Mineral composition of selected tissues and organs of white-tailed sea eagle

The analysis of the concentrations of K, S, P, Mg, Na, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Ag, Cd, In, Cs, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th and U in tissues and organs of white-tailed sea eagle collected dead in Poland has revealed that the metal of risk is lead, and to a somewhat degree also mercury. An intoxication of white-tailed sea eagles with lead is due to ingestion of lead pellets from the waterfowl injured or killed by the hunters, which than become recaptured by the birds. In the case of mercury a source of elevated concentrations of that element in tissues and organs of some white-tailed sea eagles examined is their food (waterfowl and fish) originating from a coast of the Baltic Sea and the Firth of Szczecin.     

828例高校教师亚健康状态中医证型、症状研究

目的研究高校教师亚健康状态的中医证型、症状规律。方法根据中医四诊内容制定症状观察表,对某高校的828例亚健康状况教师的证型、症状规律进行调查研究。结果高校教师亚健康状态的主因是劳逸失度、内伤七情;所表现的症状多达62种,其中12个主要症状依次是易疲劳、失眠、夜尿频多、头晕、咽干、便秘、经来不适及月经不调、发黄易落、四肢发凉、活力减退、咽部异物感、头痛。中医证型共涉及32个,其中12个主要证型依次是肝郁气滞证、肾阳虚证、肝郁脾虚证、肾气不固证、肺气虚证、心脾两虚证、脾肾两虚证、肝血虚证、肝阴虚证、脾气虚证、心火亢盛证、脾阳虚证。结论高校教师亚健康状态以虚证和肝系证候、脾系证候、肾系证候多见;劳逸失度、内伤七情致脏腑、经络生理活动紊乱,气血阴阳平衡关系受到破坏,导致"阴阳失调"是亚健康状态发生的病理核心。     

育龄人群不孕不育影响因素分析

目的:探讨影响育龄人群不孕不育的因素。方法:使用问卷调查的方法,对山东省1 842对20～44岁育龄夫妇进行不孕不育影响因素调查。结果:①单因素分析结果显示,影响不孕不育的女性因素包括年龄、结婚年龄、民族、职业、文化程度、人均收入、身高、体重、月经规律情况、月经周期情况、月经量、痛经、继发性闭经情况、子宫疾病、卵巢疾病、输卵管疾病、宫颈疾病、阴道分泌物、阴道分泌物异味、盆腔感染情况、流引产次数、清宫术次数、药物流产次数、有无宫外孕、腹腔手术次数、精神病史、下腹疼痛史、长期服药史、两地分居、曾用避孕药、曾用IUD、有害物质接触史、重大不良生活史、精神压力等。影响不孕不育的男性因素包括职业、文化程度、人均收入、身高、体重、染色体情况、睾丸疾病、附睾疾病、输精管疾病、射精异常、高热史、精索静脉曲张、有害物质接触史、工作强度、高温作业、接触噪音、精神压力等。②多因素分析结果显示,育龄人群不孕不育的影响因素包括月经量、痛经、子宫疾病、输卵管疾病、清宫次数、分居、女方精神压力、男方职业、男方体重、男方睾丸情况等。结论:加强宣传,提高育龄群众自身素质;加强管理,为广大育龄群众提供优质服务;加强生殖健康教育,可降低不孕症的发病率。     

婴幼儿孤独症的早期预警信号

目的 探讨孤独症幼儿早期临床表现和预警信号,为孤独症的早期诊断提供理论依据。方法 采用问卷调查法,对广州中山大学附属第三医院儿童发育行为中心确诊的孤独症儿童102例发放调查问卷,采用χ²检验,Logistic多元回归分析法对所有数据进行分析。结果 孤独症患儿与正常幼儿在缺乏目光注视、唤名不应、缺乏食指指物、缺乏分享、缺乏炫耀、对所指物品没有注意、缺乏参照注视、不听指令、不关注周围小朋友、不能寻求安慰、缺乏动作模仿、使用别人手做工具、缺乏点头表示同意、缺乏摇头表示不同意、不会说话、不能理解大人的话、刻板身体动作、刻板操作物体、踮脚走路、斜眼看物、对声音敏感、玩玩具单一、缺乏假想性游戏、缺乏社交性游戏差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中缺乏目光注视、缺乏炫耀、缺乏点头表示同意、不会说话、刻板操作物体、玩玩具单一是孤独症儿童的显著临床特征(P<0.05)。结论 缺乏目光注视、缺乏炫耀、缺乏点头表示同意、不会说话、刻板操作物体、玩玩具单一可作为孤独症幼儿的早期预警信号,为今后深入研究并制定我国儿童孤独症早期筛查和诊断量表奠定基础。     

经皮肾穿刺微造瘘取石术治疗复杂性肾结石120例临床观察及体会

目的：探讨经皮肾穿刺微造瘘取石术治疗复杂性肾结石的临床疗效与安全性。方法：选择于2009年2月-2011年2月在本院治疗的复杂性肾结石患者120例,随机分为治疗组与对照组,每组60例,治疗组以经皮肾穿刺微造瘘取石术治疗,对照组以常规体外碎石术进行治疗,两组患者术前均给予相应的止痛、解痉、抗炎、补液、中药等对症治疗,对比两组患者的治疗有效率、并发症与不良反应的发生率和住院时间,并于术后1个月进行KUB检查,术后6个月比较两组患者的复发率。结果：治疗结束后,治疗组一次性碎石52例,两次碎石5例,单通道取石55例,多通道取石2例,结石清除率为95%,术中平均出血（145±36）ml,平均手术时间（104±21）min,平均住院时间（6.5±2.3）d,术中无大出血、脏器损伤等并发症,无一例死亡,穿刺成功率为100%,术后大部分患者有轻、中度血尿,3d后自动好转,术后6个月随访有2例复发。对照组一次性碎石21例,两次及以上碎石12例,结石清除率为55%,平均手术时间（96±6）min,平均住院时间（14±2.3）d,无一例死亡,术后大部分患者有轻、中度血尿,3d后好转,患者发热4例、肾绞痛2例、咳血1例,术后6个月随访有9例复发。结论：经皮肾穿刺微造瘘取石术治疗复杂性肾结石具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少、复发率低的优点,值得临床推广。     

Levels of heavy metals (Fe,Cu, Ni,Cr, Pb,and Zn) in tissue of Mugil cephalus and Trachurus mediterraneus from Iskenderun Bay,Turkey

Concentrations of iron, copper, nickel, chromium, lead, and zinc were determined in the muscle, skin and gonads of Mugil cephalus and Trachurus mediterraneus caught at three stations in Iskenderun Bay, Turkey. Heavy metal concentrations in the tissues tended to vary significantly among stations, and two stations thought to be contaminated by untreated domestic wastes and surrounding industrial environment showed particularly high metal concentrations. Generally, skin and gonads showed higher metal concentrations than muscle. The ranges of mean concentrations (micro g/g wet wt) in M. cephalus were as follows: the range of iron concentration was 70.28, 149.77, and 382.51, that of copper was 1.45, 5.36, and 35.37, that of nickel was 1.22, 2.72, and 7.35, that of chromium was 1.46, 3.22, and 10.06, that of lead was 7.45, 37.39, and 62.33, and that of zinc was 38.23, 100.56, and 281.51 in the muscle, skin, and gonads, respectively. The ranges of mean concentrations (micro g/g wet wt) in T. mediterraneus were as follows: the range of iron concentration was 41.84, 49.86, and 74.20, that of copper was 1.29, 3.33, and 11.37, that of nickel was 0.94, 2.02, and 0.99, that of chromium was 1.28, 10.90, and 10.60, that of lead was 1.03, 4.78, and 8.41, and that of zinc was 19.55, 60.79, and 38.44 in the muscle, skin, and gonads, respectively. The concentrations of some metals in some tissues exceeded the acceptable levels for a food source for human consumption. The results of this study indicated that the metals present in the bay were taken up by two fish species through food, water, and sediment, and regardless of their biological needs showed high metal concentrations.     

耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌的耐药机制及亲缘性研究

目的 探讨广东省中医院4所分院临床分离的72株耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌的多药耐药性、主要耐药机制和亲缘性.方法 采用聚合酶链反应检测Ⅰ类整合子遗传标记intⅠ1,外膜通道蛋白基因oprD2,β-内酰胺酶GES、KPC、IMP-1、IMP-9 、VIM-1 、VIM-2、SIM、SPM、GIM、AIM、NDM、KHM、DHA、PDC、OXA-40、OXA-23等18种基因,并对所获得的结果进行多基因聚类分析.结果 72株铜绿假单胞菌中IMP-9、PDC、oprD2、intⅠ1基因阳性率较高,分别为70.8％、98.6％、86.1％、100.0％,KPC、IMP-1、VIM-2、DHA基因阳性率较低,分别为2.8％、9.7％、13.9％、18.1％,GES、VIM-1、SIM、SPM、GIM、AIM、NDM、KHM、OXA- 40、OXA- 23基因均为阴性;72株铜绿假单胞菌有52株产金属酶;多基因聚类分析结果显示,72株铜绿假单胞菌可分3群,每群均存在克隆传播.结论 产生金属酶是72株铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南耐药的最主要原因;多基因聚类分析法对临床治疗和医院感染的预防控制具有指导意义.     

2012年潍坊市1～6岁儿童11种免疫规划疫苗接种率调查

目的了解潍坊市儿童免疫规划疫苗的接种状况,为进一步做好免疫规划工作提供科学依据。方法2012年12月,采用分层随机抽样方法,在潍坊市所辖12个县（市、区）抽取2006年1月1日至2011年12月31日出生的儿童进行11种免疫规划疫苗的接种状况调查。结果调查儿童2160名（常住儿童1440名、流动儿童720名）,BCG、HepB、OPV123、DPT123、MV初种、MenA、JE—11、MMR、DPT4、HepA—I、JE—12、OPV4、MenAC1、MenAC2、DT、MV3合格接种率,分别为98．89％、99．26％、99．03％、98．94％、99．03％、98．70％、98．56％、98．61％、98．67％、96．61％、96．50％、95．09％、95．49％、85．56％、84．17％、87．50％。6岁年龄组MenACz、DT、MV3常住儿童与流动儿童合格接种率差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。BCG、HepB、OPV123、DPT123、MV初种、MenA、JE—I1、MMR、DPT4、HepA—I、JE—12、0PV4、MenACl合格接种率,常住儿童与流动儿童接种率差异均无统计学意义（P〉o．05）。结论2012年潍坊市1～6岁儿童11种免疫抑训瘩苗的椿种室掂高     

广西境内蠓科昆虫的种类与分布研究

目的摸清广西壮族自治区（广西）境内蠓科昆虫种类和地理分布的本底情况。方法在查阅国内外相关文献的基础上,选择广西境内东、南、西、北、中10个地点,采用挥网、人帐诱、人畜诱和诱虫灯法采集蠓科昆虫,分类鉴定。结果采获蠓科昆虫近万只,发现广西境内蠓科昆虫有4亚科12属91种,其中细蠓亚科细蠓属1种;毛蠓亚科毛蠓属6种;铗蠓亚科裸蠓属10种,铗蠓属13种,蠛蠓属12种;蠓亚科库蠓属31种,阿蠓属7种,唐蠓属1种,柱蠓属3种,桂蠓属1种,麻蠓属1种,贝蠓属5种。结论基本摸清了广西境内蠓科昆虫的种类及其分布情况,为深入进行广西蠓科昆虫的区系和防制研究提供了科学依据。     

New approaches to vaccine development. Proceedings of a meeting organized by the World Health Organization. Book review

The Proceedings here reviewed are those of the meeting held in Geneva in October, 1983, which led to the establishment of the World Health Organization's Program for the Accelerated Development of New Vaccines. These papers reflect the state of the art in the development of vaccines for cholera, leprosy, pertussis, salmonella, shigella, dengue, foot-and-mouth disease, hepatitis B, herpes simplex, influenza, poliomyelitis, Chagas' disease, malaria, and schistosomiasis. The identification and isolation of epitopes and other antigenic fragments is presented, as well as considerations of mucosal immunity, antigenic determinants and antigenic variations, antigen presentation and T-cell activation, the use of anti-idiotypes as antigens, the development of recombinant viruses for use in vaccines, and the use of circumsporozoite antigens in the preparation of a malaria vaccine.     

性发育异常患者遗传学特点与临床表型分析

目的探讨染色体核型及SRY基因检测对性发育异常(DSD)的临床诊断价值。方法回顾性分析332例DSD的染色体核型、SRY基因和临床表型,染色体核型采用外周血淋巴细胞培养G显带分析,SRY基因采用PCR技术扩增。结果 332例DSD患者中检出异常核型100例,检出率为30.12%。在141例社会性别为男性的DSD患者中异常核型36例,其中26例47,XXY、1例47,XYY、2例47,XY,+mar、2例46,X,del(Y)、2例46,X,Yqh-、3例性反转(SRY基因阳性),临床表现为睾丸体积小、质硬,外生殖器畸形等。在191例社会性别为女性的DSD患者中异常核型64例,其中25例45,X、11例X染色体嵌合体异常、15例X染色体结构异常、1例47,XXX、1例47,XX,+mar、11例性反转(10例SRY基因阳性),临床表现为幼稚子宫等。结论性染色体数目和结构异常是导致性发育异常的主要原因,染色体核型联合SRY基因检测有助于DSD患者早期鉴别诊断,对患者的性别选择及临床治疗具有指导意义。     

cTnT、Mb、CK-MB、CRP联合检测在急性心肌梗死早期诊断中的应用价值分析

目的 分析急性心肌梗死患者血清中cTnT、Mb、CK-MB、CRP的变化特点,提高急性心肌梗死临床诊断率.方法 用罗氏ESlecsys 2010电化学发光分析仪及罗氏800全自动生化仪分别测定50例健康患者血清及50例急性脑梗死患者血清cTnT、Mb、CK-MB、CRP,分析其变化特点.对比单独分析及联合分析cTnT、Mb、CK-MB、CRP诊断急性心肌梗死的敏感性及特异性,以期提高急性心肌梗死的诊出率.结果 两组cTnT、Mb、CK-MB、CRP检测值比较,P均〈0.05,研究组与对照组具有统计学意义,可以认为研究组与对照组的测定值有显著性差异.cTnT、Mb、CK-MB、CRP特异性分别是90%、86%、86%、78%,敏感性分别是96%、76%、70%、70%.结论 研究组血清中cTnT、Mb、CK-MB、CRP水平与对照组比较差异具有统计学意义.联合分析后的特异性及敏感性都明显提高.     

Ethical issues in primary health care: A survey of practitioners' perceptions

While most health care is provided at the primary care level, little research has been done to document the ethical issues of such care. A stratified random sample of 702 physicians, nurses, physical therapist, and physician assistants within one southeastern state was surveyed to determine the frequency of ethical issues in primary care. The most frequently occurring issue concerned moral decisions about the amount of time to spend with each patient. A comparison of physician and nonphysician professional groups revealed significant differences in frequencies of the issues. Age had a slight impact on the responses, while gender, religion, and region of practice had none. The study showed that the most frequently occurring issues are pragmatic, not dramatic, and center on patient self-determination, adequacy of care and professional responsibility, and distribution of resources.Helen M. Robillard, R.N.-C., M.S.N., is a doctoral student in Organizational Psychology at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Dallas M. High, Ph.D., is Professor in the Department of Philosophy and Associate of the Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington. Juliann G. Sebastian, R.N., M.S.N., is Associate Professor, College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington. Janet I. Pisaneschi, Ph.D., is Associate Professor and Assistant Dean, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Kentucky, Lexington. Lea J. Perritt, Ph.D., is Assistant Professor, Allied Health Education and Research, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Kentucky, Lexington. D. Mark Mahler, M.D., is Assistant Clinical Professor, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis. Requests for reprints should be addressed to: Dallas M. High, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Philosophy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506.     

Nutrients supplied by food groups in diets of teenaged girls

Sources of nutrients were determined in diets of teenaged girls, a group generally thought to be at nutritional risk. This study of Southern adolescent girls of two races examines intakes of energy, energy-yielding nutrients, vitamins, minerals, and other components of various food groups. Effects of race, age, place of residence, and per capita income on nutrients furnished by food groups were determined from two 24-hour dietary recalls from each of 1,195 girls, aged 12, 14, or 16. Of the food groups examined, foods of low nutrient density provided the most energy, fat, and carbohydrate. The meat group provided the most protein. Dairy products, which supplied the largest amounts of six vitamins and minerals of any food group, were used less by black, rural, or older teenagers than by white, urban, or younger girls. Blacks obtained more vitamin A from vegetables and more thiamin from meat than whites. Amounts of meat, starchy, and low-nutrient-density subgroups also varied with race, age, and/or place of residence. As income increased, consumption of starches (especially breakfast cereals) and eggs decreased and that of fruit increased.     

天津市2011年度预防艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴传播年度数据分析与工作进展报告

为提高人群对预防艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴传播的认识,为孕产妇提供预防艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴传播的综合防治服务,最大限度地减少因艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴传播造成的儿童感染,改善妇女、儿童的生活质量及健康水平,天津市卫生局在2011年下发了《天津市预防艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴传播工作实施方案》,明确了各级职能,加强了管理培训和质控督导,增加了政府的经费支持,以期扩大对艾滋病、梅毒、乙肝感染孕产妇的干预治疗覆盖面,提高救治水平,降低新发感染,减少母婴传播。     

CT引导下肺部结节、条块病灶经皮穿刺活检的临床应用

目的:探讨肺部结节病灶、条块病灶CT引导下经皮穿刺活检的诊断价值及检验方法选择.方法:对比分析某医院66例肺部结节病灶、35条块病灶行CT引导下经皮穿刺活检的临床资料、病理及手术、随访资料.结果:66例肺部结节病灶穿刺取材成功65例,2例是凝血块,其中腺癌25例,鳞癌19例,小细胞癌4例,转移癌6例,结核球3例,异常细胞2例,腺瘤2例,硬化性血管瘤1例,支气管囊肿1例;35例肺部条块病灶穿刺成功35例,取材成功28例.诊断炎性病变9例,肺结核6例,鳞癌5例,脓疡4例,腺癌2例,炎性肉芽肿2例.结论:肺部病变CT引导下穿刺活检具有较高的诊断准确率,结节病灶准确率为95%,条块病变准确率为78%,条块病变需要多种方法取材并与病菌检查相结合,以提高穿刺活检断准确率.     

原子吸收光谱法测定几种花粉中的金属元素含量

以五味子、党参、益母草、野玫瑰花粉为实验材料,在最佳实验条件下用原子吸收光谱法测定了K、Na、Mn、Cu、Fe、Ca、Mg、Zn 8种金属元素含量。结果表明,4种花粉中K、Na、Ca、Mg的含量均较高,Cu的含量相对较低,五味子、益母草Mn含量高。测试相对标准偏差均小于6.6%,加标回收率在90.2%~109.0%之间。分析结果为进一步研究蜜蜂花粉的营养价值提供实验数据。     

多层螺旋CT对小儿支气管异物方面的临床诊断价值分析

目的：探讨经多层螺旋CT诊断小儿支气管异物的临床价值。方法2013年7月30日-2014年7月30日,我院接收52例支气管异物患儿,经PHILIPS Brilliance 64排螺旋CT对52例患儿进行诊断。结果异物类型：坚果类异物,玉米,果蔬类异物,豆类异物,骨块等;异物所处位置：气管分叉,左侧支气管,右侧支气管,左主支气管,右侧中叶支气管,右中间支气管,右侧下叶段支气管,左肺下叶段支气管,左肺下叶支气管;间接征象：4例肺气肿,1例胸腔积液,1例气胸,1例纵隔气肿,1例肺不张,2例皮下气肿,6例肺炎;直接征象：支气管腔内存在高密度阴影,管腔阻塞或者狭窄,支气管异物多以柱状的形态存在,此外,也存在不规则状、半圆形、环形、三角形、管状。结论经PHILIPS Brilliance 64排螺旋CT对支气管异物患儿进行诊断,病症确诊率高,无创,具有很高的临床诊断价值。     

北京市顺义区产后4～12月乳母膳食营养分析

目的:了解北京市顺义区乳母膳食特点并提出合理建议,以利于改善母婴健康状况。方法:运用3天24 h回顾法调查167名乳母,对每个调查对象的各类食物摄入量进行询问,计算三大产能营养素、各种矿物质及维生素的每日平均摄入量。结果:能量平均值为1 519.50 kcal/d,蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物平均值分别为60.05 g/d、38.91 g/d和240.46 g/d,磷、钙、钾、钠、镁、铁、锌、硒摄入量平均值分别为896.78 mg/d、426.40 mg/d、1 646.25 mg/d、839.20 mg/d、282.70 mg/d、17.49 mg/d、7.99 mg/d和40.83 mg/d,VA、VC、VE、硫胺素、核黄素、叶酸、烟酸、VB6摄入量平均值分别为592.77μgRE/d、83.52 mg/d、5.25 mg/d、0.88 mg/d、0.86 mg/d、176.66μg/d、12.22 mg/d和0.32 mg/d。其中除磷外,其他营养素与推荐摄入量相比较均偏低。结论:乳母膳食中的三大产能物质、各种矿物质及维生素的摄入与推荐值相比相对不足。     

The effect of emissions on heavy metals concentrations in cattle from the area of an industrial plant in Slovakia

Attention was devoted to the effects of risk element-containing industrial emissions on the biological material of cattle bred on farms in the vicinity of a metallurgical plant in East Slovakia. The observations lasted two years and included four agricultural farms in the polluted area and one control farm outside this area.In 1991, 20, 30, 30, 30, and 30 samples of milk, muscle, liver, heart, and kidney tissue were analyzed, whereas in 1992, 30, 48, 48, 48, and 48 respective samples were taken. For Cu, Zn, Mn, Cd, Pb, and Ni analyses, the AAS method was employed, using the UNICAM 939 device, while Hg residues were determined on the TMA 254 analyzer.In 1991, of a total of 120 samples of tissue and organs, 12.5%, 9.16% and 0.8% were found to contain above-limit levels of Cd, Ni, and Cu, respectively. The concentrations of the remaining elements, viz., Zn, Mn, Pb, and Hg, did not surpass the permitted maxima. In 1992, 1.03%, 2.60%, 0.51%, and 5.20% of 192 samples of tissue and organs contained above-limit Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn levels.