无锡市1岁—5岁儿童血铅水平分析

目的：了解无锡市 １ 岁～５ 岁儿童血铅水平现状。方法：左手中指指尖血,用原子吸收石墨炉法测定儿童血铅浓度。结果：１１２２ 名儿童血铅平均水平为 ８６４７±３１ ３４μｇ／ Ｌ。血铅值≥１ ００μｇ ／ Ｌ 的儿童共 ３０ ９ 名,占 ２７５４％ 。结论：无锡市 １ 岁～５ 岁儿童铅污染状况不容乐观。     

兰州市儿童血铅水平与环境铅污染的关系

儿童铅中毒已成为世人瞩目的重要的环境卫生问题.兰州市有色冶金、蓄电池、油漆、石油化工、汽车修理和机械加工等企业较多,铁路、公路运输比较发达.特别是兰州市的特殊地形,坐落于峡谷地带,四面环山,大气逆温层厚,全年静风日长,大气环境较差,影响空气污染物的稀释扩散.     

阳泉煤矿地区儿童血铅水平调查分析

【目的】了解阳泉煤矿地区儿童的血铅水平及其影响因素,为有效干预提供理论依据。【方法】采用分层抽样法对阳泉市矿区、郊区、市区的0~13岁1 029名儿童,进行血铅水平测定及问卷调查。【结果】阳泉三区儿童血铅均值分别为矿区组(5.11±3.03)μg/L、市区组(3.74±2.06)μg/L、郊区组(2.99±2.44)μg/L。矿区高于市区和郊区,差异有显著性(P0.05)。6~13岁年龄段血铅水平(4.36±2.70)μg/L,高于小年龄段,差异有显著性(P0.05)。男童血铅水平(4.01±2.77)μg/L、女童为(3.86±2.57)μg/L,差异无显著性(P0.05)。【结论】矿区儿童血铅水平较高,煤矿环境铅污染可能是危害阳泉儿童健康的重要原因之一,应引起高度重视并采取有效的干预措施。     

柳州城区学龄前儿童血铅水平分析

铅是一种具有神经发育毒性的重金属元素,它对人类健康的影响是多方面的,尤其是低浓度铅对儿童各个系统的危害已日益受到国内外学者的广泛关注。为了解近年来柳州城区学龄前儿童铅中毒状况,探讨不同年龄阶段、不同性别以及工业区跟普通市区儿童铅中毒情况,于2005年6月~2007年9月     

儿童血铅水平相关因素分析

随着现代工业和现代交通的迅猛发展，铅污染逐渐成为突出的问题。本文检测了大同市铁路地区部分儿童血铅的含量，同时对可能影响儿童铅暴露水平的相关因素进行了分析。旨在探讨铅对儿童键康的影响及预防。     

城市与农村学龄儿童血铅水平测定结果分析

环境中的铅主要来自工业铅污染源。汽车排放的尾汽等环境铅接触对儿童健康的危害是医学界普遍关注的问题,学龄儿童生活环境中还有可能接触到家庭尘土铅、饮用水铅、儿童手涂抹铅等。铅具有神经毒性。随着现代化工业、交通运输业的发展及铅在各个领域的广泛使用,环境铅污...     

顺德大良地区学龄前儿童血铅水平调查

目的通过调查顺德大良地区2 285例3~6岁儿童末梢血铅水平,为制定相关公共卫生政策提供依据。方法采集大良2 285例3~6岁儿童末梢血,用电感耦合高频等离子发射光谱法进行血铅检测,并对检测结果进行统计学处理。结果 2 285例学龄前儿童血铅水平为(44.77±17.73)μg/L,铅中毒率1.8%,以轻度铅中毒为主。统计分析显示不同性别儿童铅中毒率比较及城乡间儿童铅中毒率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。男童铅中毒率高于女童(P0.05);农村儿童铅中毒率高于城镇儿童(P0.01)。结论重点关注农村地区儿童的铅中毒防治;提高居民环保意识,保障儿童健康成长。     

儿童血铅测定分析

目的:对儿童的血铅检测水平进行研究分析。方法:抽取在过去一段时间内在我院进行血铅水平测定的儿童资料134份,其中包括66例高血铅儿童,将其定义为A组;66例血铅水平正常的儿童,将其定义为B组。对两组儿童的MCV、MCH水平、头痛、食欲减退、多动、咬学习用品的人数进行比较分析。结果:B组研究对象的MCV、MCH水平明显高于A组研究对象;该组研究对象中出现头痛、食欲减退、多动、咬学习用品的人数明显少于A组研究对象。结论:对儿童的血铅水平进行准确监测,并有针对性对其进行控制,可以使儿童的血铅水平、MCV、MCH水平保持正常,防止儿童出现头痛、食欲减退、多动、咬学习用品等现象,应对该项监测给予充分的重视。     

泸州市学龄前儿童血铅水平检测结果分析

目的了解泸州市学龄前儿童血铅含量，探讨其综合防治措施。方法以泸州医学院附属医院儿科保健科体检的5502例6岁以下儿童为检测对象．用原子吸收光谱仪测量其铅含量，微机统计分析。结果铅元素的含量不具有显著的性别差异性P〉0．05，具有显著的年龄差异性．P〈0．05。结论泸州市学龄前儿童铅元素随年龄增加而上升，年龄越大，捡出率越高。应予以以足够重视，注意饮食合理，营养平衡及环境污染的治理及个人和家庭卫生，防治铅重毒。     

隆昌县铅中毒儿童血铅水平检测结果分析

[目的]了解隆昌县铅中毒儿童含量,探讨其综合防治措施以及血铅污染的来源。[方法]以隆昌县鱼建镇金属铅回收厂周围800m以内的1～12岁的424名儿童作为检测对象,以2009年7月～2010年2月泸州医学院附属医院儿科体检的3548名儿童作为参考对象,用原子吸收光谱仪测量其铅含量,计算机统计分析。[结果]隆昌县鱼建镇金属铅回收厂周围800m以内的4岁以下的儿童铅元素含量与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01),4岁以上的儿童铅元素含量与对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P﹤0.05),且年龄越小铅中毒阳性率越高。[结论]隆昌县鱼建镇金属铅回收厂周围800m以内的儿童铅元素含量明显高于对照组,且随年龄减少而上升,年龄越小,捡出率越高。应予以足够重视,寻找污染来源,注意环境污染的治理及个人和家庭卫生,保持饮食合理,营养平衡,防治铅重毒给儿童带来的伤害。     

1755例儿童血铅水平分析

目的:了解长沙市儿童血铅水平。方法:采用日本日立公司Z-2700石墨炉原子吸收光谱仪对1755例0～12岁健康体检儿童进行血铅检测。结果:1755名儿童中高铅血症检出率为10.6%,血铅平均值66.6μg/L,其中男童检出率为11.0%,女童检出率为10.2%;城市儿童检出率为8.0%,农村儿童检出率为13.9%,农村明显高于城市,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);各年龄组中幼儿组高铅血症检出率最高14.2%,学龄前组次之12.5%,学龄组8.4%及婴儿组7.2%检出率相对较低。结论:应加强铅中毒危害知识的宣传教育,尤其应针对农村地区及婴幼儿的家长开展相关健康宣教,预防儿童铅中毒发生。     

杭州市3528例儿童血铅水平调查

目的:了解杭州市10岁以下儿童血铅水平及高血铅检出率。方法:用原子吸收光谱分析法对3 528例儿童进行血铅含量测定,比较不同性别和年龄组之间的差异。结果:3 528例儿童血铅平均值为24.91μg/L,其中>100μg/L有37例,占1.04%;不同性别儿童间血铅水平几何均值差异有统讲学意义,而高血铅检出率差异无统计学意义;不同年龄儿童的血铅水平几何均值差异无统计学意义,高血铅检出率有统计学差异。结论:杭州市儿童血铅水平较低,但铅中毒情况依然存在,应采取进一步措施减少儿童铅接触。     

儿童血铅含量调查分析

目的 筛查儿童血铅水平,能及早发现儿童铅中毒,可达到预防、提早干预和治疗的目的 ,提高本地区儿童的健康水平.方法 对2168名12岁以内儿童的血铅筛查资料进行了归纳、分析.结果 2168例儿童当中血铅≥200 μg/L(0.97 μmol/L)的儿童共159名,占总检查人数的7.33%,均为轻到中度中毒,且多表现不典型.多数患儿能找出铅接触危险因素,中毒程度与多重危险因素相关.惠儿均给予去除铅接触危险因素、营养指导等处理,2～3个月后复查血铅,其血铅水平均有不同程度下降.结论 儿童铅中毒是完全可以预防的,通过环境干预、开展健康教育、有重点的筛查和监测等措施,可以预防和早发现、早干预儿童铅中毒.     

Declining blood lead levels in Victorian children

Abstract: To investigate the distribution of blood lead levels in a sample of Victorian children, and to compare current levels with those from a similar survey in 1979, blood was tested for lead in 252 children (123 under five years) attending Royal Children's Hospital as outpatients and having venepuncture blood samples for medical reasons. Blood lead levels were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The mean blood lead level was 0.26 μmol/L (5.4 μg/dL). In the under-five age group, the mean was 0.28 μmol/L (5.7 μg/dL). Only 1.6 per cent of this group exceeded the National Health and Medical Research Council action level of 0.72 μmol/L (15 μg/dL). Levels in this age group have declined significantly since 1979, when the mean was 0.54 μmol/L (11.1 μg/dL) and 12.9 per cent exceeded 0.72 μmol/L (15 μg/dL). Average blood lead levels have halved since 1979, with likely contributing factors being reduced exposure from lead in diet, reduced access to lead in paint and reduced lead in ambient air. Children with elevated levels had identifiable risk factors such as pica or exposure to lead-based paint, suggesting the need for ongoing public health action to prevent exposure in these groups.     

铅对儿童甲状腺功能影响的研究

【目的】本文主要探讨铅中毒对儿童甲状腺功能的影响。【方法】入选对象为0~6岁的儿童,血铅采用钨舟原子吸收光谱法测定,并根据血铅的水平<100μg/L,100~200μg/L,200~499μg/L将儿童分为正常血铅组、轻度铅中毒组和中度铅中毒组。对三组对象均采用化学发光免疫技术,分别测其TT3、TT4、FT3、FT4、TSH共5项甲状腺功能指标,并计算出FT4/TSH的比值,将三组甲状腺功能指标和FT4/TSH的比值进行方差分析。【结果】正常血铅组、轻度铅中毒组和中度铅中毒组TT3、TT4、FT3、FT4值差异均无显著性,而三组的TSH值,FT4/TSH比值存在显著性差异。【结论】虽然未达到甲状腺功能低下的程度,但是轻中度铅中毒对儿童甲状腺功能已存在影响;并且随着血中铅浓度的增高,甲状腺功能损害的程度也会加重。     

Moderate lead poisoning: trends in blood lead levels in unchelated children.

The appropriate clinical management of children who are moderately poisoned with lead (Pb) is under active investigation. To determine the pattern of change in blood Pb (BPb) levels in the absence of chelation therapy, we followed moderately Pb-poisoned children (initial blood Pb levels 1.21-2.66 mumol/l or 25-55 micrograms/dl) for 6 months with repeated BPb level measurements. Chelation therapy was not administered because all the children had negative lead mobilization tests indicating limited response to the chelating agent, calcium disodium edetate (CaNa2EDTA). Eligible children received the following interventions: notification of the health department to remediate lead hazards; reinforced educational efforts about the toxicity sources and treatment of Pb during 10 clinic and 3 home visits; and iron therapy for children with ferritin levels less than 16 micrograms/l. To quantify the lead paint hazards in the home, we combined a visual rating of the surfaces (intact to peeling) with an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurement of the lead content of the painted surface. The sum of these assessments is termed the home environmental score (HES). Data were analyzed from 79 children. BPb levels declined by 27%, on average, over 6 months. HES was correlated with BPb at enrollment, but neither the initial nor later HES measurements predicted BPb at other time points. The HES was highest at enrollment and declined by 50% and 75% at the second and third home visits, respectively. However, only a minority of the children (20%) achieved an HES of 0, indicating no lead paint hazards at home. Despite some ongoing Pb exposure, a parallel fall in BPb levels was observed in subgroups of children with either initially low or high HES (above or below the median HES of 37). Iron status did not account for the change in BPb levels. These data provide evidence that our measure, the HES, is quantifiably related to BPb levels in children, that this correlation is significant only prior to intervention; and that BPb levels decline in children who are moderately poisoned with Pb after they are enrolled in a comprehensive intervention program, even in the absence of chelation therapy and in the presence of ongoing lead paint exposure and Fe deficiency.     

Elevated blood lead levels in children of construction workers.

OBJECTIVES: This study examined whether children of lead-exposed construction workers had higher blood lead levels than neighborhood control children. METHODS: Twenty-nine construction workers were identified from the New Jersey Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance (ABLES) registry. Eighteen control families were referred by workers. Venous blood samples were collected from 50 children (31 exposed, 19 control subjects) under age 6. RESULTS: Twenty-six percent of workers children had blood lead levels at or over the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention action level of 0.48 mumol/L (10 micrograms/dL), compared with 5% of control children (unadjusted odds ratio = 6.1; 95% confidence interval = 0.9, 147.2). CONCLUSIONS: Children of construction workers may be at risk for excessive lead exposure. Health care providers should assess parental occupation as a possible pathway for lead exposure of young children.     

胶南市儿童血铅水平1514例调查

目的探讨胶南市儿童血铅水平及其影响因素。方法使用原子吸收分光谱仪（北京博辉）测定末梢血全血铅含量。结果0～6岁儿童血铅水平平均浓度为43．3μg／L,其中≥100μg／L的占8．58％。不同性别间儿童血铅水平均值和铅中毒率差别有显著性,不同年龄组的儿童血铅水平均值随年龄的增长逐步上升。结论为降低儿童铅水平,应增加锌、铁供给,培养良好的卫生习惯和良好的饮食习惯,不吃含铅量高的食品,避免去铅污染严重的地方。