腹腔镜超声在腹腔镜肝切除术中的应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜超声在腹腔镜肝切除术中的应用价值。方法:用腹腔镜行肝切除术24例,其中肝血管瘤17例,原发性肝癌7例。术中常规应用腹腔镜超声检查了解肿瘤与周围组织的解剖关系,确定肿瘤分期和手术解剖入路。结果:13例行全腹腔镜肝切除术,9例行手助腹腔镜肝切除术。术中超声检查后中转开腹2例。手术平均出血量230ml,术后无并发症发生。结论:腹腔镜超声在腹腔镜肝切除术中能够确定肿瘤位置、临床分期并指导手术入路,提高了肝切除术的安全性,减少了手术并发症。     

Combined robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy and laparoscopic hemicolectomy

A 60-year-old man with prostatic adenocarcinoma and a synchronous tubulovillous adenomatous polyp of the colon underwent a successful robotic radical prostatectomy combined with a laparoscopic right hemicolectomy. We describe the initial report of this combined, minimally invasive procedure involving separate organ systems and surgical disciplines, and describe our technique.     

一组腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术病例的术后随访观察

目的随访观察一组腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术病例的术后疗效。方法回顾性分析2004年4月-2013年12月97例我院行腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术的患者资料。术后随访时间最长8年余,最短为6个月。随访期内行腹部彩超、CT、MRI等检查。结果术后右上腹疼痛者9例,3例因胆囊结石残留二次行胆囊残株切除术,无胆总管狭窄等严重远期并发症出现。结论腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术对某些病例是安全有效的治疗方法,对于结石残留的胆囊残株炎病例仍需二次手术切除残留的胆囊。     

全腔镜下吻合技术在腹腔镜胃癌根治术中的应用

目的 探讨全腔镜下吻合技术在腹腔镜胃癌根治术中的安全性及可行性.方法 回顾分析2012年7月-2013年7月吉林大学第二医院胃肠外科实施腹腔镜胃癌根治术全腔镜下吻合（36例,全腔镜吻合组）与小切口辅助吻合（47例, 小切口辅助组）患者的临床资料,并对两组临床资料进行对比分析.结果 83例患者均成功实施手术,无一例中转开腹.小切口辅助组切口长度为（7.1±0.9） cm,全腔镜吻合组为（2.6±0.4） cm.小切口辅助组吻合时间为（70.9±9.0） min,全腔镜吻合组为（29.1±4.9） min.术后小切口辅助组中度疼痛者6例,余41例为重度疼痛;全腔镜吻合组中度疼痛者29例,余7例为重度疼痛.小切口辅助组术后发生吻合口瘘1例,全腔镜吻合组未出现吻合口瘘及吻合口出血等并发症.结论 全腔镜下吻合技术在腹腔镜胃癌根治术中安全、可行,与小切口辅助吻合相比具有手术时间短和疼痛感减轻等优势.     

Advanced laparoscopic training and outcomes in laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background

Advanced laparoscopic training is becoming a valuable asset for surgeons as more procedures are carried out in a minimally invasive fashion. The purpose of our study was to determine whether laparoscopic fellowship training affects outcomes in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis.

Methods

We obtained data from a retrospective review of 110 patients with acute cholecystitis who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy on an urgent basis from March 2002 to June 2005. We compared the outcomes of 31 patients whose surgeries were performed by a surgeon with advanced laparoscopic training with those of 79 patients whose surgeries were performed by surgeons without such training.

Results

The 2 groups were similar in terms of demographics and time to surgery. Outcome measures included conversion rates, postoperative length of stay (LOS) and complications. There was a significant difference in conversion rates (3.2 % v. 16.5 %, p = 0.050) and postoperative LOS (1.77 v. 2.82 d, p < 0.006) between the 2 groups, but there was no difference in the rate of postoperative complications. There was no significant difference in conversion rates among the surgeons without advanced training (p = 0.64).

Conclusion

Based on our results, laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis is associated with improved outcomes when performed by a surgeon with fellowship training in laparoscopic surgery.     

双镜联合保胆取石术与腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗胆囊结石的效果比较

对比腹腔镜联合胆道镜(双镜联合)保胆取石术与腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗胆囊结石的效果。对我科2014年1月—2016年10月行双镜联合保胆取石的62例胆囊结石患者(观察组)和行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)的62例胆囊结石患者(对照组)的临床资料进行比较。两组患者均顺利完成手术。观察组术后彩超复查未见结石残留,术后随访12个月、36个月,结石复发率分别为1.6%、3.2%;但术后腹胀、腹泻、反流性胃炎发生率明显较低,患者生活质量优于对照组。术前掌握好适应证,双镜联合保胆取石术治疗胆囊结石安全可靠。     

Subclinical hepatic dysfunction in laparoscopic cholecystectomy and laparoscopic colectomy

Laparoscopic surgery causes a reduction in hepatic blood flowdue to a number of factors, including raised intra-abdominalpressure, the neurohumoral response to surgical stress and theeffect of patient position. The clinical significance of thephenomenon is not fully understood. Plasma concentrations ofalcohol dehydrogenase (AD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST),which are concentrated in the centrilobular acinus of the liver,sensitively reflect hepatic hypoperfusion, and can be used tomonitor reductions in hepatic blood flow. We compared perioperativeAD, GST, aspartate aminotransferase (AST, normal range 14–32IU litre^–1) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT, normalrange 8–41 U litre^–1) concentrations inpatients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy or laparoscopiccolectomy to study how patient position and surgical manipulationof the liver affect hepatocellular integrity during laparoscopy.There were significant postoperative increases in AD and GSTin the cholecystectomy group [mean (SD) peak concentration 10.8(4.7) U litre^–1 and 113 (55) µg litre^–1respectively]. Although the duration of pneumoperitoneum waslonger in the colectomy group, there were no comparable perioperativeincreases in AD and GST in this group [peak concentration 4.0(4.0) U litre^–1 and 33 (35) µg litre^–1respectively]. AST and ALT on the first postoperative day weresignificantly higher in the laparoscopic cholecystectomy group(41 and 34 U litre^–1 respectively) than in thelaparoscopic colectomy group (24 and 18 U litre^–1;P<0.05 for each). These results indicate that patient positionand the effects of surgical manipulation of the liver affectperioperative hepatic perfusion significantly. Br J Anaesth 2001; 87: 774–6     

Conventional laparoscopic adrenalectomy versus laparoscopic adrenalectomy through mono port

A standard procedure for single-port laparoscopic adrenal surgery has not been established. We retrospectively investigated intraoperative and postoperative outcomes after laparoscopic adrenalectomy through mono port (LAMP) and conventional laparoscopic adrenalectomy to assess the feasibility of LAMP. Between March 2008 and December 2009, 22 patients underwent adrenalectomy at the Department of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital. Twelve patients underwent conventional laparoscopic adrenalectomy and 10 patients underwent LAMP. The same surgeon performed all the surgeries. The 2 procedures were compared in terms of tumor size, operating time, time to resumption of a soft diet, length of hospital day, and postoperative complications. The 2 groups were similar in terms of tumor size (30.08 vs. 32.50 mm, P=0.796), mean operating time (112.9 vs. 127 min, P=0.316), time to resumption of a soft diet (1.25 vs. 1.30 d, P=0.805), and length of hospital day (4.08 vs. 4.50 d, P=0.447). Despite 1 patient in the LAMP group experiencing ipsilateral pleural effusion as a postoperative complication, this parameter was similar for the 2 groups (P=0.195). Perioperative mortality, blood transfusion, and conversion to open surgery did not occur. Perioperative outcomes for LAMP were similar to those for conventional laparoscopic adrenalectomy. LAMP appears to be a feasible option for adrenalectomy.     

介入超声在腹腔镜下保留肾单位手术中的应用

目的 探讨介入超声辅助后腹腔镜下保留肾单位手术治疗肾肿瘤的方法与疗效.方法 肾肿瘤患者20例.男11例,女9例.年龄33～73岁,平均53岁.肾癌12例,肿瘤平均直径2.9(1.4～4.6)cm,临床分期均为T1 N0M0;肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤7例,肿瘤平均直径4.5(1.8～8.0)cm;肾嗜酸细胞瘤1例,直径3.1 cm.行后腹腔镜下保留肾单位手术,术中以腹腔镜超声探头定位肿瘤,观察肿瘤血流及其周围是否存有小的肿瘤病灶.记录手术时间、肾动脉阻断时间及手术疗效.结果20例手术均顺利完成,无中转开放手术.平均手术时间115(85～270)min,平均肾动脉阻断时间28(22～50)min.12例肾癌患者平均随访16(4～30)个月,肿瘤无复发.结论 介入超声有助于腹腔镜下保留肾单位手术中肿瘤定位、判断血管阻断是否完全及彻底切除肿瘤.     

Pediatric laparoscopic and robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery: technical considerations

Laparoscopy has become an effective modality for the treatment of many pediatric urologic conditions that need both extirpative and reconstructive techniques. Laparoscopic procedures for urologic diseases in children, such as pyeloplasty, orchiopexy, nephrectomy, and bladder augmentation, have proven to be safe and effective with outcomes comparable to those of open techniques. Given the steep learning curve and technical difficulty of laparoscopic surgery, robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery (RAS) is increasingly being adopted in pediatric patients worldwide. Anything that can be performed laparoscopically in adults can be extended into pediatric practice with minor technical refinements. We review the role of laparoscopic and RAS in pediatric urology and provide technical considerations necessary to perform minimally invasive surgery successfully.     

腹腔镜超声在困难腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜超声(laparoscopic ultrasonography,LUS)用于困难腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystecto-my,LC)的价值,及改良电子线阵式探头LUS对肝外胆道系统的扫描方法。方法:术前经影像学检查估计腹腔镜手术困难及术中探查发现胆囊周围粘连严重的30例胆囊结石患者于LC术中用LUS扫描肝外胆道系统。结果:LUS能清晰显示肝外主胆管的超声图像并发现胆囊管异常汇入,根据LUS的扫描结果决定LC的手术方法。结论:LUS能在LC术中为术者提供肝外胆管的超声图像,准确定位胆总管,既可避免医源性胆管损伤,判断肝外胆管内有无结石,又可指导手术,保证手术质量。     

Outcomes of laparoscopic Toupet compared to laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication

Background: Recent reports suggest that partial fundoplications such as the laparoscopic Toupet (LT) ultimately suffer from a higher recurrence rate compared to complete wraps such as the laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF). This article summarizes our experience with LT and LNF. Methods: Over a 45-month period (February 1995 to November 1998), 206 patients underwent laparoscopic antireflux operations. The LNF group included 163 patients and the LT group included 43 patients. Global quality of life was measured using the Medical outcomes short form 36 (SF36). Results: There were no differences in disease severity, except that the LT group had a higher incidence of esophageal dysmotility (37.2% 8.6%, p < 0.05). Early outcomes were similar, with no perioperative deaths and morbidity occurring in 15 (9.2%) LNF and 5 (11.6%) LT patients (p = not significant). Long-term follow-up was available in 142 patients at a mean of 19.7 months. A greater number of LT patients required proton pump inhibitors (38 vs 20%) and were dissatisfied (21 vs 7%) with their surgery (p < 0.05). SF36 physical function scores were better in the LNF group (85 vs 74; p < 0.05). Significantly more (p < 0.05) of the LT patients complained of dysphagia (34.5 vs 15%) on follow-up. There were no differences in the incidence of symptoms related to the gas-bloat syndrome. The observed differences between the LT and LNF groups did not appear to be related to differences in esophageal motility. Conclusions: Short-term results were similar for LT and LNF, but with longer follow-up, better results were seen with LNF. Even in the setting of moderate decreases of esophageal motility, complete fundoplication yields superior results.