Distant metastasis in malignancies of the head and neck

It is a well known fact that disease in head and neck cancer remains confined above the clavicle in a majority of cases for a considerable length of time. The causes of death in head and neck cancer patients are known to be due to lymph node metastasis, fungation, asphyxia, cachexia, invasion of major vessels and infection. Distant metastasis occurs late in the disease. However, many reports have appeared in the literature which indicate a high incidence of distant metastasis in head and neck malignancies. Merino et al. (1977), in a clinical study, have indicated an incidence of 10.9 per cent. Studies based on autopsy findings, however, quote a much higher figure (30 per cent, Papac, 1984; 57 per cent, Gowen and Dessuto Nagy, 1963). Dennington and Caster (1980) reported that at least seven per cent of patients with head and neck cancer have distant metastasis when first seen. The present study was designed to find out the incidence of distant metastasis in our head and neck cancer patients.     

头颈部恶性肿瘤诊断与治疗的精准评估

头颈部恶性肿瘤的评估是其诊疗过程中最重要的环节之一,是成功施治的前提和关键。评估内容不仅包含原发灶和转移灶的位置、范围,也应同时涵盖器官功能状态以及治疗方案的合理性,并贯穿术前、术中及术后随访的全过程。本文论述了头颈部常见恶性肿瘤围手术期的评估方法,着重强调在规范化的前提下对不同肿瘤、不同病例进行精准化、个体化的评估,...     

Multiple primary malignancies in head and neck cancer

Multiple primary (MP) malignancies were found in 9.7% of 1961 patients with primary head and neck cancer diagnosed at The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, during the years 1975 to 1985. The index tumors were divided into six main groups. Out of the 190 MP malignancies, 46.9% were synchronous and 53.1% were metachronous. Seventy-four percent of MP lesions were noted during the first year after diagnosis of the index primary tumor. Patients with an index tumor in the upper aerodigestive tract had a significantly increased risk of developing a second cancer in the head and neck area. This risk was 5.94 for the oral cavity, 6.98 for the pharynx, 3.57 for the larynx, and 7.02 for the esophagus. Patients with an index tumor in the salivary gland or the thyroid gland had, respectively, a 3.59 and a 7.38 higher risk than the general population of developing a second tumor. Efforts aimed at improving the survival of patients with head and neck cancer must incorporate strategies for the prevention, early detection, and treatment of MP neoplasms.     

Multiple malignancies in patients with primary carcinomas of the head and neck

Eight hundred and twenty-five patients with primary carcinomas of the head and neck area were studied. Of these, there were 54 individuals with multiple primary neoplasms. Synchronous lesions occurred in 19 patients while nonsynchronous lesions occurred in 35. The frequency of occurrence of second neoplasms was 6.5%, which nearly doubles that of previously recorded series. A conclusion which can be made from this study is that, as long as the carcinogenic agent (alcohol and/or tobacco) continues to be present, the patient will continue to be affected.     

Multiple primary carcinomas in patients with head and neck malignancies

BACKGROUND: Multiple primary tumors can lead to diagnostic and therapeutical problems. In this study we surveyed frequency, localisation, diagnostic, chronologic and therapeutic aspects of multiple primary carcinomas in patients with head and neck tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The data of 843 patients from the tumor registry of the ENT-clinic Aachen were retrospectively studied. RESULTS: Larynx (41.87%) and oropharynx (12.57%) were the main localisation of the first primary neoplasma. In 65 patients (7.71%) multiple primary tumors were observed. 24.6% of these tumors occurred synchronously. Preferential localisation of a second tumor were lung (20%), oral cavity (15.3%) and larynx (13.8%). 28.57% of the metachronous tumors were observed after more than five years. In 46.15% clinical complaints led to the suspicion of a second tumor. Panendoscopy was the most reliable diagnostic procedure. The survival rate and time was significantly reduced in patients with synchronous tumors. 3-year survival rate was 15% compared to 81% in patients with metachronous tumor appearance (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Patients with head and neck tumors have a high incidence of multiple primary malignomas varying from the region of the first presentation of a malignant tumor. Concepts comprising surgery provide the highest survival rates. Because of the high incidence of metachronous carcinomas after five years found in this study, the authors regard a prolonged follow-up period as necessary.     

侧颅底相关头颈部恶性肿瘤分析

目的侧颅底相关头颈部恶性肿瘤治疗难度大、预后较差,本研究旨在探讨其治疗方法及预后相关因素。方法回顾性分析55例侧颅底相关头颈部恶性肿瘤患者的资料。均采用手术为主的治疗,其中颈下颌入路23例,颞下窝入路24例,颅面联合入路6例,上颌骨外翻入路1例,Weber-Ferguson+Lynch延长切口1例。结果全组局部复发率41.8%,远处转移率14.5%,3年总体生存率为50.9%。单因素分析,初治患者3年生存率60.6%,复治患者3年生存率36.4%。Cox模型分析,初治复治与病理类型差异具有统计学意义。结论初治复治及病理类型是侧颅底相关恶性肿瘤的独立预后因素。应重视侧颅底相关恶性肿瘤的外科治疗,合理的手术方法以及必要的辅助治疗有望改善侧颅底相关恶性肿瘤的预后。     

Secondary primary malignancies in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Second primary malignancies pose a significant clinical challenge to the head and neck oncologist. The prognosis for these patients is poor and therefore early detection of these tumours is essential. There are considerable differences in the reported cohorts of patients and the biological behaviour of these tumours throughout the world literature. This is particularly marked when there is considerable demographic variation present. The behaviour of second primary malignancies in 425 Irish patients with head and neck cancer was reviewed retrospectively. The overall incidence of second cancers was 8.5 per cent. There were a higher proportion of oral cancer patients 47 per cent, the second cancers overall presented with a more advanced T stage, and the overall five-year survival was much lower than that of the index tumour.