单皮下蒂V-Y推进皮瓣联合蒂部植皮修复指端软组织缺损

目的:探讨应用单皮下蒂V-Y推进皮瓣联合蒂部植皮修复指端缺损的手术方法及治疗效果。方法:2013年8月至2020年12月,对25例25指指端软组织缺损的患者,创面缺损的面积达0.8 cm×0.8 cm~1.6 cm×1.4 cm,采用单皮下蒂V-Y推进皮瓣联合蒂部植皮的方式进行修复,皮瓣在创面的掌侧或侧方切取,皮瓣切取...     

蒂部潜移法增加V—Y筋膜皮瓣的推进距离

为修复上肢中小创面提供一种Ｖ－Ｙ推进皮瓣。在邻近创面的健康皮肤，依纵行的筋膜皮下血管丛方向设计Ｖ－Ｙ筋膜皮瓣，通过对蒂部在深筋膜下间隙及皮下疏松组织中不同层次的潜行分离，即增加了皮瓣的推进距离，又不影响皮瓣的血供基础。     

超长宽比皮下筋膜蒂随意型皮瓣在小耳畸形矫正中耳甲腔创面修复的应用

目的 探讨超常规长宽比的狭长皮下筋膜蒂随意型皮瓣在轻度小耳畸形修复中耳甲腔创面的修复效果及其成活机制.方法 6例先天性轻度小耳畸形患者,均采用耳甲腔复合组织瓣上旋转移小耳畸形修复术,所形成的耳甲腔创面以设计不带知名血管的超长宽比耳前狭长皮下筋膜组织为蒂的侧颌颈部随意型皮瓣修复.皮瓣部最大面积4.0 cm×4.5 cm,最小3.0 cm×3.0 cm,蒂部宽1.0～1.5 cm,长3.5～4.5 cm.结果 6例狭长皮瓣全部成活,伤口Ⅰ期愈合,修复后局部外形满意.结论 设计的超长宽比皮下筋膜蒂皮瓣不带知名血管,且其总体长宽比例远远超过传统随意型皮瓣长宽比例的限度,无需解剖血管,操作简易,修复后外形满意,因而是修复轻度小耳畸形耳甲腔创面的可取皮瓣.     

小腿远端蒂穿支皮瓣修复足踝创面的蒂部改进

目的 介绍将小腿穿支蒂皮瓣的“孤立穿支蒂”改进为“穿支筋膜皮下蒂”的手术技术,探讨改善皮瓣静脉回流、提高临床可靠性的应用效果. 方法 依据小腿后侧穿支血管的位置,设计偏心的螺旋桨样岛状皮瓣.穿支血管轴点近侧的皮瓣头部(大桨)切为筋膜皮瓣,轴点与受区创面间的皮瓣尾部(小桨)切为真皮下血管网皮瓣,至少保留穿支血管蒂一侧1/4象限的筋膜皮下组织,形成“穿支筋膜皮下蒂”.自2008年1月至2010年12月,临床应用12例,旋转180°修复足踝创面.术后观测皮瓣肿胀程度和成活及功能恢复情况. 结果 本组胫后动脉穿支7例,腓动脉穿支5例,近侧筋膜皮瓣(大桨)面积4 cm×8 cm ～6 cm×18 cm,远侧真皮下血管网皮瓣(小桨)面积2 cm×2 cm～4 cm×4 cm.术后皮瓣肿胀较轻,按顾玉东法评定,9例低于2级,2例为3级,仅最大的1例为4级,皮瓣远端有部分浅层坏死.平均随访13个月,创面治愈.患者恢复行走和穿鞋功能. 结论 采用保留部分筋膜皮下组织的穿支蒂部改进法,在增加皮瓣静脉回流通道、降低术后肿胀程度、提高临床安全性的同时,皮瓣仍能获得180°的平滑旋转,效果优良,值得推广.     

第一跖背动脉筋膜蒂逆行皮瓣修复拇趾趾端缺损

目的探讨第一跖背动脉筋膜蒂逆行皮瓣修复拇趾趾端缺损临床效果。方法设计、切取第一跖背动脉筋膜蒂逆行皮瓣修复7例拇趾趾端缺损患者,缺损面积2 cm×2.5 cm~3 cm×3.5 cm,皮瓣大小2.5 cm×3cm~3.5 cm×4.5 cm。结果 7例均获随访,时间4~20个月,皮瓣均完全成活,患者拇趾趾端创面均获得良好覆盖,皮瓣质地、弹性、色泽均正常,耐磨、耐压。无溃疡发生。蒂部不臃肿。结论第一跖背动脉筋膜蒂逆行皮瓣修复拇趾趾端缺损手术相对简单、安全,皮瓣厚度适中、弹性好、色泽好、耐磨、耐压,可防止溃疡,临床效果满意。     

腓浅动脉皮支蒂V-Y推进皮瓣修复小腿小面积软组织缺损9例

目的探讨以腓浅动脉皮支为蒂的V-Y推进皮瓣修复小腿较小创面的手术方法及疗效。方法 2015年8月至2017年6月, 佛山市顺德区乐从医院手足整形外科对9例小腿前外侧创面采用以腓浅动脉皮支为蒂的V-Y推进皮瓣予以修复, 软组织缺损面积为3.0 cm×4.0 cm～4.0 cm×5.0 cm, 皮瓣切取面积为4.0 cm×8.0 cm～5.0 cm×9.0 cm, 供区直接缝合。术后门诊及微信视频随访。结果术后皮瓣完全成活, 创面及供区切口均一期愈合。患者出院后, 由手术负责人对患者进行6～12个月的随访, 所有患者均获得完整随访, 末次随访时皮瓣质地与周围组织接近, 皮瓣愈合后, 外形无臃肿, 采用英国医学研究会(BMRC)感觉功能评定标准评定皮瓣感觉, 患者的评分均达S3级。结论以腓浅动脉皮支为蒂的V-Y推进皮瓣修复小腿较小面积软组织损伤, 手术操作简单、安全可靠, 继发损伤小, 疗效确切。     

改良小腿筋膜蒂皮瓣修复皮肤缺损的临床应用

目的 探讨改良的小腿筋膜蒂皮瓣修复皮肤缺损的临床应用.方法 对6例小腿皮肤缺损钢板或骨外露创面患者,缺损面积：1.8 cm×3.0 cm～3.2 cm×6.5 cm,分别以改良的小腿筋膜蒂转移皮瓣修复,经过精确测量,将皮瓣通过皮下隧道转移至受区覆盖皮肤缺损创面,供区直接缝合.结果 6例皮瓣全部成活,供区仅线性瘢痕.术后随访2个月～2年,平均7个月,小腿功能良好,皮瓣外观满意,皮肤质地好.结论 改良的小腿筋膜蒂皮瓣在修复皮肤缺损的临床应用中是一种简单、安全、理想的手术方式.     

蒂部加强穿支血管的逆行腓肠神经营养血管筋膜皮瓣的应用

目的 报道蒂部加强穿支血管的逆行腓肠神经营养血管筋膜皮瓣的手术方法及临床应用效果.方法 切取腓肠神经营养血管筋膜皮瓣逆行转位修复肢体远端皮肤软组织缺损时,在蒂部或转轴点附近增加从深部血管发出的皮穿支以加强皮瓣的血供,提高手术成功率.结果 临床应用24例,皮瓣面积为25 cm×12 cm～8 cm×7 cm,创面面积为全足～7 cm×6 cm;修复范围:由踝部至全足底.24例皮瓣全部成活,无皮瓣肿胀及静脉淤血.随访6～12个月,皮瓣质地优良,外形与功能恢复满意.结论 筋膜蒂部加强穿支血管的逆行腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣,血供充足,增大了皮瓣的存活面积,提高了手术的成功率,为临床修复大面积软组织缺损提供了实用性的方法.     

小腿内侧逆行筋膜蒂皮瓣修复胫前踝足跟部软组织缺损

目的 探讨采用小腿内侧逆行筋膜蒂皮瓣修复胫前踝足跟部软组织缺损的临床疗效.方法 小腿中下段及踝足跟部软组织缺损的23例患者,其中小腿下段胫前8例,足跟部11例,足背部4例,软组织缺损面积为7 cm×5 cm～18 cm×10 cm,均采用小腿内侧筋膜蒂皮瓣逆行修复,皮瓣切取面积为12 cm×6 cm～23 cm×12 cm,逆行蒂宽4 cm以上.结果 随访4～17个月,皮瓣均成活,5例皮瓣远端部分坏死,所有皮瓣质地优良,外形恢复满意,患肢功能恢复满意.结论 小腿内侧逆行筋膜蒂皮瓣切取面积大,血供可靠,操作简单,不损伤主干血管,适合修复小腿中、下段及足踝部的皮肤软组织缺损创面,是临床治疗下肢较大面积软组织缺损安全有效的方法之一.     

远端蒂掌背动脉皮瓣覆盖手指创面

目的 探讨远端蒂掌背动脉皮瓣在手指创面覆盖中的价值和注意事项.方法 2001年12月至2009年10月共收治27例手指软组织缺损合并肌腱或骨骼外露患者,男18例,女9例;年龄15～58岁,平均32.5岁.创面面积为2 cm×1 cm～5 cm×4 cm,平均4 cm×3 cm.设计以远端血管为蒂的掌背动脉皮瓣逆行修复手指创面.皮瓣解剖层次位于皮下,远端部分带深筋膜包含皮支,皮瓣远端设计成"泪滴状"皮桥,做成远端隧道的顶,以减轻隧道对皮瓣蒂部血管的压力.皮瓣切取面积3 cm×2 cm～6cm×5 cm,平均切取面积5 cm×4 cm.供区创面采用全厚植皮覆盖.结果 27例皮瓣均顺利成活,手指创面覆盖满意,供区植皮成活良好.结论 采用逆行掌背动脉皮瓣可以修复手指任意部位的创面,且手术操作简便.     

带膝上外侧动脉蒂逆行股前外侧岛状皮瓣和肌皮瓣临床应用

目的：报道带膝上外侧动脉蒂逆行股前外侧皮瓣修复膝关节周围组织缺损的结果。方法：应用股前外侧皮瓣和肌皮瓣逆行转移修复膝关节周围缺损，该皮瓣以膝上外侧动脉为蒂，通过膝上外则动脉与旋股外侧动脉降支之间的吻合支营养股前外侧皮瓣，血供丰富。皮瓣大小１２～１５ｃｍ×３～７ｃｍ，供区均原位缝合，结果：修复膝关节周围缺损４例，小腿淋巴水肿桥接淋巴通道１例，皮瓣均成活。术后外形及功能恢复良好。结论：作者认为该皮瓣是膝关节周围组织缺损修复较为理想的方法。     

皮神经营养血管组织瓣的临床应用原则与命名

目的 探讨皮神经营养血管组织瓣的临床应用原则，并提出新的命名方法。方法 总结皮神经营养血管组织瓣的解剖研究和临床经验。结果 皮神经多与皮静脉伴行，在其周围均存在丰富的链式吻合血管丛，显著增加了这类组织瓣的血供。临床以远端(31例)或近端(3例)为蒂，在前臂(26例)和小腿(8例)切取带皮神经和皮静脉营养血管的岛状筋膜皮瓣(20例)和筋膜皮下组织瓣(14例)共34例，长宽比例2．7～5．1：1，平均3．5：1，完全成活。结论 带皮神经营养血管的组织瓣是传统筋膜皮瓣和筋膜皮下组织瓣的特殊范例，临床应用应遵循一定的原则。     

小腿前外侧的皮瓣及筋膜瓣的临床应用

目的介绍小腿前外侧的皮瓣筋膜瓣的应用解剖、手术方式、方法及临床应用。方法在14侧成人下肢标本及1条断腿上,观察了腓浅血管的起始部位、行程及皮支的分布情况,设计了小腿前外侧组织瓣的4种术式。1988年以来,临床应用26例。结果术后皮瓣筋膜瓣全部成活,切口Ⅰ期愈合23例,Ⅱ期愈合3例,20例随访4个月到5年,情况稳定良好,无复发。结论手术操作简单、安全可靠,对供区影响小,是修复小腿及对侧踝及跟部后方创面及治疗胫骨慢性骨髓炎的一种可供选用的方法。     

Distally based perforator sural flaps for foot and ankle reconstruction

Distally based perforator sural flaps from the posterolateral or posteromedial lower leg aspect are initially a neurofasciocutaneous flap that can be transferred reversely to the foot and ankle region with no need to harvest and sacrifice the deep major artery. These flaps are supplied by a perforating artery issued from the deep peroneal artery or the posterior tibial artery, and the chain-linked adipofascial neurovascular axis around the sural/saphenous nerve. It is a versatile and reliable technique for soft-tissue reconstruction of the heel and ankle region with 180-degrees rotation. In this paper, we present its developing history, vascular basis, surgical techniques including flap design and elevation, flap variations in pedicle and component, surgical indications, and illustrative case reports with different perforating vessels as pivot points for foot and ankle coverage.     

The medial femoral trochlea flap with a monitor skin island—Report of two cases

In this report, we present two cases of the bony reconstruction with the medial trochlea (MFT) flap including a skin island that was used to monitor the perfusion of flap in the postoperative period. Between March 2013 and April 2015, we performed surgery on two patients who suffered from scaphoid and talus non‐union after trauma and initial treatment by osteosynthesis. A skin island (1 cm × 1 cm and 3 cm × 1 cm, respectively) was included with the osseous flap (1.6 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm and 2 cm × 3 cm × 2 cm, respectively) to assess the perfusion of the flap. The design of the skin island was based on either the saphenous artery perforator or a cutaneous perforator of the descending genicular artery. Both flaps remained viable throughout the postoperative period, and there were no donor site complications. After a follow‐up of 36 and 11 months, bony union was observed in both patients with a high degree of satisfaction. Thus, a MFT flap with a skin island could be a tool to assess the perfusion of the flap in the early postoperative period. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 37:431–435, 2017.     

Experience with the forearm septofascial flap

Summary Fascia has a well vascularized surface, and when it is covered with a split skin graft, it provides the thinnest possible flap. The authors present their own experience with the use of the forearm septofascial flap in 23 patients. A free septofascial flap was used in 15 patients and an island flap in 8 patients. Seven days later, only 25% of the patients had complete take of the split skin graft, while in 60% of the cases, there was only partial take of the graft. The results at 6 months, regarding appearance of the flap and donor site, were good. In 2 patients, a composite osteofascial flap was used for reconstruction of the mandible. In those patients, the viability of the bone was assessed with scintigraphy. There were no significant complications with the donor site. The forearm septofascial flap proved to be a good and reliable method of reconstruction in those parts of the body where thin cover was required. Constant anatomy and minimal postoperative complications are great advantages of the forearm septofascial flap when compared with other fascial flaps.     

Distally based perforator flaps for reconstruction of post-traumatic defects of the lower leg and foot. A review of the anatomy and clinical outcomes

Study aims

To report the surgical anatomy of the perforator arteries at the lower leg, analyse clinical outcomes in previous studies, and forward methodological recommendations for future studies of post-traumatic perforator flap reconstructions.

Methods

A study sample of 640 human patients drawn from 24 clinical reports was included for review. The sample comprised of four subsets: sural flap reconstructions (n = 257), saphenous flaps (n = 122), supramalleolar flaps (n = 92), and propeller flaps (n = 169).

Results

Statistical analysis of samples from anatomical studies documents significant differences in the perforator distribution from the tibial and peroneal artery; peroneal perforator arteries are randomly organised whereas tibial artery perforators are clustered at three definite levels. The failure rates in clinical studies ranged from 0% to 6%, being lowest for supramalleolar flap reconstructions and highest for saphenous flaps; however, differences between the four subsets were not statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. Due to methodological flaws, outcome comparisons in the actual study sample should be interpreted cautiously; in most clinical studies both risk variables and outcome indicators are poorly defined. The outcome of Dynamic Infrared Thermography imaging of post-transposition changes of flap perfusion is reported.

Summary

Fasciocutaneous perforator flaps seem to have high survival rates and represent a feasible approach to post-traumatic reconstructions, especially in low-resource settings. A template for data gathering is recommended for higher accuracy in future comparative studies, and for scientific analysis of success and risk factors. New imaging techniques indicate a promising potential of micro-circular angiogenesis during the first two weeks after flap transpose.