人源抗狂犬病毒单链抗体库的构建及体外亲和筛选

目的 :构建人源噬菌体展示单链抗体 (scFv)库 ,筛选抗狂犬病毒特异性、高亲和力的scFv。方法 :应用重组噬菌体抗体技术 ,从经狂犬病毒WISTARPM株疫苗免疫者的外周血淋巴细胞中 ,分离并构建scFv基因。将其克隆入噬粒载体pCANTAB 5E中 ,转化于大肠杆菌TG1,通过辅助噬菌体M13K0 7援救构建噬菌体单链抗体库。采用狂犬病毒Vero疫苗亲和富集法 ,淘选阳性重组噬菌体 ,经鉴定后对其进行序列分析。用竞争ELISA ,初步检测重组scFv的特异性抗原结合活性。结果 :成功地构建了库容量约为 7× 10 8抗狂犬病毒噬菌体scFv库 ,筛选到 1株新的抗狂犬病毒的scFv S12。结论 :噬菌体展示scFv库的成功构建及人源抗狂犬病毒特异性scFv的获得 ,为进一步研制抗狂犬病毒的高特异性、高亲和力的基因工程抗体奠定了基础     

Downstream characterization of anti-TNF-α single chain variable fragment antibodies

Using phage display technology (PDT), we have recently isolated single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies (Ab) against some pivotal molecular markers involved in malignancies and systemic inflammation including human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α, GI:367465798). Downstream purification and characterization of scFv antibodies is a challenging issue, which may impose substantial impacts on quality of the final product(s). Of various purification methods, affinity chromatography has widely been used in the pharmaceutical grade downstream processing (PGDP) of proteins (e.g., monoclonal antibody (mAb) and scFvs). To pursue an optimized PGDP, in the current study, we have capitalized PDT for upstream selection of anti-TNF-α scFvs and protein A affinity chromatography (PAAC) for downstream extraction and purification of the scFvs from the crude medium secreted and periplasmic fractions of HB2151 cells. The versatility of the PDT selection was validated using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, western blot, dot blot, ELISA and fluorescence microscopy. SDS-PAGE western blot analyses displayed a 17 kDa scFv with high purity (> 98%), while dot blot and ELISA analyses showed high specificity and binding affinity of the purified scFv antibody fragments toward human TNF-α at nM range. Fluorescence microscopy further confirmed detection of TNF-α in Raji B lymphoblast cells. Finally, based on our findings, we believe that these PDT selected and PAAC processed scFvs may be used as targeting and/or therapy agent for TNF-α mediated diseases. Further, to increase the production yield, downstream purification techniques need to be optimized for the large scale production of scFv antibodies.     

Streptabody, a high avidity molecule made by tetramerization of in vivo biotinylated, phage display-selected scFv fragments on streptavidin

Phage display is a powerful method of isolating of antibody fragments from highly diverse naive human antibody repertoires. However, the affinity of the selected antibodies is usually low and current methods of affinity maturation are complex and time-consuming. In this paper, we describe an easy way to increase the functional affinity (avidity) of single chain variable fragments (scFvs) by tetramerization on streptavidin, following their site-specific biotinylation by the enzyme BirA. Expression vectors have been constructed that enable addition of the 15 amino acid biotin acceptor domain (BAD) on selected scFvs. Different domains were cloned at the C-terminus of scFv in the following order: a semi-rigid hinge region (of 16 residues), the BAD, and a histidine tail. Two such recombinant scFvs directed against the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were previously selected from human non-immune and murine immune phage display libraries. The scFvs were first synthesized in Escherichia coli carrying the plasmid encoding the BirA enzyme, and then purified from the cytoplasmic extracts by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Purified biotinylated scFvs were tetramerized on the streptavidin molecule to create a streptabody (StAb). The avidity of various forms of anti-CEA StAbs, tested on purified CEA by competitive assays and surface plasmon resonance showed an increase of more than one log, as compared with the scFv monomer counterparts. Furthermore, the percentage of direct binding of 125I-labeled StAb or monomeric scFv on CEA-Sepharose beads and on CEA-expressing cells showed a dramatic increase for the tetramerized scFv (>80%), as compared with the monomeric scFv (<20%). Interestingly, the percentage binding of 125I-labeled anti-CEA StAbs to CEA-expressing colon carcinoma cells was definitely higher (>80%) than that obtained with a reference high affinity murine anti-CEA mAb (30%). Another advantage of using scFvs in a StAb format was demonstrated by Western blot analysis, where tetramerized anti-CEA scFv could detect a small quantity of CEA at a concentration 100-fold lower than the monomeric scFv.     

Affinity maturation of recombinant antibodies using E. coli mutator cells

Background: Phage libraries can display repertoires of antibodies which are greater in number than the mammalian immune response. However, the selected antibodies often have low binding affinity to their target antigen or hapten (K_D below 10⁻⁶ M), which is characteristic of the primary immune repertoire. There is a need for procedures to mimic somatic hypermutation through antigen driven affinity maturation, thereby increasing the affinity of selected immunoglobulins. Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of mutation and affinity selection of recombinant antibody genes with mutator E. coli cells, incorporating phage-display strategies. Study design: Unique human scFvs were selected from a naive Fd-phage library. These genes were mutated by propagation in mutD5 mutator E. coli cells (mutD5-FIT) which were competent for Fd (M13) based phagemid transfections and generated point mutations (transversions and transitions) in the scFv genes. Individual phage-displayed scFvs were affinity selected from the mutation library and were assayed as soluble scFvs by ELISA and BIAcore for binding to antigen. Results: The in vivo mutation of phage-displayed scFvs in E. coli mutD5-FIT, combined with affinity selection against antigen, produced scFv molecules with improved binding activity. The point mutations which resulted in single amino acid substitutions frequently produced ten fold increases in apparent binding affinity. Structural comparisons revealed that these point mutations were in framework regions (adjacent to the CDRs) and within the CDRs. In one case the apparent affinity of an antiglycophorin scFv after mutation in the VL framework region close to CDR3 increased by 10³. However, this increase in apparent affinity was accompanied by an increased propensity to dimerise and form aggregates. Conclusions: A strategy for the rapid affinity maturation of scFv and Fab antibody fragments has been developed which utilises mutator strains of E. coli and incorporates phage display of antibody repertoires (libraries).     

抗肝癌细胞噬菌体单链抗体库的构建及筛选

构建抗人肝癌细胞单链抗体库 ,从中筛选与肝癌细胞特异结合的高亲和力单链抗体。从HepG2细胞免疫的BALB/c小鼠脾脏提取总RNA ,RT PCR扩增小鼠抗体重、轻链可变区基因 ,用 (Gly4Ser) 3 连接肽基因 ,经重叠延伸反应 ,在体外将VH 和VL 连接成单链抗体 (scFv)基因 ,并克隆入噬菌粒载体pCANTAB5E中 ,构建噬菌体单链抗体库。以HepG2细胞为抗原对抗体库进行淘选 ,ELISA法鉴定各单克隆与肝癌细胞的结合活性 ,并对阳性克隆进行表达。成功构建了库容为 1 1× 10 6抗肝癌细胞的噬菌体单链抗体库 ,经筛选得到了与HepG2细胞具有较强结合能力的单链抗体 ,实现了scFv在大肠杆菌中的可溶性表达。序列测定结果表明 ,VH 和VL 基因符合小鼠抗体可变区特征 ,scFv基因拼接正确     

Generation and characterization of single-chain antibody fragments specific against transmembrane envelope glycoprotein gp46 of maedi-visna virus

A single-chain antibody fragments (scFv) was developed directed against transmembrane envelope glycoprotein gp46 of the virus maedi-visna, by the application of the antibody phage display library. To get specific scFv binders, the library was panned against the biotinylated peptide of 20 amino acids corresponding to the principal immunodominant domain of gp46 protein. The number of positively binding scFvs was evaluated by scFv-phage ELISA, BstN1 fingerprinting and DNA sequencing. The scFvs were expressed in soluble form and purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) with a yield of 2-2.5 mg/l. Two scFvs have shown to recognize gp46 and gp150 proteins in Western blot analysis. The scFvs also recognized the virus in infected cells as shown by immunofluorescence assay. The affinity of the obtained antibody fragments to gp46 peptide was measured by surface plasmon resonance, and the resulting K(A) was in the 10(6)-10(7)lmol(-1) range. The application of characterized scFvs for expression as intrabodies in intracellular immunization against virus maedi-visna infection and for the diagnosis of this virus is discussed.     

Selection of single chain variable fragments (scFv) against the glycoprotein antigen of the rabies virus from a human synthetic scFv phage display library and their fusion with the Fc region of human IgG1

We have prepared human recombinant antibody molecules against the glycoprotein antigen of the rabies virus (GPRV) based on the single chain variable fragment (scFv) format. Anti-GPRV scFvs were selected from a human synthetic scFv phage display library with a repertoire of approximately 109 specificities. After three rounds of selection against the PV11 strain of the virus, 40% of the clones tested recognized the rabies antigen. Of the 20 positive clones that were sequenced, five distinct sequences were identified. These distinct scFvs were cloned into a mammalian expression vector carrying the human IgG1 Fc region. The specificity of the resulting scFv-Fc molecules for GPRV was established by ELISA, dot blot and western blot analyses and membrane immunofluorescence. Two of the scFv-Fc fusion proteins neutralized the PV11 strain in a standard in vivo neutralization assay where the virus was incubated with the scFv-Fc molecules before intracranial inoculation in mice. These anti-GPRV scFv-Fc molecules have the potential to be used as an alternative to the presently available HRIG, for use in post-exposure preventive treatment.     

Isolation and expression of recombinant antibody fragments to the biological warfare pathogen Brucella melitensis

Brucella melitensis is a highly infectious animal pathogen able to cause a recurring debilitating disease in humans and is therefore high on the list of biological warfare agents. Immunoglobulin genes from mice immunized with gamma-irradiated B. melitensis strain 16M were used to construct a library that was screened by phage display against similarly prepared bacteria. The selected phage particles afforded a strong enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) signal against gamma-irradiated B. melitensis cells. However, extensive efforts to express the respective single chain antibody variable region fragment (scFv) in soluble form failed due to: (i) poor solubility and (ii) in vivo degradation of the c-myc tag used for the detection of the recombinant antibodies. Both problems could be addressed by: (i) fusing a human kappa light chain constant domain (Ck) chain to the scFv to generate single chain antibody fragment (scAb) antibody fragments and (ii) by co-expression of the periplasmic chaperone Skp. While soluble, functional antibodies could be produced in this manner, phage-displaying scFvs or scAbs were still found to be superior ELISA reagents for immunoassays, due to the large signal amplification afforded by anti-phage antibodies. The isolated phage antibodies were shown to be highly specific to B. melitensis and did not recognize Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in contrast to the existing diagnostic monoclonal YST 9.2.1.     

Detection of an allergen in dog dander that cross-reacts with the major cat allergen, Fel d 1

BACKGROUND: A considerable proportion of animal-allergic patients are sensitized to both cat and dog allergens but knowledge about cross-reactive allergens in cat and dog dander is limited. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether dog dander contains an allergen that cross-reacts with the major cat allergen, Fel d 1. METHODS: Recombinant Fel d 1 with the same immunological properties as natural Fel d 1 was used for quantitative (CAP) IgE competition experiments performed with sera obtained from cat-allergic patients (n=36). A Fel d 1 cross-reactive dog allergen was characterized by one- and two-dimensional immunoblotting using rFel d 1 for IgE inhibition experiments and with monospecific, polyclonal rabbit anti-recombinant Fel d 1 antibodies. RESULTS: In 25% of Fel d 1-reactive cat-allergic patients, more than 50% inhibition of IgE reactivity to dog allergens was achieved with recombinant Fel d 1. An Fel d 1 cross-reactive 20 kDa allergen with a pI of approximately 3.4 was detected in dander extracts of several different dog breeds. CONCLUSION: This is the first report demonstrating the presence of an Fel d 1-like allergen in dog dander extracts, which may be responsible for double positivity to cat and dog in serology. However, the clinical relevance of this cross-sensitization needs to be confirmed. These results are important for the diagnostic and therapeutic use of dog dander allergen extracts.     

Enhanced bovine herpesvirus type 1 neutralization by multimerized single-chain variable antibody fragments regardless of differential glycosylation

Single-chain variable antibody fragments (scFvs) with a 2-amino-acid linker capable of multimerization as di-, tri-, or tetrabodies that neutralize bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) in vitro were constructed and expressed in Pichia pastoris. In contrast to the monomeric form, multimeric scFvs had a higher virus neutralization potency, as evidenced by a 2-fold increase in their ability to neutralize BoHV-1 due to avidity effects. Mass spectrum (quadrupole time of flight [Q-TOF]) analyses of multimeric scFv demonstrated extensive heterogeneity due to differential cleavage, variable glycosylation (1 to 9 mannose residues), and the incorporation of minor unidentified adducts. Regardless of the differential glycosylation patterns, the scFvs recognized non-gB or -gE target viral epitopes in the BoHV-1 envelope fraction in a Western blot and also neutralized BoHV-1 in infected Madin-Darby kidney (MDBK) cells in vitro. Indirect evidence for the noncovalent multimerization of scFv was the presence of a major peak of multimerized scFv without a His tag (due to differential cleavage) in the Q-TOF profile, unlike monomeric scFv, which copurified with normally His-tagged scFv and recognized the target antigen. Overall, differentially glycosylated recombinant scFvs against BoHV-1 with a short linker (2 amino acids) are capable of assembly into functional multimers that confer high avidity, resulting in increased virus neutralization in vitro compared to that of monovalent scFv with a long (18-amino-acid) flexible linker. Overall, recombinant multimerized scFv5-2L potentially provides a high-potency therapeutic and immunodiagnostic reagent against BoHV-1, which is suitable for passive immunization and topical application.     

Quantitative measurement of IgE antibodies to purified allergens using streptavidin linked to a high-capacity solid phase

BACKGROUND: Commercially available assays for IgE antibody provide results in international units per milliliter for many allergen extracts, but this is not easily achieved with purified or novel allergens. OBJECTIVE: To develop assays for IgE antibody suitable for purified or novel allergens by using a commercially available immunosorbent. METHODS: Streptavidin coupled to a high-capacity immunosorbent (CAP) was used to bind biotinylated purified allergens from mite (Der p 1 and Der p 2), cat (Fel d 1), and dog (Can f 1). Assays for IgE antibody to these allergens were performed on sera from children (asthma and control) as well as adults with atopic dermatitis. RESULTS: The results were validated by serial dilution of sera with high and low levels of IgE antibody and were quantitated in international units per milliliter by using a standard curve. Values for IgE antibody to Der p 1, Der p 2, and Fel d 1 correlated with values obtained with the allergen extracts (r2 = 0.80, 0.84, and 0.95, respectively; P < .001 in each case). Furthermore, the values for IgE antibody in sera from children with high exposure to mite and cat allergens demonstrated 10-fold higher levels of IgE antibody to Der p 1 and Der p 2 than to Fel d 1 (P < .001). CONCLUSION: The streptavidin immunosorbent technique provides a new method for quantifying IgE antibody to purified proteins. The results provide evidence about the high quantities of IgE antibody to purified inhalant allergens in patients with atopic dermatitis. In addition, the results demonstrate major differences in IgE antibodies specific for mite and cat allergens among children with high exposure to both allergens.     

Characterisation and specificity of two single-chain Fv antibodies directed to the protein tyrosine kinase Syk

In order to obtain single chain Fv fragments (scFv) specific for the protein tyrosine kinase Syk, we screened a human synthetic phage-display library. Two glutathione S-transferase (GST):Syk fusion proteins containing both SH2 domains of Syk were used to perform three rounds of selection of the library. Among the scFv fragments resulting from the third round of selection, the ones specific for the GST portion of the fusion proteins were eliminated by performing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests on GST:Syk versus GST coated plates, and the monoclonal scFv fragments binding only to the GST:Syk coated plates with high affinities were further analysed. We report here the in vitro characterisation of G4G11 and G6G2 anti-Syk scFvs. G4G11 shows the best performance in immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence experiments, and G6G2 is able to detect Syk in immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence and on Western blots. Both scFvs are also able to detect the phosphorylated form of Syk, and neither of them binds to Zap-70, the other member of the Syk family of protein tyrosine kinases.     

Purified natural and recombinant Fel d 1 and cat albumin in in vitro diagnostics for cat allergy

BACKGROUND: Current diagnostics and therapeutics for cat allergy are based on cat epithelial extracts originating from highly variable source materials. This gives rise to several problems: variability of allergen composition, contamination with house dust mite allergens, and potential transfer of pathogenic agents. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of replacing cat epithelial extracts with purified natural or recombinant allergens. METHODS: Sera (n = 509) were selected on the basis of a positive cat RAST result and tested in a RAST for IgE reactivity to purified Fel d 1, cat albumin (CA), or both. The analysis was performed with both natural and recombinant allergens. In addition, some sera were further analyzed by means of immunoblotting. A serum pool was used for cat RAST inhibition with purified natural and recombinant allergens as inhibitors. RESULTS: Natural and recombinant Fel d 1 caused very similar results: 94.1% and 96.1% positive test results, respectively. In general, the negative sera were low responders to cat extract. The addition of CA (16.7% positive sera) resulted in a decrease in the number of discrepencies between purified allergens and whole extract to 2.8%. Only for 2% of all sera, sensitization to cat was largely explained by IgE reactivity to CA. IgE reactivity to Fel d 1 accounts for 88% of the total IgE response to cat allergens, as was demonstrated by RAST, with Fel d 1 concentrations nearing saturation. Recombinant Fel d 1 performed equally well in the RAST analysis. Recombinant CA was succesfully expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris, and its immune reactivity closely resembled that of its natural counterpart. CONCLUSION: Natural and recombinant Fel d 1 and CA are good candidates for replacing ill-defined cat dander extracts in diagnostics for cat allergy. Although CA is not essential for the vast majority of cat-sensitized patients, some subjects are selectively sensitized to this serum protein.     

Rational design of hypoallergens applied to the major cat allergen Fel d 1

BACKGROUND: Allergen-specific immunotherapy is the only treatment for allergic disease providing long-lasting symptom relief. Currently, it is mainly based on the use of crude allergen extracts. The treatment may be improved by the use of genetically engineered allergens, hypoallergens, aiming at a more effective and safer therapy. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to provide a rational design of hypoallergen candidates for immunotherapy by using structural information and knowledge of B and T cell epitopes of an allergen. METHODS: The three-dimensional structure of the major cat allergen Fel d 1 was systematically altered by duplication of selected T cell epitopes and disruption of disulphide bonds. Seven Fel d 1 derivatives were generated and screened for allergenic reactivity in comparison with recombinant Fel d 1 in competition-ELISA. The allergenicity was further evaluated in basophil activation experiments and T cell reactivity was assessed in a lymphoproliferation assay. RESULTS: Three out of seven Fel d 1 derivatives, with two duplicated T cell epitopes and one or two disulphide bonds disrupted, were carefully evaluated. The three derivatives displayed a strong reduction in allergenicity with 400-900 times lower IgE-binding capacity than recombinant Fel d 1. In addition, they induced a lower degree of basophil activation and similar or stronger T cell proliferation than recombinant Fel d 1. CONCLUSION: By a rational approach, we have constructed three Fel d 1 hypoallergens with reduced IgE-binding capacities and retained T cell reactivities. This strategy may be applied to any well-characterized allergen to improve immunotherapy for allergic patients.     

Production and characterization of an anti-idiotypic single chain Fv that recognizes an anti-DNA antibody

A well-characterized recombinant anti-idiotype to an anti-DNA antibody can be useful for studies of the regulation of anti-DNA-producing B cells. Using a hybridoma technique, a monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody, designated O2F3, was obtained, and its scFv gene was constructed. O2F3 single chain Fv (scFv) was produced against an idiotope of a monoclonal anti-DNA antibody, 3D8, that was obtained from an autoimmune-prone mouse, MRL-lpr/lpr. Here we describe the production and in vitro characterization of the O2F3 scFv, and compare it with its parent monoclonal antibody, O2F3 IgM. To characterize O2F3 scFv and O2F3 IgM, we generated recombinant 3D8 fragments, including 3D8 scFv, 3D8 VH, and 3D8 VL, that were used as antigens in several assays. ELISA and Western blot analysis showed that both O2F3 scFv and O2F3 IgM recognized a conformational determinant formed by the association of the variable region heavy and light chains of the 3D8 antibody, suggesting that O2F3 scFv retained a similar binding pattern to its parent O2F3 antibody. The idiotope recognized by O2F3 was shown by competitive ELISA to be outside of the DNA binding site of the 3D8 antibody. This characterized O2F3 scFv could be applied for the regulation of anti-DNA antibody production and the manipulation of recombinant antibody-based proteins to which toxins, enzymes, and chemical agents can be connected.     

PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AN ANTI-IDIOTYPIC SINGLE CHAIN FV THAT RECOGNIZES AN ANTI-DNA ANTIBODY

A well-characterized recombinant anti-idiotype to an anti-DNA antibody can be useful for studies of the regulation of anti-DNA-producing B cells. Using a hybridoma technique, a monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody, designated O2F3, was obtained, and its scFv gene was constructed. O2F3 single chain Fv (scFv) was produced against an idiotope of a monoclonal anti-DNA antibody, 3D8, that was obtained from an autoimmune-prone mouse, MRL-lpr/lpr. Here we describe the production and in vitro characterization of the O2F3 scFv, and compare it with its parent monoclonal antibody, O2F3 IgM. To characterize O2F3 scFv and O2F3 IgM, we generated recombinant 3D8 fragments, including 3D8 scFv, 3D8 V_H, and 3D8 V_L, that were used as antigens in several assays. ELISA and Western blot analysis showed that both O2F3 scFv and O2F3 IgM recognized a conformational determinant formed by the association of the variable region heavy and light chains of the 3D8 antibody, suggesting that O2F3 scFv retained a similar binding pattern to its parent O2F3 antibody. The idiotope recognized by O2F3 was shown by competitive ELISA to be outside of the DNA binding site of the 3D8 antibody. This characterized O2F3 scFv could be applied for the regulation of anti-DNA antibody production and the manipulation of recombinant antibody-based proteins to which toxins, enzymes, and chemical agents can be connected.     

Demonstration of a partially cryptic epitope of the major cat allergen Fel d 1: consequences for mAb-based standardization of cat extracts

BACKGROUND: Antiallergen mAbs that do not recognize clinically important isoforms have been described, raising the question of the selection of mAbs for quantifying major allergens in order to standardize allergenic extracts. This question is even more critical if mAbs can discriminate between different forms of allergen molecules with the same amino acid sequence. OBJECTIVE: We sought to demonstrate that an anti-Fel d 1 mAb was able to discriminate between two forms of the major cat allergen independently of its amino acid sequence and to determine the relative importance and stability of both forms in various cat extracts. METHODS: Anti-Fel d 1 mAbs were raised in mice and characterized. By using two of these mAbs, a two-site ELISA was developed to quantify Fel d 1 in mass units. RESULTS: One of the anti-Fel d 1 mAbs developed was shown to specifically recognize a particular form of Fel d 1. A two-site ELISA with this mAb to capture Fel d 1 was able to quantify the allergen specifically in this form. It was then shown that (1) the quantitative importance of this form of Fel d 1 could vary from one cat extract to another, (2) Fel d 1 was converted into this form under certain conditions, and (3) both converted and unconverted forms of Fel d 1 may bear IgE epitopes that are specific. CONCLUSION: Although the present study emphasizes the issue of selecting mAbs that are not too specific to standardize allergenic extracts, it also demonstrates that very specific mAbs can be of interest, especially to verify the stability of allergens in extracts, since this stability might have clinical implications.     

基因工程乳腺癌特异性人单链抗体的表达与特性

研究解决分泌人单抗的杂交瘤细胞系难于稳定持久分泌抗体的难题，制备单链抗体，使单抗分子小型化，为进一步研究其在肿瘤诊断和治疗中的应用作准备。从分泌抗乳腺癌人单抗的杂交瘤细胞CM－1总RNA中，利用RT－PCR技术分别扩增出人单抗重链可变区VH基因和轻链可变区VL基因，将扩增产物纯化后克隆于pGEM-T载体中，进行DNA测序和序列比较分析后，将两者共克隆于表达载体中诱导表达，利用斑点免疫印迹及竞争抑制法检测表达产物的抗原性。所克隆的CM－1人单抗重链可变区和轻链可变区基因片段，分别属于人免疫球蛋白IgM Ⅲ亚群，和鼠κ轻链V亚群，ⅩⅦ家族，用斑点免疫印迹法检测可见表达产物能与人乳腺癌细胞特异结合；人CM－1单克隆抗体对此单链抗体与人乳腺癌细胞的结合有竞争性抑制作用，抑制率为75．7％。结论：成功地制备了可特异结合乳腺癌细胞的CM－1单链抗体。     

The change of the scFv into the Fab format improves the stability and in vivo toxin neutralization capacity of recombinant antibodies

The antigen-binding fragment (Fab) has been considered a more functionally stable version of recombinant antibodies than single chain antibody fragments (scFvs), however this intuitive consideration has not been sufficiently proven in vivo. This communication shows that three out of four specific scFvs against a scorpion toxin, with different affinities and stabilities, become neutralizing in vivo when expressed as Fabs, despite the fact that they are not neutralizing in the scFv format. A scFv fragment previously obtained from a neutralizing mouse antibody (BCF2) was used to produce three derived scFvs by directed evolution. Only one of them was neutralizing, however when expressed as Fab, all of them became neutralizing fragments in vivo. The initial scFvBCF2 (earlier used for directed evolution) was not neutralizing in the scFv format. After expressing it as Fab did not become a neutralizing fragment, but did reduce the intoxication symptoms of experimental mice. The stability of the four Fabs derived from their respective scFvs was improved when tested in the presence of guanidinium chloride. The in vitro stability of the Fab format has been shown earlier, but the physiological consequences of this stability are shown in this communication. The present results indicate that improved functional stability conferred by the Fab format can replace additional maturation steps, when the affinity and stability are close to the minimum necessary to be neutralizing.     

抗阿尔茨海默病Aβ人源单链抗体基因的筛选和表达

目的 从人源噬菌体单链抗体库中筛选与阿尔茨海默病发病中起关键作用的β淀粉样多肽(Aβ)1-42特异性结合的单链可变区抗体(scFv)基因,利用原核生物大肠杆菌进行可溶性表达,以获得抗AB1-42人源抗体.方法 利用噬菌体展示技术对人源噬菌体单链抗体库进行多轮富集,以Aβ1-42为抗原经酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)检测,筛选与Aβ1-42特异性结合的阳性噬菌体克隆,再用阳性噬菌体感染E.coli HB2151进行可溶性表达,经SDS-PAGE、Western blot及ELISA法检测scFv单抗的可溶性表达水平及抗原结合活性.并对阳性scFv抗体基因进行基因测序鉴定.结果 获得了7个特异性的抗Aβ1-42 scFv阳性噬菌体克隆,其中4个克隆ELISA检测吸光度值(A值)高于阴性对照5倍以上;其中1株(A 10)获得可溶性单链抗体的成功表达,表达产物主要位于菌体中,ELISA效价显示在全菌蛋白中A值高于对照5倍以上.其相对分子质量约为33 000.DNA测序表明所获抗体的可变区基因属于scFv抗体基因,推导得到的氨基酸序列具有典型的抗体可变区结构.结论 用人源噬菌体单链抗体库筛选出抗Aβ1-42的人源抗体单链可变区基因,并成功表达了具有抗原结合活性的可溶性单链抗体,为进一步研究阿尔茨海默病的发病机制和治疗奠定了基础.