胡黄连提取物对四氯化碳或半乳糖胺损伤的原代培养大鼠肝实质细胞的作用

为研究胡黄连提取物对四氯化碳(CCI4）或半乳糖胺(D-GaIN）损伤原代培养大鼠肝实质细胞的保护作用。半原位酶分离法分离大鼠肝细胞。利用CC44或D-GaIN引起原代培养大鼠肝实质细胞损伤模型。以培养液中谷丙转氨酶(ALT）活性变化为指标。并采用MTT法对细胞活性和增殖进行检测。结果：胡黄连提取物能够增强受损肝细胞的活性和增殖能力。但不能显著降低CCI4或D-GaIN肝损伤模型ALT活性。     

尾穗苋甲醇提取物对扑热息痛致大鼠肝损伤的保护作用（英文）

目的：检测尾穗苋（Amaranthus caudatus）甲醇提取物对扑热息痛致大鼠肝损伤的保护作用。方法：5组大鼠分别给予羧甲基纤维素钠、扑热息痛、尾穗苋甲醇提取物（200或400mg/kg）并扑热息痛、水飞蓟素并扑热息痛。给药14d后采集大鼠血样进行血液生化检查,而后处死大鼠,收集各组大鼠肝脏组织样本供组织病理学检查。检测的指标包括肝功能标志物如丙氨酸氨基转移酶（alanine aminotransferase,ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（aspartate aminotransferase,AST）、血清白蛋白（albumin,ALB）、总蛋白（total protein,TP）、总胆红素（total bilirubin,TB）和直接胆红素（direct bilirubin,DB）及氧化损伤标志物如丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）、还原型谷胱甘肽（reduced glutathione,GSH）、总硫醇（total thiols,TT）和过氧化氢酶（catalase,CAT）。结果：与未治疗组相比,浓度为200和400mg/kg的尾穗苋甲醇提取物均能显著改善由扑热息痛引起的大鼠肝损伤,改善扑热息痛导致的ALT、AST、TB和DB水平升高及血清ALB水平降低（P〈0.01）。与未治疗组相比,浓度为200和400mg/kg的尾穗苋甲醇提取物能够显著降低扑热息痛导致的MDA及TP水平增高（P〈0.01）,并显著升高GSH、CAT及TT水平（P〈0.01）。大鼠肝脏组织病理学检查的结果也证实了尾穗苋甲醇提取物对大鼠肝脏的保护作用。结论：本研究证实了尾穗苋的甲醇提取物对于扑热息痛引起的大鼠肝损伤具有显著的保护作用,证实了其在民族医学中治疗肝病的药用价值。     

Hepatoprotective activity of Hepax-A polyherbal formulation

Objective

To evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of Hepax, a polyherbal formulation, against three experimentally induced hepatotoxicity models in rats.

Methods

Hepatoprotective activity of Hepax was studied against three experimentally induced hepatotoxicity models, namely, carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄), paracetamol and thiocetamide induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

Results

Administration of hepatotoxins (CCl₄, paracetamol and thiocetamide) showed significant morphological, biochemical and histological deteriorations in the liver of experimental animals. Pretreatment with Hepax had significant protection against hepatic damage by maintaining the morphological parameters (liver weight and liver weight to organ weight ratio) within normal range and normalizing the elevated levels of biochemical parameters (SGPT, SGOT, ALP and total bilirubin), which were evidently showed in histopathological study.

Conclusions

The Hepax has highly significant hepatoprotective effect at 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o. on the liver of all the three experimental animal models.     

三白草酮衍生物的合成及其保肝活性研究

目的对三白草中具有保肝活性的成分三白草酮进行结构修饰,意图得到保肝活性更强的衍生物。方法以三白草酮为原料,在四氢呋喃-甲醇碱性体系中,用NaBH4将C-2’羰基还原为羟基得衍生物A;再以乙酸酐为乙酰化试剂,DMAP为催化剂,吡啶为溶剂将该羟基酰化得衍生物B。以四氯化碳小鼠急性肝损伤模型考察衍生物的保肝降酶活性。结果得到2个尚未见文献报导的三白草酮衍生物A和B,其结构经1 H NMR,13 C NMR和Q-TOF-MS确定。药理实验表明A的降酶效果比三白草酮要好,B与三白草酮相当。结论将三白草酮中羰基还原为羟基能增强降酶活性,该羟基酰化后降酶活性与三白草酮相当。     

Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of a mangrove plant Lumnitzera racemosa

Objective

To identify the hepatoprotective and in vitro antioxidant activity of Lumnitzera racemosa (L. racemosa) leaf extract.

Methods

Animals in Group 1 served as vehicle control, Group 2 served as hepatotoxin (CCL₄ treated) group, Group 3 served as positive control (Silymarin) group, and Group 4, 5 and 6 served as (75, 150 and 300 mg/kg bw p.o.) L. racemosa leaf extract treated groups. Moreover, in vitro antioxidant DPPH, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (HRSA), NO, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), lipid hydroperoxide (LPO) and super oxide dismutase (SOD) were also analyzed for the leaf extract.

Results

The levels of the serum parameters such as serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, cholesterol (CHL), sugar and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly increased in CCL₄ treated rats when compared with the control group (P<0.05). But the L. racemosa leaf extract treated rats showed maximum reduction of SGOT [(210.36±19.63) IU/L], SGPT [(82.37±13.87) IU/L], ALP [(197.63±23.43) IU/L], bilurubin [(2.15±0.84) mg/dL], cholesterol [(163.83±15.63) mg/dL], sugar [(93.00±7.65) mg/dL] and LDH [(1134.00±285.00) IU/L] were observed with the high dose (300 mg/kg bw) of leaf extract treated rats. Histopathological scores showed that, no visible changes were observed with high dose (300 mg/kg bw) of leaf extract treated rats except few mild necrosis. The IC₅₀ values were observed as (56.37±4.87) µg/mL, (57.68±1.98) µg/mL, (64.15±2.90) µg/mL, (61.94±3.98) µg/mL, (94.53±1.68) µg/mL and (69.7±2.65) µg/mL for DPPH, HRSA, NO, FRAP, LPO and SOD radical scavenging activities, respectively.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the hepatoprotective effect of the L. racemosa leaf extract might be due to the presence of phenolic groups, terpenoids and alkaloids and in vitro antioxidant properties.     

高活性小牛血去蛋白提取物对四氯化碳致急性肝损伤模型小鼠的保护作用

目的：观察小牛血去蛋白提取物（DECB）对四氯化碳（CCl₄）所致肝损伤小鼠的保护作用,初步探讨其作用机制。方法：健康ICR种小鼠40只,随机分组法分为对照组、模型组、DECB组和阳性药物组,每组10只。各组小鼠腹腔灌胃给药,对照组和模型组小鼠给予生理盐水20 mL·kg^-1,DECB组小鼠给予DECB 1 g·kg^-1,阳性药物组小鼠给予护肝片0.63 g·kg^-1,每天1次,连续30d;末次给药2 h后,对照组小鼠腹腔注射调和油溶液,其余各组小鼠腹腔注射10% CCl₄调和油溶液（10 mL·kg^-1）并禁食,建立CCl₄致急性肝损伤模型。测定各组小鼠血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）活性和肝组织总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）及丙二醛（MDA）水平;HE染色法观察小鼠肝组织病理表现;TUNEL方法检测小鼠肝细胞凋亡。结果：与模型组比较,DECB组和阳性药物组小鼠血清中ALT和AST活性及肝组织中MDA和GSH水平明显降低（P<0.05）,T-SOD水平明显升高（P<0.05）;与模型组比较,DECB组和阳性药物组小鼠肝组织病理学损伤明显减轻,凋亡细胞数明显减少。结论：DECB对CCl₄诱导急性肝损伤小鼠具有保护作用,可以增强肝脏抗氧化能力,抑制肝细胞凋亡,其机制可能与减少氧自由基和抑制脂质过氧化有关。     

Hepatoprotective activity of Musa paradisiaca on experimental animal models

Objective

To investigate the hepatoprotective activity of stem of Musa paradisiaca (M. paradisiaca) in CCl₄ and paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity models in rats.

Methods

Hepatoprotective activity of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of stem of M. paradisiaca was demonstrated by using two experimentally induced hepatotoxicity models.

Results

Administration of hepatotoxins (CCl₄ and paracetamol) showed significant biochemical and histological deteriorations in the liver of experimental animals. Pretreatment with alcoholic extract (500 mg/kg), more significantly and to a lesser extent the alcoholic extract (250 mg/kg) and aqueous extract (500 mg/kg), reduced the elevated levels of the serum enzymes like serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin levels and alcoholic and aqueous extracts reversed the hepatic damage towards the normal, which further evidenced the hepatoprotective activity of stem of M. paradisiaca.

Conclusions

The alcoholic extract at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o. and aqueous extract at a dose of 500 mg/kg, p.o. of stem of M. paradisiaca have significant effect on the liver of CCl₄ and paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity animal models.     

Antidiarrhoeal activity of leaf methanolic extract of Rauwolfia serpentina

Objective

To evaluate the antidiarrhoeal property of methanol extract of the leaves of Rauwolfia serpentina (R. serpentina) in experimental diarrhoea induced by castor oil in mice.

Methods

Doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg R. serpentina leaf methanol extracts were administered to castor oil induced diarrhoea mice to determine its antidiarrhoeal activity.

Results

All doses of the extract and the reference drug atropine sulphate (3 mg/kg, i.p.) produced a dose-dependent reduction in intestinal weight and fluid volume. The extracts also significantly reduced the intestinal transit in charcoal meal test when compared to diphenoxylate Hcl (5 mg/kg, p.o.).

Conclusions

The results show that the extract of R. serpentina leaves has a significant antidiarrhoeal activity and supports its traditional uses in herbal medicine.     

外源性核苷酸对小鼠非酒精性肝损伤保护作用初探

目的 初步探讨外源性5'-核苷酸对小鼠非酒精性肝损伤的保护作用。方法 将75只雌性ICR小鼠根据体质量分为5组:模型对照组、低剂量核苷酸组、中剂量核苷酸组、高剂量核苷酸组和空白对照组。经口给予外源性5'-核苷酸(40、160、640 mg/kg),实验持续30 d。于实验第30天将各组动物隔夜禁食16 h,模型对照组及各剂量组动物经口一次性给予1% 四氯化碳致急性肝损伤模型,空白对照组给玉米油,受试组继续给予受试样品,次日处死动物,测定血清转氨酶并取肝脏做病理。结果 受试物组小鼠血清转氨酶活性低于模型对照组,同时肝细胞坏死程度减轻,各种类型病理变化的总评分低于模型组。结论 外源性5'-核苷酸对小鼠非酒精性肝损伤具有潜在保护作用。     

Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Gray dry flowers

ObjectiveTo evaluate the antioxidant activity of extracts of dried flowers of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Gray (T. diversifolia) dry flower-a shrubby plant belonging to the Asteraceae family and very common in Brazil, providing data to help prevent premature aging skin.MethodsThe tests of phytochemical screening included total phenols, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins. The active antioxidant was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl method.ResultsThe phytochemical screening of T. diversifolia dry flowers revealed the presence of phenolic compounds (tannins, flavonoids and total phenols), while alkaloids and saponins were not detected. The IC₅₀ values showed a strong antioxidant activity of the plant extracts.ConclusionsTherefore, this study suggests the possibility of using dry flowers extracts of T. diversifolia for the prevention of cell aging, as was shown to have significant antioxidant activity.     

草棉花总黄酮对小鼠免疫性肝损伤的保护作用

目的: 研究草棉花花瓣不同提取物FGF Ⅰ、FGF -Ⅱ对小鼠免疫性肝损伤的保护作用。方法:采用卡介苗(BCG)+脂多糖(LPS)造成免疫性肝损伤动物模型,观察本品对小鼠血清ALT、AST 活性及肝组织匀浆SOD、MDA、GSH PX、NO水平的影响,并观察肝组织病理学改变。结果: FGF -Ⅱ可明显降低小鼠血清中ALT、AST活性,同时能减少肝匀浆MDA、NO含量,并能使降低的肝匀浆SOD、GSH PX活性升高。FGF -Ⅱ小剂量可使肝脏脏器系数降低。FGF -Ⅰ不同剂量可以降低ALT活性,但不能降低AST活性,大剂量可降低MDA含量,而对肝组织匀浆其它指标FGF- Ⅰ不同剂量均没有作用。结论: FGF -Ⅱ有明显的保肝作用,FGF- Ⅰ虽有一定的保肝作用,但效果不如FGF- Ⅱ。     

Hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory properties of aqueous extract of Curcuma longa in carbon tetra chloride intoxicated Swiss albino mice

Objective

To evaluate the hepatoprotective and immunotherapeutic effects of aqueous extract of turmeric rhizome in CCl₄ intoxicated Swiss albino mice.

Methods

First group of mice (n=5) received CCl₄ treatment at a dose of 0.5 mL/kg bw (i.p.) for 7 days. Second group was fed orally the aqueous extract of turmeric at a dose of 50 mg/kg bw for 15 days. The third group was given both the turmeric extract (for 15 days, orally) and CCl₄ (for last 7 days, i.p.). The fourth group was kept as a control. To study the liver function, the transaminase enzymes (SGOT and SGPT) and bilirubin level were measured in the serum of respective groups. For assaying the immunotherapeutic action of Curcuma longa (C. longa), non specific host response parameters like morphological alteration, phagocytosis, nitric oxide release, myeloperoxidase release and intracellular killing capacity of peritoneal macrophages were studied from the respective groups.

Results

The result of present study suggested that CCl₄ administration increased the level of SGOT and SGPT and bilirubin level in serum. However, the aqueous extract of turmeric reduced the level of SGOT, SGPT and bilirubin in CCl₄ intoxicated mice. Apart from damaging the liver system, CCl₄ also reduced non specific host response parameters like morphological alteration, phagocytosis, nitric oxide release, myeloperoxidase release and intracellular killing capacity of peritoneal macrophages. Administration of aqueous extract of C. longa offered significant protection from these damaging actions of CCl₄ on the non specific host response in the peritoneal macrophages of CCl₄ intoxicated mice.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the present study suggests that C. longa has immunotherapeutic properties along with its ability to ameliorate hepatotoxicity.     

黄芪酒精提取液对大鼠骨骼肌收缩力的影响

[目的]探讨黄芪酒精提取液对大鼠骨骼肌收缩力的影响.[方法]灌胃给予200 mg/kg黄芪酒精提取液2周后,观察大鼠坐骨神经受刺激后腓肠肌及比目鱼肌的收缩力.[结果]黄芪酒精提取液缩短腓肠肌及比目鱼肌单收缩和完全性强直收缩潜伏期,增加单收缩最大收缩幅度,延长最大收缩时间及最大舒张时间;增加完全性强直收缩的最大收缩度,延长最大收缩时间.[结论]黄芪酒精提取液可增强大鼠骨骼肌的收缩力.     

金线莲乙醇提取物抗氧化作用的研究

目的 探讨金线莲(Anoectochilus Formosanus,AF) 乙醇提取物对自然衰老模型小鼠抗氧化作用及其体外抗氧化活性的影响.方法 取8月龄(老龄)KM小鼠75只,按体质量随机分为5组:自然衰老组、阳性对照组(维生素E组:0.1 g/kg)、AF乙醇提取物高剂量组(4 g/kg)、AF乙醇提取物中剂量组(2 g/kg)、AF乙醇提取物低剂量组(1 g/kg).各组动物每日给予相应剂量的药物,自然衰老组给予等体积的生理盐水,连续给药30 d.于给药前、给药14 d、给药28d测定小鼠体质量.实验结束时,测定受试动物血清与肝脏中MDA、GSH-PX、SOD水平.采用总抗氧化能力、羟基自由基(·OH)、超氧阴离子(O-·2)的反应体系,考察金线莲乙醇提取物的体外抗氧化能力.结果 与自然衰老组比较,给药前、给药14 d、28 d各组动物体质量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);维生素E组和AF乙醇提取物高、中、低剂量组血中GSH-PX和T-SOD的活力明显升高(P<0.01或P<0.05);维生素E组和AF乙醇提取物高、中剂量组血清MDA的含量降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05);维生素E组和AF乙醇提取物高剂量组肝中GSH-PX和SOD的活力显著升高(P<0.01)、MDA含量明显降低(P<0.01),AF乙醇提取物中剂量组肝中SOD的活力升高(P<0.05)、MDA含量明显降低(P<0.01).金线莲乙醇提取物在一定浓度范围内清除·OH、O-·2的能力及总抗氧化能力均呈量效关系;金线莲乙醇提取物对·OH、O-·2的IC50分别为5.5 mg/mL、12.5 mg/mL.结论 金线莲乙醇提取物具有一定的体内外抗氧化作用.     

Antifungal activity of Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa (Rutaceae) leaf extract on dermatophytes

Objective

To evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of Aegle marmelos leaf extracts and fractions on the clinical isolates of dermatophytic fungi like Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum and Epidermophyton floccosum.

Methods

The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of various extracts and fractions of the leaves of Aegle marmelos were measured using method of National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS).

Results

Aegle marmelos leaf extracts and fractions were found to have fungicidal activity against various clinical isolates of dermatophytic fungi. The MIC and MFC was found to be high in water and ethyl alcohol extracts and methanol fractions (200µg/mL) against dermatophytic fungi studied.

Conclusions

Aegle marmelos leaf extracts significantly inhibites the growth of all dermatophytic fungi studied. If this activity is confirmed by in vivo studies and if the compound is isolated and identified, it could be a remedy for dermatophytosis.     

Phytochemical and anti-bacterial activity of epidermal glands extract of Christella parasitica (L.) H. Lev.

Objective

To study the morphology, biochemistry and bioactivity of the epidermal glands of the glandular morphotype of Christella parasitica (C. parasitica) (L.) H. Lev.

Methods

Morphological studies on epidermal glands were carried out by using light microscope and scanning electron microscope. To prepare the extract, the shade-dried fronds of glandular morphotype were soaked in acetone. For antibacterial studies paper disc method was followed by using various pathogenic bacteria.

Results

Detailed micromorphological, phytochemical and bioactivity studies on a medicinal fern C. parasitica (L.) H. Lev. showed its intraspecific variation in antibacterial activity. The presence or absence of the epidermal glands was the key factor for antibacterial activity in the morphovariants of this species. The epidermal glands were orange-coloured, stalked and elongated ones of about 84.2 µm × 45 µm, and distributed on the undersurface of costa, costules and veins in croziers, young and mature leaves. Frequency of glands varied from 15/cm on costa in mature leaves to 140/cm on costules in croziers. The acetone extract of the glands showed antibacterial activities and also toxic effect against mosquito larvae and tadpoles of frog. Preliminary phytochemical analysis and HPLC studies of the gland extract showed the presence of various kinds of terpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins and flavonoids in it.

Conclusions

The present study shows that epidermal glands of the glandular morphotype of C. parasitica (L.) H. Lev. have several bioactive compounds and such rare morphovariant should be conserved in nature. The next step is to isolate the pure compounds and to screen the bioactivity of individual compounds of the epidermal glands.     

In vitro antibacterial activity of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis flower extract against human pathogens

Objective

To access the in vitro antibacterial activity of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (H. rosa- sinensis) flower extract against human pathogens.

Methods

Antibacterial activity was evaluated by using disc and agar diffusion methods. The protein was run through poly acrylmide gel electrophoresis to view their protein profile.

Results

The results showed that the cold extraction illustrates a maximum zone of inhibition against Bacillus subtillis (B. subtillis), Escherichia coli (E. coli) viz., (17.00 ± 2.91), (14.50 ± 1.71) mm, followed by hot extraction against, E. coli, Salmonella sp. as (11.66 ± 3.14), (10.60 ± 3.09) mm. In methanol extraction showed a highest zone of inhibition recorded against B. subtillis, E. coli as (18.86 ± 0.18), (18.00 ± 1.63) mm pursued by ethanol extraction showed utmost zone of inhibition recorded against Salmonella sp. at (20.40 ± 1.54) mm. The crude protein from flower showed a maximum inhibitory zone observed against Salmonella sp., E. coli viz., (16.55 ± 1.16), (14.30 ± 2.86) mm. The flower material can be taken as an alternative source of antibacterial agent against the human pathogens.

Conclusions

The extracts of the H. rosa-sinensis are proved to have potential antibacterial activity, further studies are highly need for the drug development.     

帚状江蓠乙醇提取物对小鼠Ehrlich腹水癌的抑制作用

目的:探讨帚状江蓠乙醇提取物对小鼠Ehrlich腹水癌的抑制作用.方法:通过向小鼠腹腔注射Ehrlich腹水癌细胞建立肿瘤模型.为了解帚状江蓠乙醇提取物的口服急性毒性,在造模后24 h,给予实验小鼠口服不同剂量的帚状江蓠乙醇提取物,观察小鼠存活时间.其次,通过检测Ehrlich腹水癌荷瘤小鼠生存时间、体外细胞毒性、血清生物学指标以及肝脏酶水平等来评估帚状江蓠的抗肿瘤作用.结果:与模型对照组相比,帚状江蓠乙醇提取物不仅抑制了肿瘤的形成,也延长了Ehrlich腹水癌荷瘤小鼠的生存时间(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).帚状江蓠乙醇提取物可逆转Ehrlich腹水癌荷瘤小鼠各项生物学指标及肝脏酶水平的变化.结论:本研究表明,海藻类植物帚状江蓠具有抗肿瘤作用,且其抗肿瘤的效果可能与服用剂量有关.     

帚状江蓠乙醇提取物对小鼠Ehrlich腹水癌的抑制作用

目的：探讨帚状江蓠乙醇提取物对小鼠Ehrlich腹水癌的抑制作用。方法：通过向小鼠腹腔注射Ehrlich腹水癌细胞建立肿瘤模型。为了解帚状江蓠乙醇提取物的口服急性毒性,在造模后24h,给予实验小鼠口服不同剂量的帚状江蓠乙醇提取物,观察小鼠存活时间。其次,通过检测Ehrlich腹水癌荷瘤小鼠生存时间、体外细胞毒性、血清生物学指标以及肝脏酶水平等来评估帚状江蓠的抗肿瘤作用。结果：与模型对照组相比,帚状江蓠乙醇提取物不仅抑制了肿瘤的形成,也延长了Ehrlich腹水癌荷瘤小鼠的生存时间（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。帚状江蓠乙醇提取物可逆转Ehrlich腹水癌荷瘤小鼠各项生物学指标及肝脏酶水平的变化。结论：本研究表明,海藻类植物帚状江蓠具有抗肿瘤作用,且其抗肿瘤的效果可能与服用剂量有关。     

Antimicrobial activity of green tea extract against isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Objective

To evaluate antibacterial activity of the Indonesian water soluble green tea extract, Camellia sinensis, against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (MRSA) and multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR-P. aeruginosa).

Methods

Antimicrobial activity of green tea extract was determined by the disc diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the twofold serial broth dilutions method. The tested bacteria using in this study were the standard strains and multi-drug resistant clinical isolates of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, obtained from Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia.

Results

The results showed that the inhibition zone diameter of green tea extracts for S. aureus ATCC 25923 and MRSA were (18.970±0.287) mm, and (19.130±0.250) mm respectively. While the inhibition zone diameter for P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and MDR-P. aeruginosa were (17.550±0.393) mm and (17.670±0.398) mm respectively. The MIC of green tea extracts against S. aureus ATCC 25923 and MRSA were 400 µg/mL and 400 µg/mL, respectively, whereas the MIC for P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and MDR-P. aeruginosa were 800 µg/mL, and 800 µg/mL, respectively.

Conclusions

Camellia sinensis leaves extract could be useful in combating emerging drug-resistance caused by MRSA and P. aeruginosa.