应用ISS和NISS评估伴严重胸部损伤的多发伤患者并发症与救治结局

目的 探讨新的损伤严重度评分(new injury severity score,NISS)和ISS在评估伴严重胸部损伤的多发伤患者的并发症与救治结局中的应用价值.方法 采用简明损伤评分-2005(AIS-2005)对重庆市急救医疗中心2005年1月-2011年1月救治的1377例伴严重胸部损伤的多发伤患者资料(胸部AIS≥3分)进行回顾性分析.计算NISS和ISS,并分析其与死亡的相关性.结果 治愈率为93.2％,死亡率为6.8％,并发症发生率为28.5％.NISS值(r=0.569,P＜0.01)、ISS值(r=0.442,P＜0.01)分别与并发症发生率呈正相关,NISS值(r=0.693,P＜0.01)、ISS值分别与死亡率呈正相关(r=0.774,P＜0.01),其中NISS值与并发症发生率、ISS值与死亡率有更强的相关性.在并发症发生预测方面,NISS敏感性优于ISS,特异性不及ISS(P＜0.01),在死亡预测方面,ISS与NISS相当(P＞0.05).结论 NISS和ISS均能较好评价伴严重胸部损伤的多发伤患者的并发症与救治结局.利用NISS值预测并发症的发生,ISS值预测救治结局以尽可能提高预测的准确性.     

严重老年胸伤患者临床流行病学特征与救治结局分析

目的 进一步提高严重老年胸部创伤患者的救治水平.方法 对重庆市急救医疗中心1995年6月-2005年5月救治的148例严重老年胸部创伤(年龄≥65岁,AIS≥3)(高龄组)病例资料进行回顾性分析,以同期<65岁严重胸部创伤患者1669例作为对照(AIS≥3)(低龄组).结果 (1)高龄严重胸伤致伤机制以钝性伤为主(124/148,83.8%),较低龄组高(1 157/1 669,69.3%)(P<0.01);致伤原因依次为交通伤、跌倒伤和坠落伤,其中高龄组交通伤及跌倒伤构成比(98/148,66.2%;22/148,14.9%)明显高于低龄组(845/1 669,50.6%;52/1 669,3.1%)(P<0.01).(2)两组ISS、RTS及GCS比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.518;P=0.419;P=0.525).(3)高龄组与低龄组院前时间比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.884).(4)高龄组病死率(23/148,15.5%)显著高于低龄组(109/1 669,6.5%)(P<0.01).(5)高龄组主要并发症发生率(38/148,25.7%)显著高于低龄组(174/1 669,10.4%)(P<0.01).(6)有并发症患者病死率,高龄组(51.7%)较低龄组(26.7%)显著增高(P<0.01),而无并发症患者两组间病死率(6.7%:3.5%)差异无统计学意义(P=0.069).结论 年龄和并发症是预测创伤后救治结局相对独立的因素;加强对高龄老人创伤后危险性的认识,强调并发症的处理与器官功能支持治疗是提高高龄严重胸部创伤患者生存率的关键.     

AIS 2005与AIS 1998在评价创伤救治结局中的应用比较

目的 比较简明损伤定级（AIS）2005与AIS 1998在评价创伤严重度及创伤救治结局的差异,探讨最新版AIS 2005应用的可行性及实用价值。方法 采用AIS 2005和AI S1998,对我院2003年1月-2005年5月救治的3110例创伤病例资料进行回顾性分析。结果 （1）随ISS值递增,两组病死率、并发症发生率均呈上升趋势;ISS〉20,AIS 2005组病死率上升趋势更为明显,在ISS〉15～≤20,AIS 2005组病死率较AIS 1998组有显著降低（P=0．001）。除AIS 2005组ISS≤15并发症发生率较AIS 1998组下降外（P=0．035）,其余各ISS分值段AIS 2005组并发症发生率较AIS 1998组上升趋势更为明显。（2）随ISS值升高,修正创伤评分（RTS）、创伤与损伤严重度评分（TRISS）、创伤严重度特征评分（ASCOT）、ASCOT-CHINA值逐渐降低,且AIS 2005生存概率预测值分布较AIS 1998大。AIS 2005预测性评分指标的区别度和敏感性均高于AIS 1998,除ASCOT-CHINA准确性、ASCOT特异性低于AIS 1998,ASCOT存活误判率高于AIS 1998外,ASCOT、TRISS准确性,ASCOT-CHINA、TRISS特异性均高于AIS 1998,ASCOT-CHINA、TRISS存活误判率较AIS 1998低,AIS 2005对生存组、死亡组生存概率预测优于AIS 1998。结论 以AIS 2005为基础的ISS、TRISS、ASCOT等方法评价创伤及其结局预测总体上优于AIS 1998;建议使用AIS 2005评价多发伤时,以ISS〉20界定为严重多发伤可能更为合理。     

严重老年胸伤患者临床流行病学特征与救治结局分析

Objective To further improve level of severe chest trauma care in the elderly pa-tients. Methods A retrospective study was done on data of 148 elderly patients (≥65 years with se-vere chest trauma (AIS≥3 points) (elderly group) treated in Chongqing Emergency Medical Center from June 1995 to May 2005. A total of 1669 patients at age less than 65 years and with AIS≥3 points were set as control group in the same research period (control group). Results The main injury mechanism was blunt trauma, which aceouted for 83.8% (124/148) in elderly group, higher than 69.3% (1 157/ 1 669) in control group (P < 0. 01). The injury causes were mainly traffic accidents, slip and fall from a height. Traffic accidents and slip accounted for 66.2% (98/148) and 14.9% (22/148) respectively, which was significantly higher than 50.6% (845/1 669) and 3.1% (52/1 669) respectively in control group (P < 0. 01). There was no statistical difference upon ISS, RTS, GCS and prehospital time between both groups (all P value > 0.05). The fatality rate and indicence rate of complication in the elerly group were 15.5% (23/148) and 25.7% (38/148), which was significantly higher than 6.5% (108/1 669) and 10.4% (174/1 669) respectively in control group (P <0.01). The fatality rate in elderly group with complications was significantly higher than that in control group (51.7% vs 26.7%) (P < 0.01), while those without complications showed no statistical difference between two groups (6.7% :3.5%) (P >0. 05). Conclusions The patient' s age and complications are relative independent factors to es-timate the trauma care outcome. To raise risk awareness and strengthen the management of complications and supportive treatments for organ function are key to improve survival rate of the elderly patients with se-vere chest trauma.     

严重老年胸伤患者临床流行病学特征与救治结局分析

Objective To further improve level of severe chest trauma care in the elderly pa-tients. Methods A retrospective study was done on data of 148 elderly patients (≥65 years with se-vere chest trauma (AIS≥3 points) (elderly group) treated in Chongqing Emergency Medical Center from June 1995 to May 2005. A total of 1669 patients at age less than 65 years and with AIS≥3 points were set as control group in the same research period (control group). Results The main injury mechanism was blunt trauma, which aceouted for 83.8% (124/148) in elderly group, higher than 69.3% (1 157/ 1 669) in control group (P < 0. 01). The injury causes were mainly traffic accidents, slip and fall from a height. Traffic accidents and slip accounted for 66.2% (98/148) and 14.9% (22/148) respectively, which was significantly higher than 50.6% (845/1 669) and 3.1% (52/1 669) respectively in control group (P < 0. 01). There was no statistical difference upon ISS, RTS, GCS and prehospital time between both groups (all P value > 0.05). The fatality rate and indicence rate of complication in the elerly group were 15.5% (23/148) and 25.7% (38/148), which was significantly higher than 6.5% (108/1 669) and 10.4% (174/1 669) respectively in control group (P <0.01). The fatality rate in elderly group with complications was significantly higher than that in control group (51.7% vs 26.7%) (P < 0.01), while those without complications showed no statistical difference between two groups (6.7% :3.5%) (P >0. 05). Conclusions The patient' s age and complications are relative independent factors to es-timate the trauma care outcome. To raise risk awareness and strengthen the management of complications and supportive treatments for organ function are key to improve survival rate of the elderly patients with se-vere chest trauma.     

严重老年胸伤患者临床流行病学特征与救治结局分析

Objective To further improve level of severe chest trauma care in the elderly pa-tients. Methods A retrospective study was done on data of 148 elderly patients (≥65 years with se-vere chest trauma (AIS≥3 points) (elderly group) treated in Chongqing Emergency Medical Center from June 1995 to May 2005. A total of 1669 patients at age less than 65 years and with AIS≥3 points were set as control group in the same research period (control group). Results The main injury mechanism was blunt trauma, which aceouted for 83.8% (124/148) in elderly group, higher than 69.3% (1 157/ 1 669) in control group (P < 0. 01). The injury causes were mainly traffic accidents, slip and fall from a height. Traffic accidents and slip accounted for 66.2% (98/148) and 14.9% (22/148) respectively, which was significantly higher than 50.6% (845/1 669) and 3.1% (52/1 669) respectively in control group (P < 0. 01). There was no statistical difference upon ISS, RTS, GCS and prehospital time between both groups (all P value > 0.05). The fatality rate and indicence rate of complication in the elerly group were 15.5% (23/148) and 25.7% (38/148), which was significantly higher than 6.5% (108/1 669) and 10.4% (174/1 669) respectively in control group (P <0.01). The fatality rate in elderly group with complications was significantly higher than that in control group (51.7% vs 26.7%) (P < 0.01), while those without complications showed no statistical difference between two groups (6.7% :3.5%) (P >0. 05). Conclusions The patient' s age and complications are relative independent factors to es-timate the trauma care outcome. To raise risk awareness and strengthen the management of complications and supportive treatments for organ function are key to improve survival rate of the elderly patients with se-vere chest trauma.     

严重老年胸伤患者临床流行病学特征与救治结局分析

Objective To further improve level of severe chest trauma care in the elderly pa-tients. Methods A retrospective study was done on data of 148 elderly patients (≥65 years with se-vere chest trauma (AIS≥3 points) (elderly group) treated in Chongqing Emergency Medical Center from June 1995 to May 2005. A total of 1669 patients at age less than 65 years and with AIS≥3 points were set as control group in the same research period (control group). Results The main injury mechanism was blunt trauma, which aceouted for 83.8% (124/148) in elderly group, higher than 69.3% (1 157/ 1 669) in control group (P < 0. 01). The injury causes were mainly traffic accidents, slip and fall from a height. Traffic accidents and slip accounted for 66.2% (98/148) and 14.9% (22/148) respectively, which was significantly higher than 50.6% (845/1 669) and 3.1% (52/1 669) respectively in control group (P < 0. 01). There was no statistical difference upon ISS, RTS, GCS and prehospital time between both groups (all P value > 0.05). The fatality rate and indicence rate of complication in the elerly group were 15.5% (23/148) and 25.7% (38/148), which was significantly higher than 6.5% (108/1 669) and 10.4% (174/1 669) respectively in control group (P <0.01). The fatality rate in elderly group with complications was significantly higher than that in control group (51.7% vs 26.7%) (P < 0.01), while those without complications showed no statistical difference between two groups (6.7% :3.5%) (P >0. 05). Conclusions The patient' s age and complications are relative independent factors to es-timate the trauma care outcome. To raise risk awareness and strengthen the management of complications and supportive treatments for organ function are key to improve survival rate of the elderly patients with se-vere chest trauma.     

严重老年胸伤患者临床流行病学特征与救治结局分析

Objective To further improve level of severe chest trauma care in the elderly pa-tients. Methods A retrospective study was done on data of 148 elderly patients (≥65 years with se-vere chest trauma (AIS≥3 points) (elderly group) treated in Chongqing Emergency Medical Center from June 1995 to May 2005. A total of 1669 patients at age less than 65 years and with AIS≥3 points were set as control group in the same research period (control group). Results The main injury mechanism was blunt trauma, which aceouted for 83.8% (124/148) in elderly group, higher than 69.3% (1 157/ 1 669) in control group (P < 0. 01). The injury causes were mainly traffic accidents, slip and fall from a height. Traffic accidents and slip accounted for 66.2% (98/148) and 14.9% (22/148) respectively, which was significantly higher than 50.6% (845/1 669) and 3.1% (52/1 669) respectively in control group (P < 0. 01). There was no statistical difference upon ISS, RTS, GCS and prehospital time between both groups (all P value > 0.05). The fatality rate and indicence rate of complication in the elerly group were 15.5% (23/148) and 25.7% (38/148), which was significantly higher than 6.5% (108/1 669) and 10.4% (174/1 669) respectively in control group (P <0.01). The fatality rate in elderly group with complications was significantly higher than that in control group (51.7% vs 26.7%) (P < 0.01), while those without complications showed no statistical difference between two groups (6.7% :3.5%) (P >0. 05). Conclusions The patient' s age and complications are relative independent factors to es-timate the trauma care outcome. To raise risk awareness and strengthen the management of complications and supportive treatments for organ function are key to improve survival rate of the elderly patients with se-vere chest trauma.     

严重老年胸伤患者临床流行病学特征与救治结局分析

Objective To further improve level of severe chest trauma care in the elderly pa-tients. Methods A retrospective study was done on data of 148 elderly patients (≥65 years with se-vere chest trauma (AIS≥3 points) (elderly group) treated in Chongqing Emergency Medical Center from June 1995 to May 2005. A total of 1669 patients at age less than 65 years and with AIS≥3 points were set as control group in the same research period (control group). Results The main injury mechanism was blunt trauma, which aceouted for 83.8% (124/148) in elderly group, higher than 69.3% (1 157/ 1 669) in control group (P < 0. 01). The injury causes were mainly traffic accidents, slip and fall from a height. Traffic accidents and slip accounted for 66.2% (98/148) and 14.9% (22/148) respectively, which was significantly higher than 50.6% (845/1 669) and 3.1% (52/1 669) respectively in control group (P < 0. 01). There was no statistical difference upon ISS, RTS, GCS and prehospital time between both groups (all P value > 0.05). The fatality rate and indicence rate of complication in the elerly group were 15.5% (23/148) and 25.7% (38/148), which was significantly higher than 6.5% (108/1 669) and 10.4% (174/1 669) respectively in control group (P <0.01). The fatality rate in elderly group with complications was significantly higher than that in control group (51.7% vs 26.7%) (P < 0.01), while those without complications showed no statistical difference between two groups (6.7% :3.5%) (P >0. 05). Conclusions The patient' s age and complications are relative independent factors to es-timate the trauma care outcome. To raise risk awareness and strengthen the management of complications and supportive treatments for organ function are key to improve survival rate of the elderly patients with se-vere chest trauma.     

严重老年胸伤患者临床流行病学特征与救治结局分析

Objective To further improve level of severe chest trauma care in the elderly pa-tients. Methods A retrospective study was done on data of 148 elderly patients (≥65 years with se-vere chest trauma (AIS≥3 points) (elderly group) treated in Chongqing Emergency Medical Center from June 1995 to May 2005. A total of 1669 patients at age less than 65 years and with AIS≥3 points were set as control group in the same research period (control group). Results The main injury mechanism was blunt trauma, which aceouted for 83.8% (124/148) in elderly group, higher than 69.3% (1 157/ 1 669) in control group (P < 0. 01). The injury causes were mainly traffic accidents, slip and fall from a height. Traffic accidents and slip accounted for 66.2% (98/148) and 14.9% (22/148) respectively, which was significantly higher than 50.6% (845/1 669) and 3.1% (52/1 669) respectively in control group (P < 0. 01). There was no statistical difference upon ISS, RTS, GCS and prehospital time between both groups (all P value > 0.05). The fatality rate and indicence rate of complication in the elerly group were 15.5% (23/148) and 25.7% (38/148), which was significantly higher than 6.5% (108/1 669) and 10.4% (174/1 669) respectively in control group (P <0.01). The fatality rate in elderly group with complications was significantly higher than that in control group (51.7% vs 26.7%) (P < 0.01), while those without complications showed no statistical difference between two groups (6.7% :3.5%) (P >0. 05). Conclusions The patient' s age and complications are relative independent factors to es-timate the trauma care outcome. To raise risk awareness and strengthen the management of complications and supportive treatments for organ function are key to improve survival rate of the elderly patients with se-vere chest trauma.     

颌面损伤严重度评分与损伤严重度评分评估颌面创伤严重度的敏感性比较

目的对损伤严重度评分（ISS）与颌面损伤严重度评分（MFISS）进行比较，探讨二者对颌面部损伤严重度评估的可靠性与敏感性。方法应用MFISS和ISS对741例颌面部创伤进行评分，根据不同骨折数目和不同骨折部位分组统计分析。结果单纯颌面部创伤和合并全身其他部位创伤的颌面部创伤组单处骨折、两处骨折与多处骨折患者ISS和MFISS平均评分差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。ISS对单处骨折与两处骨折差异无统计学意义（P〈0．01）；MFISS组间比较差异有统计学意义。全面部、面中部和面下部创伤患者在单纯颌面部创伤组ISS和MFISS分值与合并全身其他部位损伤的MFISS分值差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01），合并全身其他部位损伤的颌面部创伤ISS分值差异无统计学意义。ISS面中部和面下部之间差异无统计学意义，且组间平均评分接近；MFISS组间比较，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论MFISS对颌面部创伤的程度反映较ISS评分系统更具灵敏性和特异性。     

创伤严重程度评分对不同等级医院创伤患者死亡率的预测价值

目的 通过创伤严重程度评分(trauma and injury severity score,TRISS)计算创伤患者的生存概率,评价创伤救治效果以及TRISS评分对死亡率的预测价值. 方法 回顾性分析浙江省5所医院2009年急诊科首诊的创伤患者(研究组).收集人口统计学资料、创伤类型、致伤原因等信息,并通过计算患者进入急诊室时的ISS评分、修正创伤评分(revised trauma score,RTS)评分得到TRISS评分.以严重创伤结局研究(major trauma outcome study,MTOS)为对照组,通过计算M值、Ws值以及其95％可信区间(CI)比较实际生存率和期望生存率. 结果 共纳入2193例创伤患者,平均年龄44.39岁,其中男1661例(75.74％).最常见的致伤原因为交通伤,其次为高处坠落伤.TRISS预测死亡率为13.22％,实际死亡率为9.75％.对于总体患者,M=0.80,提示与对照组伤情差异显著.Ws =2.15,95％CI (Ws):1.54 ～ 2.77,说明本组生存率显著高于对照组.附属医院和三甲医院的创伤患者生存率均显著高于对照组,而三乙医院与对照组间差异无统计学意义. 结论 TRISS高估了本次研究中创伤群体的多亡率,这可能与近年来创伤医学的发展以及TRISS系数较为陈旧有关.建立本地的创伤数据库,更新TRISS系数有助于提高TRISS对死亡率的预测能力.     

简明损伤定级/损伤严重度评分的研究进展与误用解析

创伤评分、创伤登记和创伤数据库建设是创伤中心质量改进的基石.简明损伤定级(AIS)/损伤严重度评分(ISS)自2008年起被各国用作创伤中心评审的依据,现已发展为全球公认的创伤评分系统.笔者介绍自1971年以来发布的9个版本AIS中代码数量和分值设定的变化,以及近年来AIS/ISS评分体系的应用效果,并结合临床多发伤患...     

严重老年胸伤患者临床流行病学特征与救治结局分析

Objective To further improve level of severe chest trauma care in the elderly pa-tients. Methods A retrospective study was done on data of 148 elderly patients (≥65 years with se-vere chest trauma (AIS≥3 points) (elderly group) treated in Chongqing Emergency Medical Center from June 1995 to May 2005. A total of 1669 patients at age less than 65 years and with AIS≥3 points were set as control group in the same research period (control group). Results The main injury mechanism was blunt trauma, which aceouted for 83.8% (124/148) in elderly group, higher than 69.3% (1 157/ 1 669) in control group (P < 0. 01). The injury causes were mainly traffic accidents, slip and fall from a height. Traffic accidents and slip accounted for 66.2% (98/148) and 14.9% (22/148) respectively, which was significantly higher than 50.6% (845/1 669) and 3.1% (52/1 669) respectively in control group (P < 0. 01). There was no statistical difference upon ISS, RTS, GCS and prehospital time between both groups (all P value > 0.05). The fatality rate and indicence rate of complication in the elerly group were 15.5% (23/148) and 25.7% (38/148), which was significantly higher than 6.5% (108/1 669) and 10.4% (174/1 669) respectively in control group (P <0.01). The fatality rate in elderly group with complications was significantly higher than that in control group (51.7% vs 26.7%) (P < 0.01), while those without complications showed no statistical difference between two groups (6.7% :3.5%) (P >0. 05). Conclusions The patient' s age and complications are relative independent factors to es-timate the trauma care outcome. To raise risk awareness and strengthen the management of complications and supportive treatments for organ function are key to improve survival rate of the elderly patients with se-vere chest trauma.     

严重老年胸伤患者临床流行病学特征与救治结局分析

Objective To further improve level of severe chest trauma care in the elderly pa-tients. Methods A retrospective study was done on data of 148 elderly patients (≥65 years with se-vere chest trauma (AIS≥3 points) (elderly group) treated in Chongqing Emergency Medical Center from June 1995 to May 2005. A total of 1669 patients at age less than 65 years and with AIS≥3 points were set as control group in the same research period (control group). Results The main injury mechanism was blunt trauma, which aceouted for 83.8% (124/148) in elderly group, higher than 69.3% (1 157/ 1 669) in control group (P < 0. 01). The injury causes were mainly traffic accidents, slip and fall from a height. Traffic accidents and slip accounted for 66.2% (98/148) and 14.9% (22/148) respectively, which was significantly higher than 50.6% (845/1 669) and 3.1% (52/1 669) respectively in control group (P < 0. 01). There was no statistical difference upon ISS, RTS, GCS and prehospital time between both groups (all P value > 0.05). The fatality rate and indicence rate of complication in the elerly group were 15.5% (23/148) and 25.7% (38/148), which was significantly higher than 6.5% (108/1 669) and 10.4% (174/1 669) respectively in control group (P <0.01). The fatality rate in elderly group with complications was significantly higher than that in control group (51.7% vs 26.7%) (P < 0.01), while those without complications showed no statistical difference between two groups (6.7% :3.5%) (P >0. 05). Conclusions The patient' s age and complications are relative independent factors to es-timate the trauma care outcome. To raise risk awareness and strengthen the management of complications and supportive treatments for organ function are key to improve survival rate of the elderly patients with se-vere chest trauma.