三维薄层动态增强MRI在原发性Budd-Chiari综合征诊断及其分型中的价值

目的：探讨三维薄层动态增强MRI检查对原发性Budd-Chiari综合征的显示和分型价值。方法：14例原发性Budd-Chiari综合征患者均行MRI检查,采用肝脏加速容积采集序列（LAVA）,分析图像质量及其对下腔静脉、肝静脉和侧支循环的显示情况。结果：14例中下腔静脉阻塞型4例,其中膜型1例,节段性3例;肝静脉阻塞型5例;混合型阻塞5例。尾状叶增大9例,肝实质强化不均匀8例,5例显示有副肝静脉,7例可见肝内侧支血管,9例可见肝外侧支血管。结论：三维薄层动态增强MRI技术能清楚显示肝静脉和下腔静脉的正常解剖和各种病变,对诊断原发性Budd-Chiari综合征的病变部位、程度、侧支分布及分型均具有较高价值。     

Budd-Chiari综合征:国人病变肝静脉分布的影像学研究

目的 探讨国人Budd-Chiari综合征(BCS)发生肝静脉(HV)阻塞的类型与范围.资料与方法 前瞻性研究231例BCS患者的彩色多普勒超声(US)、多层螺旋CT血管成像(MSCTA)、磁共振血管成像(MRA)和数字减影血管造影(DSA)等多种血管成像技术联合诊断的资料,其中男142例、女89例,年龄12-72岁、平均(41.45± 10.33)岁.结果 231例BCS共有HV受累226例(占97.84%),其中HV与下腔静脉同时受累193例(占83.55%),单纯HV阻塞型33例(占14.29%).下腔静脉与HV复合阻塞193例中,左、中、右三支HV均阻塞者130例(占67.35%);左和中两支HV阻塞者5l例(26.42%).单纯性HV阻塞33例中,左、中、右三支主HV全部受累达32例(占96.97%).结论 国人BCS的HV阻塞率高达97.84%,病变分型中,以HV和下腔静脉的混合型阻塞最多见(83.55%).     

MRI肝脏加速容积采集成像在评估布-加综合征侧支循环中的价值

【摘要】目的：探讨3.0 T MRI肝脏加速容积采集（LAVA）技术在评估布-加综合征（BCS）患者侧支循环中的价值。方法：搜集经数字减影血管造影（DSA）确诊的40例BCS患者,回顾性分析其MRI LAVA 影像资料,计算LAVA对BCS分型的诊断符合率;分析LAVA对常见肝内外侧支循环的检出率及侧支循环与BCS分型的相关性;采用Kappa检验评估 LAVA与DSA对直径≥3.0mm副肝静脉的检出一致性。结果：LAVA诊断下腔静脉阻塞型18例,肝静脉阻塞型13例,混合型 9例;DSA证实下腔静脉阻塞型18例,肝静脉阻塞型15例,混合型7例;MRI LAVA对BCS分型的诊断符合率为95.0%（38/40）。LAVA显示奇/半奇静脉扩张33例（82.5%）,副肝静脉扩张22例（55.0%）,腹壁浅静脉扩张19例（47.5%）,肝内交通支静脉扩张17例（42.5%）,膈下静脉扩张9例（22.5%）。奇/半奇静脉侧支主要存在于下腔静脉梗阻型和混合型BCS（P＜0.01,相关程度为0.595）,而副肝静脉侧支主要存在于混合型BCS（P＜0.01,相关程度为0.426）。LAVA检出副肝静脉31支,平均管径为（7.1±3.4）mm,LAVA与DSA对副肝静脉检出的一致性较好（Kappa值=0.767）。结论：MRI LAVA扫描技术在BCS分型诊断、侧支循环评估中具有重要价值,能为临床BCS的诊疗提供有用信息。     

Budd-Chiari综合征:下腔静脉阻塞膜与肝静脉的位置关系研究

目的 探讨BuddGAAB2Chiari综合征(BCS)可能的发病机制.方法 35例下腔静脉膜性病变的BCS患者,术前1周内行MRI检查,术中进行DSA造影,观察下腔静脉阻塞膜与肝静脉的位置关系.结果 35例患者中,3支肝静脉均通畅者7例,膜位于肝静脉开口以上者6例,以下者1例;肝右静脉通畅而肝左、中静脉病变者24例,膜位于肝右静脉开口以上;肝右静脉病变而肝左、中静脉通畅者1例,膜位于肝左、中静脉开口以下.3支肝静脉均有病变者3例,阻塞膜位于3支肝静脉开口部位.结论 下腔静脉膜性病变患者以合并肝右静脉通畅而肝左、中静脉病变多见,推测血流动力学原因为其重要的始动因素.     

布-加氏综合征的腔静脉造影与B超诊断对照分析

目的　探讨B超及下腔静脉造影检查在布—加氏综合征临床诊断中的准确性和实用价值。方法　 42例病人均于血管造影前行下腔静脉或肝部的B超扫描。血管造影采用Seldinger法行单向 ( 14例 )或双向 ( 2 8例 )下腔静脉插管法 ,并快速摄片观察。结果　B超发现下腔静脉节段性或膜性阻塞 18例 ,下腔静脉入口处狭窄 2 4例。其中伴有单纯性肝右静脉狭窄或 (和 )阻塞 2 0例 ,肝左静脉狭窄 8例 ,肝中静脉狭窄 12例。肝左—中、中—右肝静脉之间形成交通支血管各 8例 ,左—中—右之间形成网状交通血管 8例。 5例下腔静脉轻度狭窄 ,血流通畅。下腔静脉造影示 12例下腔静脉近端狭窄 ,30例呈节段性或膜性完全阻塞。肝中静脉和肝右静脉显影各 8例 ,余 2 6例肝静脉均未显影。有 2 6例见明显的侧枝循环形成 ,且可见有侧枝循环血管呈瘤样扩张。结论　B超作为一种简便易行的无创伤性检查是筛选病人的首选方法。下腔静脉造影是布—加氏综合征的确诊手段 ,对完全性节段或膜性阻塞者行双向下腔静脉造影是十分必要的 ,尤其是欲行介入治疗者更是如此。     

Budd-Chiari综合征介入术前MRI检查的价值

目的：评价Budd-Chiari综合征介入术前MRI检查的价值。方法：有MRI资料的Budd-Chiari综合征病例14例（其中12例行介入诊疗），观察下腔静脉、肝静脉、副肝静脉和侧支循环的表现，结合DSA表现和介入治疗方法讨论MRI的临床应用价值。结果：MRI正确地诊断了下腔静脉膜性和节段性病变，但未能进一步区分重度膜性狭窄和闭塞。MRI较好地判断了肝静脉和副肝静脉的通畅情况。MRI对肝内、外侧支血管的显示较为全面。结论：术前MRI能正确评估Budd-Chiari综合征指导介入治疗。     

Budd-Chiari综合征:肝静脉CT、MRI对比分析

目的比较CT和MRI在Budd-Chiari综合征诊断中对肝静脉病变及肝外侧支血管的显示能力。资料与方法对30例Budd-Chiari综合征患者均前瞻性进行CT和MRI检查,将获取的影像资料进行对比、统计、分析,探讨CT、MRI在Budd-Chiari综合征时对肝静脉血管病变全面显示的优缺点。结果 MSCT显示单支肝静脉6例阻塞,两支肝静脉阻塞12例,三支肝静脉阻塞5例;单支副肝静脉阻塞6例;肝外侧支血管显示30例。MRI显示单支肝静脉阻塞6例,两支肝静脉阻塞15例,三支肝静脉阻塞8例;单支副肝静脉阻塞3例;肝外侧支血管显示30例。结论 CT、MRI均能较好地显示肝外侧支血管情况,MRI较CT更能显示出肝内静脉病变情况。     

布-加综合征肾静脉开口以上下腔静脉闭塞介入治疗效果

【摘要】 目的 评价布- 加综合征（BCS）肾静脉开口以上下腔静脉闭塞介入治疗的效果。 方法 回顾性分析28例BCS肾静脉开口以上下腔静脉闭塞患者临床资料。所有患者均经右颈内静脉途径和右股静脉途径行下腔静脉开通治疗；22例经右颈内静脉途径，6例联合经皮经肝途径施行肝静脉开通治疗。术后采用彩色多普勒超声随访，观察下腔静脉和肝静脉畅通情况。 结果 28例患者介入手术均获成功，下腔静脉单纯球囊扩张术16例，支架植入12例。开通1支肝静脉17例，开通2支肝静脉11例。术后造影均显示下腔静脉、肝静脉血流通畅，无血管破裂出血等并发症发生。28例患者随访6～79个月，平均（42.6±24.5）个月。下腔静脉单纯球囊扩张患者再闭塞率为43.8%（7/16），下腔静脉支架植入患者再闭塞率为8.3%（1/12），差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；肝静脉再闭塞率为28.6%（8/28）。 结论 BCS肾静脉开口以上下腔静脉闭塞介入治疗安全有效，下腔静脉长段闭塞支架植入疗效优于球囊扩张。     

Budd-Chiari综合征的磁共振成像诊断

目的：探讨Budd-Chiari综合征的MRI和MRA的表现及其诊断价值。材料和方法：分析24例经下腔静脉造影证实的Budd-Chiari综合征的MRI和MRA表现，并与下腔静脉造影比较。结果：MRI和MRA表现如下：1．肝脏肿大，肝脏信号改变，T2加权图像上尾状叶信号强度低于其他组织。2．肝静脉形态异常，肝静脉狭窄或闭塞，肝内侧支循环血管形成，呈“逗点状”或“蛛网状”，走行紊乱。3．下腔静脉狭窄，闭塞和血流信号异常，MRI和MRA与腔静脉造影比较，显示狭窄和闭塞的形态不够确切。4．肝外侧支循环形成。结论：MRI和MRA对Budd-Chiari综合征具有特征性的诊断价值，但不能取代下腔静脉造影。     

Budd-Chiari综合征:肝静脉病变的多排螺旋CT诊断

目的探讨多排螺旋CT(MSCT)对Budd-Chiari综合征(BCS)肝静脉阻塞病变的诊断价值。方法对比分析26例BCS的肝静脉血管造影和术前1周内的MSCT平扫与增强扫描表现。结果26例MSCT横断面图像和重建图像显示肝静脉共计70条,其中56条肝静脉闭塞,包括13条肝右静脉闭塞,21条肝中静脉闭塞,22条肝左静脉闭塞;另显示21条副肝静脉代偿性增粗;其中1例肝右静脉伴有血栓形成。与下腔静脉或经皮肝穿刺肝静脉造影相比,肝静脉的符合率为92.11%。结论MSCT能准确显示BCS肝静脉的血流动力学变化、阻塞部位,性质以及肝内交通支情况,诊断价值高,能可靠的指导制订治疗方案。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.