大鼠延髓背角内GABA或甘氨酸免疫阳性终末与Fos阳极投射神经元的联系

目的：观察大鼠延髓背角（MDH）内向丘脑或臂旁核投射的Fos阳性神经元与γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）或甘氨酸（Gly）阳性终末的联系。方法：四甲基罗达明（TMR）逆行追踪结合TMR、Fos、GABA或Gly的免疫荧光三重染色技术。结果：GABA或Gly阳性终末主要分布于延髓背角浅层（Ⅰ、Ⅱ层）；给予面口部痛刺激后，Fos阳性神经元也主要分布于浅层；TMR注入一侧丘脑或臂旁核，逆标神经元分别主要见于对侧或同侧MDH的浅层；部分逆标神经元呈Fos阳性；GABA或Gly阳性终末与Fos阳性投射神经元形成密切接触。结论：MDH内感受面口部伤害性刺激信息的部分神经元向丘脑或臂旁核投射，GABA或Gly可能对这些伤害性感受神经元发挥抑制作用。     

大鼠三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核内向丘脑或臂旁核投射神经元与5-HT样和SP样终末间的联系:激光共聚焦显微镜研究(英文)

用免疫荧光组织化学三重染色技术观察了大鼠三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核（Vc）浅层（Ⅰ层和Ⅱ层）内向丘脑或臂旁核投射的神经元与下行性5-HT样和初级传入的SP样终末之间的联系。将四甲基罗达明（TMR-DA）注入大鼠丘脑或臂旁核,在Vc的Ⅰ、Ⅱ层内可见TMR－DA逆标神经元,主要位于VcⅠ层。在Vc浅层内还可观察到大量的5－HT样和SP样免疫荧光组织化学染色阳性纤维和终未,5－HT样阳性纤维有较多的膨体。Vc内的这些向丘脑或臂旁核投射的TMR－DA逆标神经元与5－HT样和SP样阳性纤维和终末的分布区基本上重叠。在激光共聚焦显微镜下可以看到5－HT样和SP样阳性终末在Vc浅层内分别围绕TMR－DA逆标神经元的胞体和树突的周围并与之形成密切接触;并且观察到5－HT样和SP样阳性终末同时与TMR－DA逆标神经无形成直接的密切接触。提示Vc浅层向丘脑和臂旁核投射的神经元不仅接受外周初级传入的伤害性信息,还接受下行性5-HT能投射纤维的调控。     

大鼠三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核和脊髓向丘脑和臂旁核的谷氨酸能投射

本研究用荧光金逆行追踪与免疫荧光组比技术相结合的方法,对大鼠三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核和脊髓向丘脑和臂旁核的谷氨酸能投射进行了观察。磷酸激活的谷氨酸胺酶（PAG）是谷氨酸能神经元的特异性标识物。PAG样阳性胞体主要位于三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核和颈髓背角的Ⅰ层,少量PAG样阳性胞体也见于它们的Ⅱ层外侧部及外侧网状核。将荧光金注入丘脑腹基底复合体后．荧光金逆标神经元主要见于对侧三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核和颈髓背角的Ⅰ层及外侧网状核;将荧光金注入臂旁核后,荧光金逆标神经元也主要见于对侧三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核和颈髓背角的Ⅰ层及外侧网状核。三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核向丘脑腹基底复合体投射神经元的12．4％,向臂旁核投射神经元的13．2％呈PAG样阳性;颈髓背角浅层向丘脑瓜基底复合体投射神经元的12．7％,向臂旁核投射神经元的14．3％呈PAG样阳性。向丘脑腹基底复合体和臂旁核投射的PAG／荧光金双标神经元分别占三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核浅层内PAG样阳性神经元总数的13％和24．6％,向丘脑腹基底复合体和臂旁核投射的PAG／荧光金双标神经元分别占颈髓背角浅层内PAG样阳性神经元总数的11．6％和30．1％。外侧网状核内的部分PAG样阳性神经元也向丘脑腹基底复合体或臂旁核投射。Ⅰ层内的双?     

大鼠延髓背角内5-羟色胺、脑啡肽、γ-氨基丁酸、甘氨酸或P-物质能终末与钙结合蛋白阳性神经元间的联系(英文)

CB(calbindin-D28k),CR(calretinin)和PV(parvalbumin)是最常见的3种钙结合蛋白(calcium-binding proteins,CaBPs)。本研究首先观察了面口部给予伤害性刺激诱发大鼠延髓背角(又称三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核)神经元表达FOS蛋白的状况;然后通过免疫荧光组织化学技术检测这些神经元内是否含有CaBPs(CB、CR和PV);最后通过免疫荧光和免疫电镜染色技术观察5-HT、GABA、甘氨酸转运体2(glycine transporter 2,GlyT2)、脑啡肽(enkephalin,ENK)或SP与CaBPs/FOS双标神经元间的联系。在光镜下可观察到:(1) FOS阳性神经元在延髓背角各层均有分布,以Ⅱ层最为密集;(2)大多数CB、CR或PV阳性神经元位于Ⅱ层,余者分布在Ⅰ层和Ⅲ层;(3) 5-HT、GABA、GlyT2,ENK及SP阳性纤维和终末主要位于延髓背角浅层(4)部分FOS阳性神经元同时呈CB、CR或PV阳性;(5) 5-HT、GABA、GlyT2或ENK阳性终末分别与FOS/CB、FOS/CR或FOS/PV双标神经元形成密切接触;(6) SP阳性终末与5-HT、GABA、GlyT2或ENK阳性终末同时与CB、CR或PV阳性神经元形成密切接触。在电镜下观察到5-HT、GABA、GlyT2或ENK阳性终末与CB、CR或PV阳性神经元主要形成对称型(抑制性)突触联系。这些结果提示在大鼠延髓背角,5-HT、GABA、甘氨酸或ENK可能通过抑制含钙结合蛋白的伤害性感受神经元来调节面口部伤害性信息的传递。     

大鼠三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核和脊髓向丘脑和臂旁核的强啡肽能和一氧化氮能投射

本文用荧光金逆行追踪与免疫荧光组化染色相结合的方法，对大鼠三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核和颈髓背角浅层向丘脑腹基底复合体和臂旁核的强啡肽能和NO能投射进行了研究．强啡肽原前体样阳性胞体主要位于尾侧亚核和颈髓背角的Ⅰ层和Ⅱ层外侧部；NOS样阳性胞体主要位于尾侧亚核和颈够背角Ⅱ层，Ⅰ层较少。将荧光金注入丘脑腹基底复合体后，荧光金逆标神经元主要见于对侧尾侧亚核、颈髓背角的Ⅰ层和外侧网状核，Ⅱ层偶见；将荧光金注入臂旁核后，逆标神经元主要见于同侧尾侧亚核和颈髓背角的Ⅰ、Ⅱ层，少量位于外侧网状核。尾侧亚核向丘脑瓜基底复合体投射神经元的16．6％，向臂旁核投射神经元的24．8％呈强啡肽原前体样阳性；颈髓背角浅层向丘脑腹基底复合体投射神经元的19．2％，向臂旁核投射神经元的272％呈强啡肽原前体样阳性。向丘脑腹基底复合体和臂旁核投射的强啡肽原前体／荧光金双标神经元分别占尾侧亚核浅层内强啡肽原前体样阳性神经元总数的7％和18％，分别占颈髓背角浅层内强啡肽原前体样阳性神经元总数的8．1％和21．9％。这些双标神经元多呈大梭形及中等大圆形和梨形。由昆侧亚核向丘脑腹基底复合体投射神经元的5．1％呈NOS阳性，向臂旁核投射神经元的11．8％呈NOS阳性。由颈髓背角浅层向丘脑版?     

小鼠脊髓背角神经元向臂旁核及丘脑中线/板内核群的分支投射

目的:观察脊髓背角P物质受体(substance P receptor,SPR)阳性神经元向臂旁核及中线/板内核群的分支投射并为其参与痒觉信息传递提供证据。方法:利用小动物脑立体定位仪向10只8周龄C57BL/6小鼠的臂旁核及丘脑中线/板内核群内分别注射四甲基罗达明(tetramethylrhodamine-dextran,TMR)及荧光金(fluoro-gold,FG),观察小鼠脊髓背角的TMR/FG双标神经元。结合免疫荧光组织化学染色方法观察双标神经元表达SPR和在急性痒模型下表达Fos的情况。结果:脊髓背角I层、脊髓外侧核(lateral spinal nucleus,LSN)及脊髓背角IV～V层均可观察到TMR/FG双标神经元,且部分双标神经元分别表达SPR及Fos蛋白。结论:脊髓背角存在同时向臂旁核及丘脑中线/板内核群发出分支投射的神经元,部分双标神经元表达SPR并参与痒觉信息的传递。     

大鼠腰髓内Calbindin D-28K样、SP受体样及Fos阳性神经元向臂旁外侧核的投射

目的观察大鼠腰髓向臂旁外侧核(LPB)投射的Calbindin D-28K(CB)样阳性神经元与外周伤害性刺激信息传递和SP受体(SPR)样阳性神经元之间的关系。方法四甲基罗达明(TMR)逆行追踪与CB、SPR或Fos免疫荧光组织化学染色相结合的三标方法，在激光共聚焦显微镜下进行观察。结果1．将TMR注入一侧LPB后，大量的TMR逆标神经元主要见于同侧腰髓背角Ⅰ层、外侧脊核(LSN)和中央管周围灰质(X层)。Ⅱ层内也可见少量散在分布的TMR逆标神经元。2．CB样阳性神经元主要分布于腰髓背角Ⅰ、Ⅱ层，尤其在Ⅱ层内可见大量的CB样阳性细胞呈密集分布。3．SPR样阳性神经元主要见于腰髓背角Ⅰ层、LSN和X层。Ⅱ层内也可见少量的SPR阳性神经元。4．5％福尔马林注入大鼠同侧足底后诱导的Fos阳性神经元主要见于腰髓背角Ⅰ、Ⅱ层、Ⅴ～Ⅶ的外侧部。5．TMR／CB／SPR和TMR／CB／Fos三标神经元均主要分布于背角Ⅰ层，Ⅱ层内也有少量的三标神经元。其中位于Ⅰ、Ⅱ内的TMR／CB／SPR三标神经元数分别各占TMR、CB和SPR单标神经元数的10．3％、9．8％和14．6％，而TMR／CB／Fos三标神经元数分别各占TMR、CB和Fos单标神经元数的11．8％、10．6％和15．8％。结论腰髓背角Ⅰ、Ⅱ层内，传递外周伤害性刺激信息并向LPB投射的部分CB样阳性神经元可能接受SP能的初级传入。     

大鼠三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核Ⅱ层内CB样、PV样阳性终末与向臂旁核投射神经元的突触联系

为了观察三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核 层神经元与向臂旁核投射神经元的突触关系 ,选用 Calbindin D-2 8k和 Parvalbu-min作为标志物 ,采用 HRP逆行追踪与免疫组织化学技术相结合的双重反应技术对 层内的 Calbindin D-2 8k样和 Parvalbumin样阳性神经元与三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核向臂旁核投射神经元之间的突触联系进行了观察。HRP注入臂旁核后 ,逆标神经元主要位于同侧三叉尾侧亚核 层至 层。Calbindin D-2 8k和 Parvalbumin样阳性胞体、纤维和终末主要集中在 层内侧带。电镜下观察 ,此二者的阳性反应产物呈弥散分布 ;两者的阳性终末与 HRP逆标神经元的胞体和树突之间主要形成轴 -树突触 ,偶见轴 -体突触 ;Calbindin D-2 8k样阳性终末与 HRP逆标神经元的树突形成的非对称性突触占 83% ,Parvalbumin样阳性终末与 HRP逆标神经元的树突形成的对称性突触占 85 %。此外 ,还观察到参与突触小球组成的初级传入纤维终末与 HRP逆标神经元的树突形成突触联系。以上结果提示 :(1)三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核 层的 Calbindin D-2 8k样或 Parvalbumin样阳性神经元可通过突触传递机制对三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核向臂旁核投射的神经元进行调控 ,影响外周伤害性信息向上位脑结构的传递 ;(2 )三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核向臂旁核投?     

大鼠三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核Ⅱ层内CB样、PV样阳性终末与向臂旁核投身射神经元的突触联系

为了观察三叉神经脊束核尾亚核Ⅱ层神经元与向臂旁核投射神经元的突触关系,选用Calbindin D-28k和Parvalbu-min作为标志物,采用HRP逆行追踪与免疫组织化学技术相结合的双重反应技术对Ⅱ层内的Calbindin D-28k样和Parvalbumin要位于同侧三叉尾侧亚核Ⅰ屋至Ⅲ层。Calbindin D-28k和Parvalbumin样阳性胞体、纤维和终末主要集中在Ⅱ层内侧带,电镜下观察,此二者的阳性反应产物呈弥散分布;两者的阳性终末与HRP逆标神经元的胞体和树突之间主要形成轴－树突触,偶见轴体突触;CalbindinD-28k样阳性终末与HRP逆标神经元的树突形成的对称性触占85％。此外,还观察到参与突触小球组成的初级传入纤维终末与HRP逆标神经元的树突形成突触联系。以上结果显示：（1）三叉脊束核尾侧亚核Ⅱ层的Calbindin D-28k样或Parvalbumin样阳性神经元可通过突触机制对三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核向臂旁核投射的神经元进行调控,影响外周伤害性信息向上位脑结构的传递;（2）三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核向臂旁核投射的神圣凶可能参与面口部伤害性信息的直接传递。     

大鼠三叉神经尾侧亚核内Fos及SP受体免疫反应神经元向丘脑腹后内…

为了探讨三叉尾侧亚核内向丘脑腹牛内介核直接投射的神经元与面口部伤害性刺激信息传递和ＳＰ能传入的关系，本研究用四甲基罗达明逆行追踪与Ｆｏｓ和ＳＰ受体免疫组织化学染色相结合的双标方法研究了ＶＣ向ＶＰＭ投射的神经元。结果表明：１．Ｆｏｓ阳性神经元主要分布在Ｖｃ浅层，２；ＳＰ受体阳性神经元也主要分布在ＶＣ浅层；３．ＴＭＲ注射入一侧ＶＰＭ，逆标神经元仅见于对侧ＶＣ和双侧延髓网状结构；４．ＶＣⅠ层内ＴＭＲ逆标     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.