抗生素89－07的耳毒性试验Ⅱ．抗生素89－07与庆大霉素、阿米卡星对耳蜗形态影响的比较

为进一步观察比较抗生素８９－０７与庆大霉素（ＧＭ）、阿米卡星（ＡＭＫ）对耳蜗形态的影响，本试验用１２３只豚鼠，以等效剂量给药２８ｄ，停药１ｄ后处死，取颞骨观察耳蜗铺片及火棉胶连续切片，并用扫描电镜进行形态学观察，根据毛细胞坏死数与形态观察，阴性对照生理盐水与抗生素８９－０７无显著差异，而盐水与ＧＭ和ＡＭＫ有非常显著的差异。抗生素８９－０７本身与ＧＭ、ＡＭＫ也有极其显著的差异，ＧＭ、ＡＭＫ的量效关系显著，而抗生素８９－０７不存在明显的量效关系。可见抗生素８９－０７对耳蜗形态学无明显影响。而ＧＭ、ＡＭＫ对耳蜗的损伤明显     

抗生素89－07、庆大霉素和阿米卡星对豚鼠连续肌注15天的耳毒性初步比较

从功能与形态学两方面比较抗生素８９－０７、庆大霉素（ＧＭ）、阿米卡星（ＡＭＫ）对豚鼠耳蜗的影响，在豚鼠连续肌注１５天，停药１４天后，发现２００ｍｇ／（ｋｇ·ｄ）组庆大霉素与阿米卡星对耳蜗毛细胞平均损伤享为６３％与１０％，而相同剂量的抗生素８９－０７平均损伤率仅０．３％，说明抗生素８９－０７耳毒性极小，比ＧＭ和ＡＭＫ更为安全。     

抗生素89—07,庆大霉素和阿米卡星对豚鼠连续肌注15天的耳毒…

从功能与形态学两方面比较抗生素８９－０７，庆大霉素（ＧＭ），阿米卡星（ＡＭＫ）对豚鼠耳蜗的影响，在豚鼠连续肌注１５天，停药１４天后，发现２００ｍｇ／（ｋｇ．ｄ）组庆大霉素与阿米卡星对耳蜗毛细胞平均损伤率为６３％与１０％，而相同剂量的抗生素８９－０７平均损伤率仅０．３％说明抗生素８９－０７耳毒性极小，比ＧＭ和ＡＭＫ更为安全。     

抗生素89—07的耳毒性试验Ⅱ.抗生素89—07与庆大霉素,阿米卡…

为进一步观察比较抗生素８９－０７与庆大霉素（ＧＭ）、阿米卡星（ＡＭＫ）对耳蜗形态的影响。本试验用１２３只豚鼠，以等效剂量给药２８天，停药１天后处死，取颞骨观察耳蜗铺及火棉胶加续切片，并用扫描电镜进行形态学观察，根据毛细胞坏死数与形态观察，阴性对照生理盐水与抗生素８９－０７无显著差异，而盐水ＡＭＫ有非常显著的差异。抗生素８９－０７本与ＧＭ、ＡＭＫ极其显著的差异、ＡＭＫ的量效关系显著。而抗生素８９－０     

抗生素89－07的耳毒性试验Ⅰ．抗生素89－07与庆大霉素、阿米卡星对听力影响的比较

为进一步比较抗生素８９－０７与庆大霉素（ＧＭ）、阿米卡星（ＡＭＫ）长期用药时对听力的影响，本研究用豚鼠２１４只，各注射不同药物与生理盐水，每种药物又分４～５个剂量组，每天肌注１次，共２８ｄ。给药期间，每周及完成给药计划后均检查听力与前庭功能。听力检查表明，抗生素８９－０７对听力的影响近于生理盐水水平，随时间延长及剂量积累也未见变化，即不具有明显的量效关系及时效关系。相反，ＧＭ与ＡＭＫ随给药时间延长，药物积累，与生理盐水的差异愈趋明显，量效关系高度显著。本实验的功能检查结果表明：氨基糖苷类新抗生素８９－０７对听力损伤极低，几乎没有耳蜗毒性，是值得推荐的一种新药     

抗生素89－07联合氟氧头孢实验治疗mec A基因阳性MRSA感染小鼠败血症体内抗菌疗效

应用ｍｅｃＡ基因阳性的甲氧西林耐药金葡球菌２株临床分离菌株，金葡球菌９２－１０６与８９－１８７感染小鼠引起的小鼠败血症实验模型，评价抗生素８９－０７与氟氧头孢联合方案的体内抗菌活性并与去甲万古霉素单独给药进行比较。结果表明去甲万古霉素治疗金葡球菌９２－１０６和８９－１８７引起的小鼠ＭＲＳＡ感染的半数有效剂量ＥＤ５０值分别为５．８±１．１和４．１±０．８ｍｇ／ｋｇ，均显著低于抗生素８９－０７（１０．０，１０．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）或氟氧头孢（２６；９，２９．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ）。抗生素８９－０７与氟氧头孢联合治疗ＭＲＳＡ９２－１０６与８９－１８７感染小鼠的ＥＤ５０值分别为３．８与２．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ。均显著低于去甲万古霉素、抗生素８９－０７和氟氧头孢相应的ＥＤ５０值。说明抗生素８９－０７与氟氧头孢联合方案的体内抗菌活性比去甲万古霉素强，具有统计学显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）。表明两药联合具有很好的体内协同作用。     

抗生素89—07,庆大霉素和阿米卡星的耳毒性比较

采用听性脑干电反应，眼震电图，结合火棉胶切片，耳蜗铺片琥珀酸脱氢酶染色方法和扫描电等形态学观察。综合主人抗生素８９－０７与阿米卡星、庆大霉素的耳毒性。结果表明：ＧＭ１００ｍｇ确有耳蜗系和前庭系毒性；ＡＭＫ２００ｍｇ对耳蜗第有轻度损伤，而抗生素８９－０７ ２５、５０、１００ｍｇ对耳蜗均无损伤。     

抗生素89—07对前庭器功能形态影响的观察

给豚鼠肌注抗生素８９－０７并用旋转试验评价前庭功能。２８天后用扫描电镜观察前庭壶腹嵴、椭园囊斑、球囊斑的形态改变，检测比较８９－０７与ＡＭＫ及ＧＭ对前庭器的影响，结果表明：８９－０７虽对耳石膜有损害，并使感觉毛细胞的纤毛粘连，但８９－０７对前庭的毒性作用仍比庆大霉素及丁胺卡那霉素小得多。     

新氨基糖苷类抗生素89－07抗生素后作用研究

选用活菌记数法测定抗生素８９－０７体外抗生素后作用，对照药为庆大霉素，实验结果表明大肠杆菌ＡＴＣＣ２５９２２、９０－０２０和绿脓假单胞菌ＡＴＣＣ２７８５３、９３－３７４对抗生素８９－０７和庆大霉素均敏感（ＭＩＣ范围为０．５～２ｍｇ／Ｌ）。抗生素８９－０７对４株实验菌２个药物浓度（４ＭＩＣ，１ＭＩＣ）的ＰＡＥ分别为２．３８±０．０９和０．６５±０．０６、１．８７±０．０７和０．３６±０．０９、２．９３±０．１５和０．４５±０．１１、１．２６±０．０９和０．４５±０．０６ｈ，庆大霉素分别为１．８４±０．１７和０．３１±０．０４、１．８５±０，０８和０．２４±０．０４、２．５６±０．１１和０．２７±０．０５、１．０４±０．１１和０．３８±０．０６ｈ。两药相应的ＰＡＥ值相比在统计学上的意义根据细菌不同而不同，与ＭＩＣ无明显关系；两药高低２个浓度的ＰＡＥ值则均有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．００１）。     

抗生素89－07对前庭器功能形态影响的观察

给豚鼠肌注抗生素８９－０７并用旋转试验评价前庭功能。２８天后用扫描电镜观察前庭壶腹嵴、椭园囊斑、球囊斑的形态改变，检测比较８９－０７与ＡＭＫ及ＧＭ对前庭器的影响，结果表明：８９－０７对前庭无明显损害，对前庭功能的影响与生理盐水组相比较没有显著差异，在大剂量时８９－０７虽对耳石膜有损害，并使感觉毛细胞的纤毛粘连，但８９－０７对前庭的毒性作用仍比庆大霉素及丁胺卡那霉素小得多。     

Muscle irritation study on cefoperazone (author's transl)

Muscular injury caused by cefoperazone (CPZ) was compared with that of cefazolin (CEZ), cephaloridine (CER) or cephalothin (CET) in adult and juvenile male rabbits. These drugs were dissolved by the way of clinical use and were injected singly into the muscular vastus lateralis. Then, the degree of muscular injury at the time of 48 hours and 7 days after the injection was judged from muscle ratio, gross local observation and histological observations. The degree of muscular injury caused by these drugs was compared also with that of saline 075% or 6% acetic acid. The following results were obtained: There was no difference among CPZ, CEZ and CER on the degree of muscular injury and these changes were almost equal to those of 0.75% acetic acid, however severer than that of saline. While, muscular injury caused by CET was severer than that of CPZ, CEZ, CER or 0.75% acetic acid, but milder than 6% acetic acid. The inflammatory reaction against these drugs was almost similar in adult and juvenile rabbits.     

攻癌镇痛散联合氯化锶治疗骨转移性癌痛临床观察

目的 探讨攻癌镇痛散联合氯化锶(89SrCl2)治疗骨转移性癌痛临床疗效及安全性.方法 选择2012年1月-2016年10月收治的骨转移性癌痛148例,按治疗方法分为对照组和观察组,每组74例.对照组在常规治疗基础上给予89SrCl2治疗,观察组在对照组基础上予攻癌镇痛散治疗.观察2组疼痛程度、镇痛起效时间、疗效持续时间、生活质量及临床疗效,并记录不良反应发生情况.结果 2组治疗后疼痛程度和生活质量均较治疗前改善,且观察组改善程度优于对照组(P＜0.05).观察组镇痛起效时间短于对照组,疗效持续时间长于对照组(P＜0.05).观察组临床总有效率高于对照组(P＜0.05).2组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 攻癌镇痛散联合89SrCl2治疗骨转移性癌痛临床效果较好,且安全性较高.     

Local irritation study with isepamicin

Local irritative effects of isepamicin (HAPA-B) were studied using muscle and blood vessel of Japanese White rabbits. Muscle irritation experiment was carried out with a single dosage of 100 mg HAPA-B, 100 mg amikacin (AMK), saline, 0.75% acetic acid or 6.0% acetic acid administered into musculus sacrospinalis. Vascular irritation experiment was carried out by allowing HAPA-B to remain in a sealed section of vena retroauricularis for 3 minutes after injection. In result, the muscular irritative activity of HAPA-B was less severe than 0.75% acetic acid but more than saline, and almost equal activity to AMK was observed. The HAPA-B caused very slight inflammation while thrombus was not formed. The vascular irritative activity was very little.     

抗生素89—07小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验

用小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验，检查抗生素８９－０７的遗传效应，根据小鼠ＬＤ５０，选择１０、２０、４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ三个剂量组，一次静脉给予。给药２４ｈ时采样制作标本。镜检结果经统计表明三个剂量组与阴性对照组相比嗜多染红细胞微核无明显增加。表明小鼠微核试验为阴性。抗生素８９－０７不是一个断裂剂。     

护理干预对脑外伤术后导尿管所致躁动的价值分析

目的：探讨护理干预对脑外伤术后导尿管所致躁动的临床价值。方法选择患者100例,分为两组,各50例,观察组重点观察导尿管原因,对照组实施常规护理,比较两组患者的躁动时间及躁动程度,并统计治疗期间导尿管原因引起的不良反应情况。结果观察组患者躁动时间显著少于对照组（P＜0.05）,同时躁动程度评分显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）,观察组出现尿管滑脱、尿道损伤及尿潴留的比例均显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论导尿管因素是导致脑外伤术后躁动主要原因之一,保证导尿管的通畅,避免尿潴留的发生是减少躁动的有效方法。     

局部应用氨甲环酸及阿米卡星预防扁桃体切除术后出血

目的 :观察局部应用氨甲环酸及阿米卡星预防扁桃体切除术后出血的效果。方法 :对照组1 5 3例 (男性 78例 ,女性 75例 ,年龄 2 6a±s 3a)用2 %利多卡因 1 0mL加入氯化钠注射液 2 0mL及0 .1 %肾上腺素 3滴作扁桃体周围浸润麻醉。 2 2 9例 (男性 97例 ,女性 1 3 2例 ,年龄 2 8a± 4a)为观察组 ,用药在对照组基础上加氨甲环酸 0 .2g及阿米卡星 0 .2 g。结果 :观察组术后出血 4例 ,出血率 1 .7% ;对照组出血 1 2例 ,出血率 7.8% ,2组病人术后出血率差异有非常显著意义 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论 :局麻药中加入氨甲环酸及阿米卡星可以明显降低扁桃体切除术后出血的发生     

Muscular irritation study of gadobenate dimeglumine formulation (E7155) in rabbits

To examine the local muscular irritation potency of gadobenate dimeglumine formulation (E7155), E7155 was injected into the right vastus lateralis muscle of male Kbl:JW rabbits, and saline as the negative control was injected into the left muscle. Half of the animals were subjected to necropsy at 2 or 14 days after administration. The muscles were examined macroscopically and histopathologically. Also, 0.425 w/v% and 1.7 w/v% acetic acid solutions were used as a positive control. In macroscopic observation, hemorrhage with white or brown coloration was seen in the muscles treated with E7155 at 2 days after administration, and white coloration was seen in one case at 14 days after administration. In histopathological examination, slight or moderate hemorrhage, edema, cellular infiltration, degeneration of muscle fibers and necrosis of muscle fibers were seen in the muscles treated with E7155 at 2 days after administration, and very slight to slight cellular infiltration, degeneration of muscle fibers, fibrosis, calcification of muscle fibers and foreign body giant cells were seen in the muscles treated with E7155 at 14 days after administration. The changes in the muscle caused by E7155 were definitely less than those caused by the 1.7 w/v% acetic acid solution at both 2 and 14 days, and slightly less and definitely less than those caused by the 0.425 w/v% acetic acid solution at 2 days and 14 days after administration, respectively. The changes caused by E7155 were more severe than those caused by saline. It was concluded that the local muscular irritation potency of E7155 could be classified at Grade 2.     

Amikacin: in vitro bacteriological studies, levels in human serum, lung and heart tissue, and clinical results

The amikacin sensitivity of bacteria cultured from 3282 clinical cases of mixed type was determined. Gentamicin and amikacin were equally effective against E. coli strains. Amikacin inhibited the growth of more Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains than did gentamicin. Against Gram-positive bacteria gentamicin proved to be more effective. Many of the gentamicin-resistant strains were sensitive to amikacin. Amikacin levels were measured during 21 pulmonary and 14 heart operations, subsequent to a intramuscular administration of 500 mg amikacin. The serum contained 17-20 microgram/ml amikacin, in the intact, inflamed and tumourous parts of removed lung tissue 9, 6 and 6 microgram/g concentrations were detected, respectively, whereas the cardiac auricle and the pericardial fluid contained 3-4 and 2-4 microgram/ml, respectively. These amikacin levels reach or in most cases even exceed the minimal inhibiting concentrations against the bacteria. Therefore, amikacin is excellent for the treatment of respiratory infections, pericarditis and endocarditis caused by Gram-negative, gentamicin-resistant bacteria. Amikacin treatment of 8 patients with grave diseases as well as the successful local administration of amikacin based on the therapy of 55 cases of surgical suppurations is reported.