原发性高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化与冠状动脉病变关系的探讨

目的研究原发性高血压(EH)患者颈动脉粥样硬化与冠状动脉病变的关系。方法选择114例EH患者,根据冠状动脉造影结果分成4组:正常组、单支病变组、双支病变组和3支病变组,各组分别进行颈动脉超声检查,测量颈动脉舒张末期内颈(DD)、收缩末期内径(DS)、DD与DS之差与DD的变化率DD-DS/DD(%)及粥样斑块。结果随着冠状动脉病变严重程度的增加,颈动脉DS、DD、DD-DS/DD(%)值下降,斑块发生率和斑块的严重程度增加。结论颈动脉超声检查能较好地预测EH患者冠状动脉病变的严重程度。     

Intrarenal and carotid hemodynamics in patients with essential hypertension

BACKGROUND: The pulsatility index (PI) and resistive index (RI) are used as markers of peripheral vascular resistance. Recently intrarenal PI and RI were introduced for the evaluation of the severity of acute and chronic renal failure, as well as for the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis and kidney graft rejection. In the present study, we evaluated intrarenal PI and RI in patients with essential hypertension. METHODS: Fifty-one patients with essential hypertension participated. The intima-media thickness (IMT) and mean diastolic (Vd) and systolic velocity (Vs) in the common carotid artery (CCA) were measured using ultrasound and Doppler flow methods. Relative diastolic flow velocity (Vd/Vs) was calculated as an assessment of CCA hemodynamics. Renal Doppler flow was obtained from the interlobar arteries in each of two kidneys. The mean PI ([peak systolic velocity--end-diastolic velocity]/mean velocity) and mean RI ([peak systolic velocity--end-diastolic velocity]/peak systolic velocity) were calculated. RESULTS: Intrarenal PI and RI were positively correlated with IMT and negatively correlated with Vd/Vs in CCA, indicating that renal vascular resistance is related to carotid stiffness. A stepwise regression analysis revealed that age and pulse pressure were independently associated with intrarenal PI and RI. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the measurement of PI and RI is useful for the evaluation of arterial stiffness in patients with essential hypertension.     

Association between carotid hemodynamics and asymptomatic white and gray matter lesions in patients with essential hypertension.

The aim of this study was to clarify the magnitude of common carotid artery (CCA) structural and hemodynamic parameters on brain white and gray matter lesions in patients with essential hypertension (EHT). The study subjects were 49 EHT patients without a history of previous myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance, chronic renal failure, symptomatic cerebrovascular events, or asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. All patients underwent brain MRI and ultrasound imaging of the CCA. MRI findings were evaluated by periventricular hyperintensity (PVH), deep and subcortical white matter hyperintensity (DSWMH), and état criblé according to the Japanese Brain dock Guidelines of 2003. Intima media thickness (IMT), and mean diastolic (Vd) and systolic (Vs) velocities were evaluated by carotid ultrasound. The Vd/Vs ratio was further calculated as a relative diastolic flow velocity. The mean IMT and max IMT were positively associated with PVH, DSWMH, and état criblé (mean IMT: rho=0.473, 0.465, 0.494, p=0.0007, 0.0014, 0.0008, respectively; max IMT: rho=0.558, 0.443, 0.514, p=0.0001, 0.0024, 0.0004, respectively). Vd/Vs was negatively associated with état criblé (rho=-0.418, p=0.0038). Carotid structure and hemodynamics are potentially related to asymptomatic lesions in the cerebrum, and might be predictors of future cerebral vascular events in patients with EHT.     

超声检测原发性高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化和颅内动脉血流动力学的变化

目的探讨高血压病患者颈动脉粥样硬化及颅内动脉血流动力学的变化。方法选择107例原发性高血压患者，将其分为单纯高血压病组（63例）和高血压合并心、脑血管病组（44例）；另外选择53名体格检查正常者为对照组。采用彩色多普勒血流显像（CDFI）及经颅多普勒超声（TCD）对患者颅内动脉及颈动脉进行检测。结果TCD颅内动脉检测结果提示，单纯高血压组和高血压合并心、脑血管病组舒张期末血流速度较对照组明显减低（P〈0．01）；血管搏动指数及阻力指数均高下对照组（P〈0．01）。单纯高血压病组颈动脉内膜（IMT）增厚及斑块检出率分别为73．02％（46／63）和50．79％（32／63），高血压合并心脑血管病组检出率均为100％，对照组为20．75％（11／53）、19．98％（9／53），三组比较差异均有显著性，P〈0．01。结论高血压是引起颅内外动脉硬化病变的重要危险因素；CDFI结合TCD可以对高血压病患者颅内、外动脉血流动力学的变化进行客观的评价。     

Association between carotid haemodynamics and inflammation in patients with essential hypertension

Previous studies have shown that high blood pressure causes chronic inflammation. Hypertensive patients are reported to have high-circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). The pulsatility index (PI) and resistive index (RI) are used as markers of peripheral vascular resistance. In the present study, we evaluated the relationship between carotid haemodynamics and the proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and hs-CRP. In all, 41 patients with essential hypertension participated. The intima-media thickness (IMT), peak systolic velocity (pVs), peak diastolic velocity (pVd) and mean velocity (mV) in the common carotid artery were measured using ultrasound Doppler flow methods, and PI [(pVs-pVd)/mV] and RI [(pVs-pVd)/pVs] were calculated. Serum IL-6 and hs-CRP concentrations were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IMT was positively correlated with age and pulse pressure. Both PI and RI were positively correlated with pulse pressure, IL-6 and hs-CRP. A multiple regression analysis revealed that PI and RI were independently associated with hs-CRP. These results suggested that carotid haemodynamic parameters such as PI and RI are associated with atherosclerosis and inflammation in hypertensive patients.     

原发性高血压并发颈动脉粥样硬化患者血清HCY水平与氧化应激的相关性

目的通过观察原发性高血压(EH)患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度(CAIMT)和血清同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、丙二醛(MDA)水平及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,探讨EH并发颈动脉粥样硬化(CAS)患者血清HCY与氧化应激的相关性。方法选择2014-01~2016-12在该院就诊的266例EH患者为研究对象,以同期体检健康者50名作为对照组。检测CAIMT(彩色多普勒超声仪)和血清HCY(循环酶法)、MDA(TBA法)水平及SOD活性(比色法),并进行统计学对比分析。结果 (1)EH患者并发CAS发生率为62.8%(167/266),与其年龄、病情及病程有关,与性别差异无关。(2)EH并发CAS组与对照组比较,血清HCY和MDA水平显著升高(t=7.118、6.326,P0.05),SOD活性显著降低(t=12.809,P0.01)。(3)血清HCY水平与MDA水平呈显著正相关(r=0.493,P0.05),与血清SOD活性呈显著负相关(r=-0.562,P0.05)。结论EH并发CAS患者血清HCY水平显著升高,氧化应激反应增强,血清HCY水平与氧化应激显著相关。     

高血压患者糖代谢异常与脂联素和颈动脉粥样硬化关系的观察

目的 探讨原发性高血压患者糖代谢异常与APN及颈动脉粥样硬化的关系. 方法 纳入150例原发性高血压患者,根据FPG和75 gOGTT检测结果分为糖耐量正常（NGT）组、IGT组和DM组.ELISA检测3组血清APN水平,彩色多普勒超声检测颈动脉内膜-中层厚度（IMT）及粥样斑块,并进行比较. 结果 3组间APN、IMT比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.APN与SBP、DBP、FPG、2 hPG、IMT呈负相关.多元逐步回归分析显示SBP、2 hPG是影响APN水平的独立因素. 结论 原发性高血压患者合并不同程度糖代谢异常,其严重程度与血清APN、IMT相关.     

老年原发性高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与血清标志物之间的相关性分析

目的探讨老年原发性高血压(EH)患者颈动脉粥样硬化(CAS)和血清标志物之间的关系。方法选择住我院或门诊的老年EH患者388例(EH组),均行颈动脉彩色超声及血生化检查,根据有无颈动脉斑块分为3组:无斑块组142例;稳定斑块组132例;不稳定斑块组114例。另选择同期体检且健康者82例作为对照组。分析CAS与空腹血糖(FPG)、Hcy、总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)、间接胆红素(IBIL)、尿酸、铁蛋白、纤维蛋白原(Fib)、C反应蛋白(CRP)之间的关系。结果 EH组患者的CAS和Hcy水平显著高于对照组[63.40%vs 31.71%、(12.69±3.58)μmol/L vs(6.96±2.89)μmol/L,P0.01]。EH患者CAS发生率为63.40%,与无斑块组比较,稳定斑块组和不稳定斑块组的FPG、TC、TG、LDL-C、Hcy、尿酸、铁蛋白、Fib、CRP显著升高,而TBIL、DBIL、IBIL等显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。logistic回归分析显示,CAS斑块与血清TBIL、IBIL水平呈负相关,与FPG、TC、LDL-C、Hcy、尿酸、铁蛋白、Fib、CRP、吸烟、糖尿病、高血压呈正相关(P0.05)。结论老年EH患者血清TBIL、IBIL是CAS的保护因子,而FPG、Hcy、尿酸、铁蛋白、Fib和CRP则是不良因素。     

高血压与颈动脉内膜粥样硬化的关系

目的 探索高血压患者脑部症状与颈动脉内膜粥样硬化的相关性.方法 应用高频彩色多普勒超声检测260例高血压患者及30例非高血压患者的颈动脉硬化情况和颈动脉壁的内膜-中层厚度,同时测量高血压患者及对照组血脂、C-反应蛋白(CRP)和同型半胱氨酸(HCY)水平.结果 高年龄组患者颈动脉内膜增厚检出率较低年龄组高(检出率分别是<40岁14.29%,40～49岁20.00%,50～59岁33.33%,60～69岁40.07%,≥70岁56.78%);高血压合并高脂血症患者血浆CRP和HCY明显高于对照组[高血压组HCY为(21.89±11.08)μmol/L,CRP为(15.23±3.25)mg/L,TG为(3.9±1.7)mmol/L,CHOL为(6.78±2.6)mmol/L,颈动脉内膜厚度为(1.9±0.31)mm].结论 随着年龄的增加,高血压患者颈动脉内膜增厚检出率增高,血浆中脂质代谢异常和CRP、HCY等升高均可能参与颈动脉粥样硬化进展,因此导致了与之相关的脑部症状.     

脑梗死患者颈动脉病变与眼底动脉硬化的相关性分析

目的探讨脑梗死患者颈动脉病变与眼底动脉硬化的相关性。方法选择脑梗死患者177例,分别进行头颅CT或MRI、颈动脉超声和眼底照相检查,评价颈动脉内膜中层厚度、颈动脉狭窄及眼底动脉硬化分级。结果177例患者中,颈动脉无病变10例(5.6%),颈总动脉内膜中层厚度增厚22例(12.4%),任意颈动脉斑块形成121例(68.4%),颈动脉狭窄24例(13.6%)。正常35例(19.8%),眼底动脉硬化改变142例(80.2%),其中Ⅰ级69例(39.0%),Ⅱ级31例(17.5%),Ⅲ级42例(23.7%)。眼底动脉硬化与颈动脉内膜中层厚度、颈动脉狭窄相关(P<0.05),但眼底动脉硬化各单项指标与颈动脉内膜中层厚度和颈动脉是否狭窄无相关性(P>0.05)。结论眼底动脉硬化与颈动脉病变存在一致性,眼底照相可作为辅助方法帮助评价全身血管情况,协助颈动脉疾病的诊断。     

原发性高血压患者血清纤维蛋白胶凝素3水平与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的探讨原发性高血压(EH)患者血清纤维蛋白胶凝素3(ficolin-3)水平与颈动脉粥样硬化相关性。方法横断面研究纳入我院心内科门诊及住院的老年EH患者386例分为EH 1级组100例,EH 2级组146例,EH 3级组140例,另选择同期健康体检者212例为对照组。所有患者接受颈动脉彩色超声,并进行颈动脉粥样硬化分级,采用ELISA检测血清ficolin-3水平。结果 4组血清ficolin-3水平比较有统计学差异(P0.01),且EH 1级组、EH 2级组、EH 3级组血清ficolin-3水平呈显著降低趋势,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。颈动脉粥样硬化0级、1级、2级、3级、4级患者血清ficolin-3水平分别为(26.89±5.22)μg/L、(26.33±4.89)μg/L、(24.06±5.17)μg/L、(20.11±5.32)μg/L、(18.38±4.98)μg/L,血清ficolin-3水平呈显著降低趋势(P0.05)。血清ficolin-3水平与颈动脉内膜中层厚度呈负相关(r=-0.398,P=0.003),是颈动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素(P=0.001)。ficolin-3水平预测动脉粥样硬化发生的最佳切点为20.31μg/L,ROC曲线下面积为0.614(95%CI:0.553～0.675)。结论血清ficolin-3水平是EH患者颈动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素,并具有一定预测价值。     

颈动脉粥样硬化与血管性痴呆的相关性分析

目的探讨颈动脉粥样硬化对血管性痴呆发生、发展的影响。方法对61例血管性痴呆（VaD）患者（VaD组）及70例健康体检者（对照组）行高频超声检查,测定其颈总动脉、颈内动脉内-中膜厚度（IMT）及内径,颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的发生情况及斑块性质,采用全自动生化分析仪测定血TC、TG、HDL—C及LDL-C水平。结果VaD组颈总动脉IMT及颈内动脉IMT均明显大于对照组,颈总动脉及颈内动脉内径均明显小于对照组（P均〈0．05）;VaD组斑块发生率明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）;TC、TG、LDL-C水平均明显高于对照组、HDL-C明显低于对照组（P均〈0．05）。结论颈动脉粥样硬化形成与VaD的发生密切相关。     

Asymmetric dimethylarginine is associated with carotid atherosclerosis in patients with essential hypertension

Abstract

This study was to assess the relationship between asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with essential hypertension. A total of 182 individuals with never-treated essential hypertension and 182 age-matched healthy controls were studied. Plasma ADMA levels, mean intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaque score were significantly greater in hypertensive patients than normotensive controls. ADMA was positively correlated with mean IMT. On multiple logistic regression analysis, ADMA was a crucial independent predictor of carotid plaque formation (plaque score ≥1.1). Our results suggest that increased levels of ADMA are associated with the development of carotid atherosclerosis in hypertensive patients.     

原发性高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化的临床意义

目的探讨原发性高血压与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法对251例原发性高血压患者和93例健康对照者进行颈动脉超声检测,测量血管内径、内中膜厚度(IMT)、血流频谱参数及观察斑块的存在与否,了解其与原发性高血压的关系。结果原发性高血压患者颈动脉IMT较对照组明显增加(P<0.01),斑块发生率增加(P<0.01),颈动脉内径增大,血流速度减低,阻力和搏动指数增加。随着原发性高血压分级增高及病程延长,颈动脉IMT及斑块发生率、斑块Crouse积分增加(P<0.01)。结论颈动脉粥样硬化与原发性高血压关系密切,有助于监测原发性高血压的进展及预后,对其防治有重要意义。     

血清骨保护素与高血压及合并颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

【摘要】　目的　探讨血清骨保护素(OPG)水平与原发性高血压(EH)及合并颈动脉粥样硬化(CAS)的关系。方法　选择健康体检者40例(对照组)、单纯高血压患者(EH组)42例及高血压合并颈动脉粥样硬化患者(EH+CAS组)46例为研究对象。颈动脉超声检查测量颈动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT),判断有无颈动脉粥样硬化;同时测定血清OPG水平及总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂 (TG)、低密度胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度胆固醇(HDL-C)及C反应蛋白(CRP)等生化指标,并观察3组间各指标的变化。结果　单因素分析显示,EH组及EH CAS组血清OPG水平明显高于对照组[3.58(2.72~4.33),4.99(4.20~6.26)vs 2.68(2.07~3.37)(P<0.001)]。EH CAS组血清OPG水平高于EH组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,血清OPG水平(OR=1.614,95 % CI：1.088~2.393)是高血压合并颈动脉粥样硬化的独立影响因素。 结论　高血压合并CAS 患者血清OPG 高于正常人和单纯高血压患者,OPG可能与高血压患者CAS 的发生有关。     

颈动脉粥样硬化与冠心病关系的研究

目的研究颈动脉粥样硬化与冠心病的关系。方法对301例冠状动脉造影的患者作双侧颈动脉超声检查，根据冠脉造影结果分为正常组及冠心病组，冠心病组根据冠状动脉病变支数再分为一支病变组，二支病变组，三支病变组3个亚组。测量颈总动脉后壁内中膜厚度(IMT)，斑块厚度，计算斑块积分及粥样斑块发生率。结果(1)冠心病组IMT，斑决积分及斑块发生率明显高于正常对照组(P＜0.01)。(2)随冠脉病变支数增加，斑块积分及IMT增加，亚组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.01)。(3)以IMT＞0.85mm和(或)出现粥样斑块预测冠心病，特异性75.3％，敏感性84.6％，阳性预测率88.4％。结论通过颈动脉超声检查可为冠心痛的诊断提供依据。     

颈动脉粥样硬化与冠心病关系的研究

目的:研究颈动脉粥样硬化与冠心病的关系。方法:对301例冠状动脉造影的患者作双侧颈动脉超声检查,根据冠脉造影结果分为正常组及冠心病组,冠心病组根据冠状动脉病变支数再分为一支病变组,二支病变组,三支病变组3个亚组。测量颈总动脉后壁内中膜厚度(IMT),斑块厚度,计算斑块积分及粥样斑块发生率。结果:(1)冠心病组IMT,斑块积分及斑块发生率明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01)。(2)随冠脉病变支数增加,斑块积分及IMT增加,亚组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。(3)以IMT>0.85mm和(或)出现粥样斑块预测冠心病,特异性75.3％,敏感性84.6％,阳性预测率88.4％。结论:通过颈动脉超声检查可为冠心病的诊断提供依据。     

原发性高血压患者脉压与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的 探讨原发性高血压患者不同脉压范围与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系.方法 221例原发性高血压患者 根据脉压水平分为4组,Ⅰ组54例:脉压≤45 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),Ⅱ组56例:脉压46～65 mm Hg,Ⅲ组58例:脉压66～85 mm Hg,Ⅳ组53例:脉压85 mm Hg.4组均进行超声检测,观察颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)、颈总动脉内径及斑块形成情况.结果 Ⅳ组患者硬斑与溃疡斑2种类型的斑块发生率分别为29.6%和24.1%,2级与3级斑块的发生率分别为39.6%和26.4%,明显高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组患者,与其他3组比较,均 有统计学差异(P<0.01).相关分析显示,颈总动脉IMT与颈动脉斑块严重程度呈正相关(r=0.718,P<0.01).颈动脉超声各项指标与脉压的相关性最强.结论 脉压与颈动脉粥样硬化和IMT相关,脉压增大可促进动脉粥样硬化的形成与发展.     

老年高血压患者颈动脉病变与前列腺良性增生的相关性研究

目的 探讨老年高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化与前列腺良性增生(BPH)的关系.方法 选择145例老年男性原发性高血压患者,所有患者均经超声检查前列腺及颅外段颈动脉,分为BPH和非BPH组(NBPH),比较两组的颈动脉斑块指数(PI)及颈总动脉(CCA)狭窄率.结果 BPH组114例,NBPH组31例.两组CCA的内-中膜厚度差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);BPH组CCA狭窄率及颈动脉PI,BPH组[35.1%、(6.11±2.26)分]高于NBPH组[12.9%、(5.06±1.73)分,P＜0.05].年龄、高尿酸血症、BPH均与CCA狭窄独立相关(P＜0.05);CCA狭窄患者并存BPH的发生率是非CCA狭窄患者的4.279倍(95%CI 1.214～15.084,P＜0.05).结论 高血压患者的颈动脉硬化与BPH可能具有相关性,BPH可能是高血压病的靶器官损害之一.