骨髓涂片联合骨髓活检诊断骨髓增生异常综合征86例

 目的　探讨骨髓穿刺涂片与骨髓活检切片同步观察对诊断骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）的临床意义。方法　对86例MDS患者采用骨髓抽吸-活检双标本一步法取材,同步观察其涂片和切片。结果　86例MDS患者骨髓穿刺涂片增生程度极度减低至减低30例（34.88 %）,活跃、明显活跃、极度活跃56例（65.12 %）,红系病态造血43例（50.00 %）,粒系病态造血32例（37.21 %）,巨核系病态造血22例（25.58 %）。骨髓活检切片的增生程度极度减低至减低15例（17.44 %）,活跃、明显活跃、极度活跃71例（82.56 %）;红系病态造血16例（18.61 %）,粒系病态造血52例（60.47 %）,巨核系病态造血56例（65.12 %）。86例中66例切片与涂片WHO分型诊断一致,符合率76.74 %。结论　骨髓涂片和活检在MDS的诊断和分型中各有优点,两者相互补充,二者同步观察更有利于提高MDS诊断和分型的准确性。     

骨髓活检在多发性骨髓瘤诊断中的价值

目的:探讨骨髓活检在多发性骨髓瘤(MM)诊断中的价值.方法:同步观察多发性骨髓瘤26例患者骨髓涂片和活检塑料包埋切片.观察骨髓增生程度、浆细胞增殖模式及浸润程度.结果:MM患者骨髓造血组织在切片中的增生度明显高于涂片,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).MM切片中浆细胞以簇片-间质型、结节-间质型、结节型及塞实型浸润为主,以结节出现为阳性诊断标准,其敏感性25例(96.1%) 明显高于涂片中浆细胞>15%的指标(76.9%).结论:骨髓活检能准确反映骨髓组织的增生程度、浆细胞浸润情况及增殖模式,对MM的诊断有重要价值.     

骨髓涂片、骨髓活检对弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤临床分期的价值

目的:探讨骨髓涂片、骨髓活检对弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)临床分期的价值.方法:对44例累及骨髓的病例回顾性分析骨髓涂片及骨髓活检切片,分别比较细胞学形态、组织形态、增生程度、纤维组织增生程度、检出率和敏感性.结果:骨髓涂片中可见中到大型的异型细胞骨髓,切片中瘤细胞以灶型最常见.按Manoharm改良法评估,骨髓切片中网状纤维含量有不同程度增多.骨髓涂片与骨髓切片增生程度的比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),切片组增生程度高于涂片组.骨髓涂片与骨髓切片检出率的比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),切片组检出率高于涂片组.骨髓涂片与骨髓切片敏感性的比较,差异有显著统计学意义(P＜0.01),切片组敏感性明显高于涂片组.结论:骨髓涂片简单易行,骨髓切片在骨髓组织状况、优势增生细胞等方面有优势,同时开展涂片和切片的检测,提高检出率,可以修正临床分期,如能同时进行流式细胞免疫表型分析,则更能提高检出率.     

骨髓切片和涂片观察在恶性血液病诊断中的意义

 目的 应用骨髓切片和涂片相结合,观察骨髓组织和细胞形态学的变化,对120例初发的血液病患者的骨髓进行切片和涂片的结果分析,以期得到形态学诊断的新途径。方法 收集恶性血液病病例120份。一步法抽吸骨髓,常规方法涂片染色,塑料包埋法制作组织切片;恶性血液病的诊断参照2001年WHO分型标准。结果 骨髓活检与骨髓涂片相结合,在诊断骨髓纤维化、低增生MDS、骨髓转移癌和骨髓坏死,骨髓组织切片的诊断符合率高于穿刺涂片。对于淋巴瘤骨髓侵犯的病例,骨髓组织切片中更容易找到有特征的淋巴瘤细胞;对慢性粒细胞白血病（CML）病例,组织切片较穿刺涂片提前找到诊断急变的证据。结论 骨髓形态学检验,将组织切片与穿刺涂片相结合,互为补充,可以有效地提高恶性血液病的诊断水平。     

骨髓活检在诊断及鉴别诊断真性红细胞增多症中的价值

目的:探讨骨髓活检在真性红细胞增多症(PV)诊断与鉴别诊断中的价值.方法:同步观察真性红细胞增多症37例患者骨髓涂片和活检切片.并与继发性红细胞增多症20例患者作比较,以正常人20例作对照.观察骨髓增生程度、增生优势细胞系、网硬蛋白积分.结果:PV组患者骨髓造血组织在切片中的增生度明显高于涂片,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与继发性红细胞增多症及正常对照组比较差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.05).PV组切片中增生优势细胞系分为累及三系的增生,累及二系(红系和粒系、红系和巨核系)的增生,仅累及红系单系的增生;继发性红细胞增多症组仅显示红系相对增生.PV组网硬蛋白纤维积分为1+及以上占83.8%,继发性红细胞增多症组及正常对照组均未见1+或l+以上,分别比较差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05).结论:骨髓活检能准确反应骨髓组织的增生程度、增生优势细胞系、纤维增生程度,对PV的诊断及鉴别诊断有较高价值.     

骨髓细胞学分类与骨髓活检相结合在全血减少疾病诊断中的意义

 目的 探讨骨髓穿刺涂片联合活检病理切片在全血细胞减少性血液疾病诊断中的临床应用 。方法 筛选同时进行骨髓穿刺涂片及活检的全血细胞减少性血液疾病患者328例,进行回顾性分析。结果 328例患者中男154例,女174例,年龄4-79岁。骨髓活检在再生障碍性贫血（AA）、骨髓增生异常综合症(MDS)、骨髓纤维化(MF)、等方面诊断符合率高于骨髓涂片,有统计学差异（P<0.05）,骨髓活检增生程度的判断优于骨髓涂片。 结论 骨髓穿刺涂片联合骨髓活检病理切片更能客观准确地反映骨髓的真实情况,特别是在恶性血液系统疾病所致全血细胞减少的诊断、鉴别诊断等方面的价值更优于涂片,二者联合检查可以进一步提高全血细胞减少性疾病诊断的准确性。 关键词 全血细胞减少 骨髓涂片 骨髓活检 病理     

骨髓活检在骨髓转移癌病理诊断中的价值

目的:探讨骨髓活检对转移癌的诊断价值.方法:应用塑料包埋骨髓活检制片技术对43例诊断为转移性癌的病例进行观察,同步对比骨髓涂片.结果: 活检中骨髓的增生程度明显高于涂片;涂片中23例增生减低,20例增生活跃.活检中3例增生减低,40例增生活跃.涂片中16例可见癌细胞,骨髓活检中29例可见癌巢.结论:骨髓活检结合涂片对转移癌有互补诊断价值.     

骨髓活检在诊断及鉴别诊断真性红细胞增多症中的价值

目的：探讨骨髓活检在真性红细胞增多症（PV）诊断与鉴别诊断中的价值.方法：同步观察真性红细胞增多症37例患者骨髓涂片和活检切片.并与继发性红细胞增多症20例患者作比较,以正常人20例作对照.观察骨髓增生程度、增生优势细胞系、网硬蛋白积分.结果：PV组患者骨髓造血组织在切片中的增生度明显高于涂片,两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;与继发性红细胞增多症及正常对照组比较差异亦有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.PV组切片中增生优势细胞系分为累及三系的增生,累及二系（红系和粒系、红系和巨核系）的增生,仅累及红系单系的增生;继发性红细胞增多症组仅显示红系相对增生.PV组网硬蛋白纤维积分为1＋及以上占83.8%,继发性红细胞增多症组及正常对照组均未见1＋或l＋以上,分别比较差异有统计学意义（均为P〈0.05）.结论：骨髓活检能准确反应骨髓组织的增生程度、增生优势细胞系、纤维增生程度,对PV的诊断及鉴别诊断有较高价值.     

骨髓活检在预测MDS预后中的意义

报告２４例骨髓增生异常综合征骨髓活检结果与预后的关系，结果：骨髓活检与骨髓涂片所见大致相同，但前者对粒系、巨核细胞系病态造血诊断率更高，对ＡＬＩＰ及合并纤维化是唯一的诊断手段；活检时造血细胞中红系占优者预后好，粒系占优伴ＡＬＩＰ阳性者预后差，巨核细胞增生常伴骨髓纤维增生，预后亦差。     

骨髓活检在预测MDS预后中的意义

报告２４例骨髓增生异常综合征骨髓活检结果与预后的关系，结果：骨髓活检与骨髓涂片所见大致相同，但前者对粒系、巨核细胞系病态造血诊断率更高，对ＡＬＩＰ及合并纤维化是唯一的诊断手段；活检时造血细胞中红系占优者预后好，粒系占优伴ＡＬＩＰ阳性者预后差，巨核细胞增生常伴骨髓纤维增生，预后亦差。     

In vitro manipulation of bone marrow cells for bone marrow transplantation

Recently, in vitro manipulations of bone marrow cells have been developed for the prevention of relapse in autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and for the prevention of graft versus host disease in allogeneic BMT. Two methods were mainly employed clinically for the depletion of cells from transplanted bone marrow cells. Firstly, bone marrow cells were treated in vitro with monoclonal antibodies reactive to leukemia cells or T cells using complement, immunotoxin or magnetic bead. Secondly, bone marrow cells were incubated with cancer drugs such as 4-HC or mafosfamide. Our results and other reports using in vitro purging of leukemia or lymphoma cells suggest that these autologous BMTs are effective modes of cancer therapy in patients with hematological malignancies.     

Behaviour of heat-treated bone marrow cells in long-term bone marrow cultures

The effect of prior heat treatment on the ability of bone marrow cells to form long-term bone marrow culture has been studied. Bone marrow cells were heated for various times in the temperature range of 39-43 C and then cultured in the modified Dexter type suspension culture. At weekly intervals, the behaviour of the cultures in terms of stroma formation and confluency, cellular viability, and myelopoiesis were evaluated. The results show that there was a dose-dependent decrease in the number of viable cells in the non-adherent fraction of the cultures. Cytological analysis of these cells showed a strong shift towards macrophage population in the successive weeks of the cultures and also as a function of heat dose delivered to these cultures. The stroma formation was delayed or inhibited as a function of the heat dose. The number of granulocyte-macrophage colony forming cells (CFU-GM) in both adherent and non-adherent fraction of the cultures were decreased substantially after hyperthermia treatment. At 41 C and higher temperatures, the CFU-GM were severely diminished in both fractions. The dose response experiments showed that the decrease in the number of CFU-GM was dependent on the heat dose. The results suggest that CFU-GM is an extremely sensitive target in the hyperthermia treatment of bone marrow cells and heat-treated bone marrow cells lose their ability to maintain long-term cultures.     

淋巴瘤侵犯骨髓的骨髓活检病理学诊断研究进展

淋巴瘤侵犯骨髓(lymphomabonemarrowinvolvement,LBMI)主要靠骨髓活检确诊。霍奇金淋巴瘤(Hodgkin蒺slymphoma,HL)、非霍奇金淋巴瘤(non-Hodgkin蒺slymphoma,NHL)侵犯骨髓各有其不同病理特点。骨髓中瘤细胞的形态特点、分布方式及免疫表型多数与髓外部位一致,少数又可存在差别。本文比较了各型HL、B-NHL、T-NHL的骨髓侵犯病理学特点,并从形态学、免疫组化及淋巴瘤基因重排检测三方面对LBMI的骨髓活检诊断研究进展进行了综述。     

Behaviour of heat-treated bone marrow cells in long-term bone marrow cultures.

The effect of prior heat treatment on the ability of bone marrow cells to form long-term bone marrow culture has been studied. Bone marrow cells were heated for various times in the temperature range of 39-43 degrees C and then cultured in the modified Dexter type suspension culture. At weekly intervals, the behaviour of the cultures in terms of stroma formation and confluency, cellular viability, and myelopoiesis were evaluated. The results show that there was a dose-dependent decrease in the number of viable cells in the non-adherent fraction of the cultures. Cytological analysis of these cells showed a strong shift towards macrophage population in the successive weeks of the cultures and also as a function of heat dose delivered to these cultures. The stroma formation was delayed or inhibited as a function of the heat dose. The number of granulocyte-macrophage colony forming cells (CFU-GM) in both adherent and non-adherent fraction of the cultures were decreased substantially after hyperthermia treatment. At 41 degrees C and higher temperatures, the CFU-GM were severely diminished in both fractions. The dose response experiments showed that the decrease in the number of CFU-GM was dependent on the heat dose. The results suggest that CFU-GM is an extremely sensitive target in the hyperthermia treatment of bone marrow cells and heat-treated bone marrow cells lose their ability to maintain long-term cultures.     

Magnetic resonance imaging of bone marrow versus bone marrow biopsy in malignant lymphoma

Bone marrow involvement is a frequent finding in malignant lymphoma. Bone marrow biopsy of the posterior iliac crest is routinely performed for staging. Abnormal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signals of bone marrow was also reported to be indicative of bone marrow involvement. This study included 60 patients with malignant lymphoma. Unilateral bone marrow biopsy of the posterior iliac crest was performed. MRI of lumbar spine was studied within 24 hours of bone marrow biopsy. 22 healthy controls were used for the detection of MRI objectivity during visual evaluation. In 83% of patients (50/60), biopsy and MRI results agreed completely. In two patients, histologic sections failed to show any evidence of bone marrow involvement despite abnormal MRI signals suggestive of involvement. In three patients, MRI was completely normal despite biopsy proven bone marrow infiltration. False negativity (3/60) and false positivity (2/60) rates were very low. Negative biopsy findings with positive or equivocal MRI results should not exclude bone marrow involvement and needs further evaluation with bilateral or guided biopsy. Thus, we conclude that MRI of bone marrow is a fairly sensitive, noninvasive modality and might be of potential value in detecting bone marrow infiltration in malignant lymphoid neoplasms which can be utilized as a useful adjunct to standard staging procedures.     

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

The probability of long term survival for allogeneic graft patients was 63% for ALL, 60% for ANL and 47% for CML in the 1st remission or 1st chronic phase of each leukemia. The major causes of death were interstitial pneumonia, relapse of leukemia and infections. On relationship of GVHD and the long term survival, the probability of 5 years survival was 38%, 47% and 25% in grade 0, I and II-IV of acute GVHD respectively. The difference might be due to that of relapse rate of leukemia. And the relationship between the relapse rate and GVHD, the patients with both of acute and chronic GVHD showed the lowest relapse rate 15.9%, the patients without GVHD showed the highest relapse rate 37.8% and the patients with either of GVHD showed the rate of between those of two groups. This may suggest that GVHD both acute and chronic might have an ability that can suppress the relapse of leukemia, i.e. GVL reaction. Interstitial pneumonia occurred in 32% of allograft patients and was often lethal complication (53%). Among many of prophylaxis tested, the followings were effective, a lower dose rate of total body irradiation, the selection of CMV-seronegative platelets donor, and the prophylactic administration of anti-CMV high titer globulin. Colony stimulating factor of human urine was also effective for shortening the granulopenic period after transplantation to prevent severe infections.     

Autologous bone marrow transplantation

Several malignancies have shown a dose-response relationship. The hematopoietic toxicity of dose escalations is often rescued by bone marrow transplantation. Prolonged disease-free survival can now be expected for patients with lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, leukemia and breast cancer when high-dose cytotoxic therapy (high dose CT) is followed by autologous bone marrow transplant (AuBMT). Bone marrow (BM) and/or peripheral blood (PB) can be cryopreserved before high-dose CT and are utilized for stem cells rescue for AuBMT. Clinical trials of patients with lymphoma, leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and breast cancer have proven the importance of timing the induction and high-dose CT, and properly sequenced therapy has resulted in prolonged disease-free survival in these patients. The rationale for high-dose cytotoxic therapy, methods of stem cells cryopreservation, the complications of high-dose CT, and results of treatment for various malignancies are briefly detailed with emphasis on designing future trials. Carefully designed trials have proven the usefulness of AuBMT and offer a promising approach to the future of cancer chemotherapy.     

Histiocytic diseases of bone marrow

The disease most likely to be associated with large numbers of bone marrow storage histiocytes is Gaucher's disease. In our community of western Pennsylvania, eastern Ohio, and West Virginia, we have encountered 30 patients with Gaucher's disease during the past 25 years. During the same 25 years, a group of about 20 other patients have been examined for storage cells caused by diseases other than Gaucher's disease. These other conditions are associated with smaller numbers of storage cells, and these patients require a more extensive examination that should include serum or tissue lipid analyses, enzymology, and electron microscopy to assist in the diagnosis.