. Hepatic tissue (n = 29) was analyzed for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonate, heptadecafluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA), and perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) with C9-C15 perfluorinated carbon chains by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Concentrations of PFOS found in samples from East Greenland (mean = 2,470+/-1,320 ng/g wet weight) were similar to Hudson Bay, Canada, and both populations had significantly greater concentrations than those reported for Alaska, suggesting a spatial trend. Male bears showed a significant increase in concentration up to age six for PFCAs with C10-C14 carbon chains (r2 > or = 0.50, p < or = 0.05). Significant correlations were found between adjacent chain length PFCAs, (e.g., PFNA to PFDA: p < 0.05; r2 = 0.90). This may indicate a common source for these chemicals, although the specifics of source and mode of transport are unknown. No significant correlations were found between concentrations of PFCAs in liver tissue and previously reported polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners analyzed in fat samples from the same bears. 相似文献
3.
Tye E. Arbuckle Cariton Kubwabo Mark Walker Karelyn Davis Kaela Lalonde Ivana Kosarac Shi Wu Wen Douglas L. Arnold 《International journal of hygiene and environmental health》2013,216(2):184-194
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent organic pollutants representing two classes of environmental contaminants of toxicological concern, especially for infants. Canadian biomonitoring data on these chemicals are limited. The objectives of this study were to measure PFAAs and PBDEs in umbilical cord blood from approximately 100 hospital deliveries in Ottawa (Ontario, Canada) and examine associations with characteristics of the mother and infant. Geometric means were 1.469 ng/mL for perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) (95% confidence interval of 1.292–1.671 ng/mL), 4.443 ng/mL for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) (95% CI of 3.735–5.285 ng/mL), 0.359 ng/mL for perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) (95% CI of 0.318–0.404 ng/mL), and 0.579 ng/mL for perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS) (95% CI of 0.473–0.709 ng/mL). The final multiple regression models indicated that lower gravida, term gestational age, smoking during pregnancy and vaginal delivery were significantly associated with higher levels of PFOS. Similarly, a vaginal delivery was significantly associated with higher PFOA, while weak associations were found with lower gravida and birth weight less than 2500 g. Furthermore, higher PFNA concentrations were significantly associated with older mothers, and vaginal delivery, while weakly associated with term gestational age. Elevated PFHxS concentrations were significantly associated with smoking during pregnancy and lower gravida. Similar to reports from other countries, the preponderant PBDE congener measured in the cord blood was PBDE-47. Questions remain on why various studies have reported conflicting results on the association between PFAAs and birth weight. 相似文献
4.
A.L. Heffernan T.K. Cunningham D.S. Drage L.L. Aylward K. Thompson S. Vijayasarathy J.F. Mueller S.L. Atkin T. Sathyapalan 《International journal of hygiene and environmental health》2018,221(7):1068-1075
Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) undergoing treatment for infertility could be a sensitive subpopulation for endocrine effects of exposure to perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs), persistent organic pollutants with potential endocrine activity. Women with, PCOS (n?=?30) and age- and BMI-matched controls (n?=?29) were recruited from a UK fertility clinic in 2015. Paired serum and follicular fluid samples were collected and analysed for 13 PFAAs. Sex steroid and thyroid hormones, and metabolic markers were measured and assessed for associations with serum PFAAs. Four PFAAs were detected in all serum and follicular fluid samples and concentrations in the two matrices were highly correlated (R2?>?0.95): perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA). Serum PFOS was positively associated with age (1?ng/mL per yr, p?<?0.05) and was higher in PCOS cases than controls (geometric mean [GM] 3.9 vs. 3.1?ng/mL, p?<?0.05) and in women with irregular vs. regular menstrual cycles (GM 3.9 vs. 3.0?ng/mL, p?=?0.01). After adjustment for confounders, serum testosterone was significantly associated with PFOA, PFHxS, PFNA, and the molar sum of the four frequently detected serum PFAAs (approximately 50 percent increase per ln-unit) among controls but not PCOS cases. HbA1c in PCOS cases was inversely associated with serum PFOA, PFHxs, and sum of PFAAs (2–3?mmol/mol per ln-unit). In controls, fasting glucose was positively associated with serum PFOA and sum of PFAAs (0.25?nmol/L per ln-unit increase in PFAAs). Few other associations were observed. The analyses and findings here should be considered exploratory in light of the relatively small sample sizes and large number of statistical comparisons conducted. However, the data do not suggest increased sensitivity to potential endocrine effects of PFAAs in PCOS patients. 相似文献
5.
Ingrid?Ericson José?L.?Domingo Martí?Nadal Esther?Bigas Xavier?Llebaria Bert?van?Bavel Gunilla?Lindstr?m 《Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology》2009,57(4):631-638
In this study, the concentrations of 13 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) (PFBuS, PFHxS, PFOS, THPFOS, PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA,
PFDA, PFUnDA, PFDoDA, PFTDA, and PFOSA) were analyzed in municipal drinking water samples collected at 40 different locations
from 5 different zones of Catalonia, Spain. Detection limits ranged between 0.02 (PFHxS) and 0.85 ng/L (PFOA). The most frequent
compounds were PFOS and PFHxS, which were detected in 35 and 31 samples, with maximum concentrations of 58.1 and 5.30 ng/L,
respectively. PFBuS, PFHxA, and PFOA were also frequently detected (29, 27, and 26 samples, respectively), with maximum levels
of 69.4, 8.55, and 57.4 ng/L. In contrast, PFDoDA and PFTDA could not be detected in any sample. The most contaminated water
samples were found in the Barcelona Province, whereas none of the analyzed PFCs could be detected in two samples (Banyoles
and Lleida), and only one PFC could be detected in four of the samples. Assuming a human water consumption of 2 L/day, the
maximum daily intake of PFOS and PFOA from municipal drinking water would be, for a subject of 70 kg of body weight, 1.7 and
1.6 ng/kg/day. This is clearly lower than the respective Tolerable Daily Intake set by the European Food Safety Authority.
In all samples, PFOS and PFOA also showed lower levels than the short-term provisional health advisory limit for drinking
water (200 ng PFOS/L and 400 ng PFOA/L) set by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Although PFOS and PFOA concentrations
found in drinking water in Catalonia are not expected to pose human health risks, safety limits for exposure to the remaining
PFCs are clearly necessary, as health-based drinking water concentration protective for lifetime exposure is set to 40 ng/L
for PFOA. 相似文献
6.
Sachi Taniyasu Kurunthachalam Senthilkumar Eriko Yamazaki Leo W. Y. Yeung Keerthi S. Guruge Kurunthachalam Kannan Nobuyoshi Yamashita 《Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology》2013,65(1):149-170
Numerous studies have reported on the global distribution, persistence, fate, and toxicity of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). However, studies on PFASs in terrestrial mammals are scarce. Rats can be good sentinels of human exposure to toxicants because of their habitat, which is in close proximity to humans. Furthermore, exposure data measured for rats can be directly applied for risk assessment because many toxicological studies use rodent models. In this study, a nationwide survey of PFASs in the blood of wild rats as well as surface water samples collected from rats’ habitats from 47 prefectures in Japan was conducted. In addition to known PFASs, combustion ion chromatography technique was used for analysis of total fluorine concentrations in the blood of rats. In total, 216 blood samples representing three species of wild rats (house rat, Norway rats, and field mice) were analyzed for 23 PFASs. Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS; concentration range <0.05-148 ng/mL), perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA; <0.1–157), perfluorododecanoate (<0.05–5.8), perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnDA; <0.05–51), perfluorodecanoate (PFDA; <0.05–9.7), perfluorononanoate (PFNA; <0.05–249), and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) (<0.05–60) were detected >80 % of the blood samples. Concentrations of several PFASs in rat blood were similar to those reported for humans. PFSAs (mainly PFOS) accounted for 45 % of total PFASs, whereas perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs), especially PFUnDA and PFNA, accounted for 20 and 10 % of total PFASs, respectively. In water samples, PFCAs were the predominant compounds with PFOA and PFNA found in >90 % of the samples. There were strong correlations (p < 0.001 to p < 0.05) between human population density and levels of PFOS, PFNA, PFOA, and PFOSA in wild rat blood. 相似文献
7.
Inoue K Okada F Ito R Kato S Sasaki S Nakajima S Uno A Saijo Y Sata F Yoshimura Y Kishi R Nakazawa H 《Environmental health perspectives》2004,112(11):1204-1207
Fluorinated organic compounds (FOCs), such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluoro-octanoate (PFOA), and perfluorooctane sulfonylamide (PFOSA), are widely used in the manufacture of plastic, electronics, textile, and construction material in the apparel, leather, and upholstery industries. FOCs have been detected in human blood samples. Studies have indicated that FOCs may be detrimental to rodent development possibly by affecting thyroid hormone levels. In the present study, we determined the concentrations of FOCs in maternal and cord blood samples. Pregnant women 17-37 years of age were enrolled as subjects. FOCs in 15 pairs of maternal and cord blood samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry coupled with online extraction. The limits of quantification of PFOS, PFOA, and PFOSA in human plasma or serum were 0.5, 0.5, and 1.0 ng/mL, respectively. The method enables the precise determination of FOCs and can be applied to the detection of FOCs in human blood samples for monitoring human exposure. PFOS concentrations in maternal samples ranged from 4.9 to 17.6 ng/mL, whereas those in fetal samples ranged from 1.6 to 5.3 ng/mL. In contrast, PFOSA was not detected in fetal or maternal samples, whereas PFOA was detected only in maternal samples (range, < 0.5 to 2.3 ng/mL, 4 of 15). Our results revealed a high correlation between PFOS concentrations in maternal and cord blood (r2 = 0.876). However, we did not find any significant correlations between PFOS concentration in maternal and cord blood samples and age bracket, birth weight, or levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone or free thyroxine. Our study revealed that human fetuses in Japan may be exposed to relatively high levels of FOCs. Further investigation is required to determine the postnatal effects of fetal exposure to FOCs. Key words: cord blood, fluorinated organic compounds, human, PFOA, PFOS, PFOSA, pregnancy. 相似文献
8.
Falandysz J Taniyasu S Yamashita N Jecek L Rostkowski P Gulkowska A Mostrag A Walczykiewicz B Zegarowski L Falandysz J Zalewski K 《Roczniki Państwowego Zak?adu Higieny》2006,57(2):113-124
Some data on production, toxicity, properties, uses, analytics as well as an environmental occurrence of PFCs in Poland are reviewed. In total 16 fluorochemicals were detected in surface water (Radunia River and Gulf of Gdańsk), beaver's liver (Warmia and Mazury region), cod and eider duck blood (Gulf of Gdańsk), young cattle blood (County of Stezyca) and human blood (Gdańsk Coast; donors which declared elevated Baltic fish intake) in Poland. In blood of the Gdańsk Coast inhabitants PFHxS, PFOS, PFOSA, PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA and PFDo-DA were found. In surface water for the first time were found fluorochemicals such as PFBuS, PFOcDA, PFBA and PFPeA, while in beavers' liver also PFTeA and N-Ethyl FOSA. 相似文献
9.
Concentrations of perfluorinated compounds in human blood from twelve cities in China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
We detected nine perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in 233 human whole-blood samples collected from 12 cities (from 12 provinces and districts) in China. Perfluorinated compounds could be detected in all blood samples, with perfluorooctane sulfonate (C8, PFOS) as the most prominent PFC. Mean PFOS concentrations were measured at 3.06 to 34.0?μg/L, accounting for the majority of the total perfluorinated compounds (ΣPFCs) (54-87%) in blood samples, except those from Kunming. Perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorohexane sulfonate (C6, PFHxS) concentrations were positively correlated in blood samples (p < 0.01). Significant relations among perfluorooctanoate (C8, PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (C9, PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (C10, PFDA), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (C11, PFUnDA) (p < 0.05) were also observed in the present study, indicating that they may come from a similar exposure pathway in China. In general, gender-related differences were found for PFHxS and ΣPFCs concentrations, which were significantly higher in males than in females (p < 0.05). In the 20- to 29-year age group, gender influence was also found for PFHxS and PFOS concentrations. The mean blood concentration of PFOS (10.6 μg/L) in the present study was comparable with results from other countries, while PFOA and PFHxS (1.39 μg/L and 0.57 μg/L, respectively) were often lower. This can probably be attributed to a different exposure pathway of the general population in China as compared to other countries. 相似文献
10.
Ulla Nordstr?m Joensen Rossana Bossi Henrik Leffers Allan Astrup Jensen Niels E. Skakkeb?k Niels J?rgensen 《Environmental health perspectives》2009,117(6):923-927
Background
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are found globally in wildlife and humans and are suspected to act as endocrine disruptors. There are no previous reports of PFAA levels in adult men from Denmark or of a possible association between semen quality and PFAA exposure.Objectives
We investigated possible associations between PFAAs and testicular function. We hypothesized that higher PFAA levels would be associated with lower semen quality and lower testosterone levels.Methods
We analyzed serum samples for levels of 10 different PFAAs and reproductive hormones and assessed semen quality in 105 Danish men from the general population (median age, 19 years).Results
Considerable levels of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid were found in all young men (medians of 24.5, 4.9, and 6.6 ng/mL, respectively). Men with high combined levels of PFOS and PFOA had a median of 6.2 million normal spermatozoa in their ejaculate in contrast to 15.5 million among men with low PFOS–PFOA (p = 0.030). In addition, we found nonsignificant trends with regard to lower sperm concentration, lower total sperm counts, and altered pituitary–gonadal hormones among men with high PFOS–PFOA levels.Conclusion
High PFAA levels were associated with fewer normal sperm. Thus, high levels of PFAAs may contribute to the otherwise unexplained low semen quality often seen in young men. However, our findings need to be corroborated in larger studies. 相似文献11.
Leo W. Y. Yeung Eva I. H. Loi Vicky Y. Y. Wong Keerthi S. Guruge Noriko Yamanaka Nobuhiko Tanimura Jun Hasegawa Nobuyoshi Yamashita Shigeru Miyazaki Paul K. S. Lam 《Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology》2009,57(2):377-386
One-day-old male chickens were exposed via oral gavage to mixtures of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate
(PFOA), and perfluorodecanoate (PFDA) at either a low dose (0.1 mg/kg body weight [b.w.]) or a high dose (1.0 mg/kg b.w.),
or a saline/ethanol vehicle control, three times a week for 3 weeks. After 3 weeks of exposure, half of the chicks were sacrificed
and the other half were allowed to depurate for a further 3 weeks. No dose-dependent statistically significant differences
in body/organ weights were observed among treatment and control groups after 3 weeks of exposure or after three 3 of depuration.
Neither 15 histological nor 14 measured plasma biochemical parameters were significantly different in chicks from the exposed
groups and vehicle controls. PFOS, PFDA, and PFOA concentrations in blood/liver/kidney samples were measured throughout the
exposure and depuration periods at different time intervals. PFOS and PFDA accumulated at much higher concentrations than
PFOA during the experimental periods. Interestingly, PFOS and PFDA accumulation patterns in the blood were similar during
the exposure and depuration periods. The half-lives for each PFC at the 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg doses were, respectively, approximately
15 and 17 days for PFOS, 11 and 16 days for PFDA, and 3.9 and 3.9 days for PFOA. PFDA accumulation in organs was greater than
or similar to that of PFOS: the liver was the main target during exposure and the blood was the main reservoir during depuration.
These results indicate that exposure to a 1.0-mg mixture of PFOS/PFDA/PFOA/kg b.w. has no adverse effect on juvenile chickens. 相似文献
12.
Schecter A Malik-Bass N Calafat AM Kato K Colacino JA Gent TL Hynan LS Harris TR Malla S Birnbaum L 《Environmental health perspectives》2012,120(4):590-594
Background: For > 50 years, polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) have been used worldwide, mainly as surfactants and emulsifiers, and human exposure to some PFCs is widespread.Objectives: Our goal was to report PFC serum concentrations from a convenience sample of Dallas, Texas, children from birth to < 13 years of age, and to examine age and sex differences in PFC concentrations.Methods: We analyzed 300 serum samples collected in 2009 for eight PFCs by online solid phase extraction–high performance liquid chromatography–isotope dilution–tandem mass spectrometry.Results: Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) were detected in > 92% of participants; the other PFCs measured were detected less frequently. Overall median concentrations of PFOS (4.1 ng/mL) were higher than those for PFOA (2.85 ng/mL), PFNA (1.2 ng/mL), and PFHxS (1.2 ng/mL). For PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, and PFHxS, we found no significant differences (p < 0.05) by sex, significantly increasing concentrations for all four chemicals by age, and significantly positive correlations between all four compounds.Conclusions: We found no significant differences in the serum concentrations of PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, and PFHxS by sex, but increasing concentrations with age. Our results suggest that these 300 Texas children from birth through 12 years of age continued to be exposed to several PFCs in late 2009, years after changes in production of some PFCs in the United States. 相似文献
13.
Calafat AM Wong LY Kuklenyik Z Reidy JA Needham LL 《Environmental health perspectives》2007,115(11):1596-1602
BACKGROUND: Polyfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFCs) have been used since the 1950s in numerous commercial applications. Exposure of the general U.S. population to PFCs is widespread. Since 2002, the manufacturing practices for PFCs in the United States have changed considerably. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and eight other PFCs in a representative 2003-2004 sample of the general U.S. population >or= 12 years of age and to determine whether serum concentrations have changed since the 1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). METHODS: By using automated solid-phase extraction coupled to isotope dilution-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we analyzed 2,094 serum samples collected from NHANES 2003-2004 participants. RESULTS: We detected PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, and PFNA in > 98% of the samples. Concentrations differed by race/ethnicity and sex. Geometric mean concentrations were significantly lower (approximately 32% for PFOS, 25% for PFOA, 10% for PFHxS) and higher (100%, PFNA) than the concentrations reported in NHANES 1999-2000 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In the general U.S. population in 2003-2004, PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, and PFNA serum concentrations were measurable in each demographic population group studied. Geometric mean concentrations of PFOS, PFOA, and PFHxS in 2003-2004 were lower than in 1999-2000. The apparent reductions in concentrations of PFOS, PFOA, and PFHxS most likely are related to discontinuation in 2002 of industrial production by electrochemical fluorination of PFOS and related perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride compounds. 相似文献
14.
Perfluorinated Compounds in River Water, River Sediment, Market Fish, and Wildlife Samples from Japan 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Senthilkumar K Ohi E Sajwan K Takasuga T Kannan K 《Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology》2007,79(4):427-431
Perfluorinated organic compounds (PFCs) such as PFOS, PFOA, PFBS, PFH×S, PFOSA and PFDoA were determined in river water, river
sediment, liver of market fish and liver of wildlife samples from Japan. Concentrations of PFOA and PFOS in water samples
were 7.9–110 and <5.2–10 ng/L. Only PFOA were detected in sediment from Kyoto river at 1.3–3.9 ng/g dry wt. Among fish, only
jack mackerel showed PFOA and PFOS at 10 and 1.6 ng/g wet wt. Wildlife liver contained PFOSA, PFOS, PFDoA, PFOA and PFH×S
in the range of 0.31–362, 0.15–238, <0.03–28, >0.07–7.3 and <0.03–1.5, respectively, on ng/g wet wt. Cormorants showed maximum
accumulation followed by eagle, raccoon dog and large-billed crow. 相似文献
15.
Nakayama K Iwata H Tao L Kannan K Imoto M Kim EY Tashiro K Tanabe S 《Environmental toxicology and chemistry / SETAC》2008,27(11):2378-2386
16.
Halldorsson TI Rytter D Haug LS Bech BH Danielsen I Becher G Henriksen TB Olsen SF 《Environmental health perspectives》2012,120(5):668-673
Background: Perfluoroalkyl acids are persistent compounds used in various industrial -applications. Of these compounds, perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) is currently detected in humans worldwide. A recent study on low-dose developmental exposure to PFOA in mice reported increased weight and elevated biomarkers of adiposity in postpubertal female offspring.Objective: We examined whether the findings of increased weight in postpubertal female mice could be replicated in humans.Methods: A prospective cohort of 665 Danish pregnant women was recruited in 1988–1989 with offspring follow-up at 20 years. PFOA was measured in serum from gestational week 30. Offspring body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were recorded at follow-up (n = 665), and biomarkers of adiposity were quantified in a subset (n = 422) of participants.Results: After adjusting for covariates, including maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, smoking, education, and birth weight, in utero exposure to PFOA was positively associated with anthropometry at 20 years in female but not male offspring. Adjusted relative risks comparing the highest with lowest quartile (median: 5.8 vs. 2.3 ng/mL) of maternal PFOA concentration were 3.1 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4, 6.9] for overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) and 3.0 (95% CI: 1.3, 6.8) for waist circumference > 88 cm among female offspring. This corresponded to estimated increases of 1.6 kg/m2 (95% CI: 0.6, 2.6) and 4.3 cm (95% CI: 1.4, 7.3) in average BMI and waist circumference, respectively. In addition, maternal PFOA concentrations were positively associated with serum insulin and leptin levels and inversely associated with adiponectin levels in female offspring. Similar associations were observed for males, although point estimates were less precise because of fewer observations. Maternal perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA), and perfluorononanoate (PFNA) concentrations were not independently associated with offspring anthropometry at 20 years.Conclusions: Our findings on the effects of low-dose developmental exposures to PFOA are in line with experimental results suggesting obesogenic effects in female offspring at 20 years of age. 相似文献
17.
Bioaccumulation and distribution of perfloroalkyl acids in seafood products from Bohai Bay, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yang L Tian S Zhu L Liu Z Zhang Y 《Environmental toxicology and chemistry / SETAC》2012,31(9):1972-1979
Ten perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) were measured in seafood collected from Bohai Bay, China in 2010. The summed concentrations of the PFAAs were in the ranges of not detected to 194?ng/g dry weight and 4.0 to 304?ng/g dry weight for invertebrates and fish, respectively. The levels of perflurooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in the seafood were lower than those from North America, the Mediterranean Sea, and South Korea. Living habitat, trophic level, and feeding habits had important impacts on the bioaccumulation and distribution of PFAAs in the seafood. The species at higher trophic levels had the potential to accumulate more PFAAs than benthic invertebrates. Tidal-flat organisms tended to accumulate more PFOA than PFOS, whereas the opposite was seen for shallow-water species. For all the species, PFOS and PFOA were partitioned preferentially in the liver or viscera. Risk assessment indicated that the current level of PFAAs in the seafood of Bohai Bay does not represent an immediate source of harm to public health. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 1972-1979. ? 2012 SETAC. 相似文献
18.
Tsuda T Inoue A Igawa T Tanaka K 《Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology》2010,85(6):593-597
A survey on seasonal concentration changes of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was performed
for surface water in Lake Biwa (14 sites) from February to November in 2009. The concentrations of PFOS and PFOA were 0.8–1.6
and 7.0–10 ng/L in northern basin of Lake Biwa (eight sites), 0.9–1.7 and 8.3–13 ng/L in southern basin of Lake Biwa except
Akanoi Bay (four sites), 1.4–2.8 and 9.1–17 ng/L in Akanoi Bay (8C) and 2.4–5.3 and 12–26 ng/L in Akanoi Bay (168), respectively.
Seasonal changes were recognized for both of PFOS and PFOA in the two sites of Akanoi Bay but not in the other sites of the
southern and northern basins of Lake Biwa. Monthly detailed surveys in the surface water were performed on the changes of
PFOS and PFOA concentrations from June in 2009 to May in 2010 and further on the changes of conductivity values. The changes
of PFOS and PFOA concentrations were well consistent with those of conductivity values. 相似文献
19.
Occurrence of Perfluoroalkyl Surfactants in Water, Fish, and Birds from New York State 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Sinclair E Mayack DT Roblee K Yamashita N Kannan K 《Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology》2006,50(3):398-410
Concentrations of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and several other perfluoroalkyl surfactants (PASs) were determined in nine
major water bodies (n = 51) of New York State (NYS). These PASs were also measured in the livers of two species of sport fish (n = 66) from 20 inland lakes in NYS. Finally, perfluorinated compounds were measured in the livers of 10 species of waterfowl
(n = 87) from the Niagara River region in NYS. PFOS, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHS) were
ubiquitous in NYS waters. PFOA was typically found at higher concentrations than were PFOS and PFHS. Elevated concentrations
of PFOS were found in surface waters of Lake Onondaga, and elevated concentrations of PFOA were found in the Hudson River.
PFOS was the most abundant perfluorinated compound in all fish and bird samples. PFOS concentrations in the livers of fishes
ranged from 9 to 315 ng/g wet weight. PFOS, PFOA, and PFOSA (perfluorooctanesulfonamide) concentrations in smallmouth and
largemouth bass (taken together) caught in remote mountain lakes with no known point sources of PAS contamination were 14
to 207, < 1.5 to 6.1, and < 1.5 to 9.8 ng/g wet weight, respectively. PFOS concentrations in the livers of birds ranged from
11 to 882 ng/g wet weight. PFOS concentrations were 2.5-fold greater (p = 0.001) in piscivorous birds than in non-piscivorous birds. However, PFOA, PFOSA, and PFHS were not found in bird livers.
Overall, average concentrations of PFOS in fish were 8850-fold greater than those in surface water. An average biomagnification
factor of 8.9 was estimated for PFOS in common merganser relative to that in fish. This study highlights the significance
of dietary fish in PFOS accumulation in the food chain. Furthermore, our results provide information on the distribution of
PASs in natural waters, fish, and several bird species in NYS. 相似文献
20.
Occurrence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Fish and Water from the Svitava and Svratka Rivers,Czech Republic 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kovarova J Marsalek P Blahova J Jurcikova J Kasikova B Svobodova Z 《Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology》2012,88(3):456-460
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFHxS, FHUEA, PFOA, PFOS, FOSA, N-methyl FOSA and PFNA) from seven sites on the Svitava and Svratka rivers in the Brno conurbation (Czech Republic) were determined
in fish blood plasma and water. Concentrations of PFHxS, FHUEA, FOSA, and N-methyl FOSA were below detection limits. Major compound in fish blood was PFOS (38.9–57.8 ng mL−1), followed by PFNA and PFOA. In water, the major compound detected was PFOA (1.7–178.0 ng mL−1), followed by PFOS and PFNA. A significant (p < 0.05) correlation for PFOA concentration in blood plasma and water was found (r = 0.74). 相似文献