丙型肝炎患者血清和外周血单个核细胞HCV—RNA检测

目的：了解丙型肝炎患者血清和外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）中ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ存在情况及其意义。方法：采用套式ＰＣＲ检测３８例急性丙肝炎和３６例慢性丙型肝炎患者血清和外周血ＰＢＭＣ中ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ《结果：７４例丙型肝炎血清ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性６８例,ＰＢＭＣ阳性４４例;急性丙型肝炎患者ＰＢＭＣ中ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ阳性１５例（３９．５％）,慢性丙型肝炎患者ＰＢＭＣ中阳性２９例（８０．６％）。慢性丙型肝炎患者ＰＢＭ     

抗-HCV阴性献血员丙肝病毒感染及意义

目的：探讨抗－ＨＣＶ阴性献血员隐匿性ＨＣＶ感染情况。方法：采用逆转录套式ＰＣＲ检测１００例抗ＨＣＶ阴性献血员血清和外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）中ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ。结果：血清中ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ阳性２例,ＰＢＭＣ中ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ阳性６例;有１例血清及ＰＢＭＣ中ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ均阳性。结论：抗－ＨＣＶ阴性的献血员中仍有少数存在ＨＣＶ输血传播的可能,对献血员仅筛查抗－ＨＣＶ是不够的,应对血清和ＰＢＭＣ中ＨＣＶ－     

HBV与HCV重叠感染的研究

应用ＰＣＲ法和套式ＰＣＲ法对深圳地区４４例ＨＢＶ血清学标志物阳性者进行ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ检测，并同时作ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ检测，以了解ＨＢＶ与ＨＣＶ重叠的感染情况，同时观察其血清ＡＬＴ的情况。结果发现，４４例患者中ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性１２例（２７．２７％）；ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ阳性２２例（５０．００％），抗ＨＣＶ阳性２１例（４７．７３％）．表明ＨＢＶ与ＨＣＶ的重叠感染率较高，应引起人们的重视。     

血液透析患者丙型肝炎病毒感染的研究

作者用ＥＬＩＳＡ法和聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术对４５例血液透析（ＨＤ）患者的血清丙型肝炎病毒抗体（抗－ＨＣＶ）和丙型肝炎病毒ＲＮＡ（ＨＣＶＲＮＡ）进行了检测，发现１３例抗－ＨＣＶ阳性，１５例ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性，共１７例患者（３７．８％）ＨＣＶ标志物（抗－ＨＣＶ和／或ＨＣＶＲＮＡ）阳性。将这１７例ＨＣＶ标志物阳性患者与２８倒闭性患者作了比较，结果表明，ＨＣＶ标志物阳性患者的透析时间、输血次数和输血量均明显高于阴性患者（Ｐ＜０．０１）。对１５例ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性患者的ＨＣＶ基因型的分析表明，１３例为Ⅱ型，Ⅲ例为Ⅲ型。本研究表明，ＨＤ患者丙型肝炎的感染率很高，这与血液透析时多次接触血液、血液透析器具以及输血次数和输血量密切相关。     

109例肝细胞癌患者HCV感染及酶切基因型

为了解广州地区肝细胞癌患者中丙型肝炎病毒感染情况及其基因型，我们对１０９例ＨＣＣ患者血清做了抗－ＨＣＶ和ＨＣＶＲＮＡ检测，并以ＰＣＲ阳性产物做了酶切片段长度多态性分析。在２２例ＨＣＣ抗－ＨＣＶ阳性血清中ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性１８例，其中１５例与ＨＢＶ重叠感染，３例为单独感染。     

套式PCR技术检测肝细胞癌患者血清HBV DNA

应用套式聚合酶链反应（套式ＰＣＲ）技术检测了１６例肝细胞癌（ＨＣＣ）患者血清中ＨＢＶＤＮＡ，并与ＰＣＲ结合Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ印迹杂交（ＰＣＲ－ＳＢＨ）的方法作了比较。２种方法灵敏度均可达１０￣（－５）ｐｇ。套式ＰＣＲ无需制备探针，试验周期短，更适于推广。１６例ＨＣＣ患者检出ＨＢＶＤＮＡ９例（５６．２５％）。ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性组９例检出４例，ＨＢｓＡｇ阴性组４例检出２例。３例未测ＨＢＶ血清标记物均检出ＨＢＶＤＮＡ。结果表明ＨＣＣ患者血清中仍有ＨＢＶＤＮＡ低水平复制，仍具传染性。     

贵州HCV感染株基因分型研究

为了解本地区ＨＣＶ感染株的基因型及现有分型方法的适用性，从贵州２０６例慢性肝炎和血液病患者中筛出３５份抗－ＨＣＶ阳性血清，用逆转录套式聚合酶链反应作ＨＣＶＲＮＡ检测。３０份ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性血清用３种分型方法（核心区特异引物ＰＣＲ，非结构５区特异探针核酸杂交，５′末端非编码区限制性长度多态性分析）进行ＨＣＶ基因分型。结果３份血清为ＨＣＶ２ａ感染，２７份为ＨＣＶ１ｂ感染。对８份ＨＣＶ１ｂ、１份ＨＣＶ２ａ血清的ＰＣＲ扩增产物直接测序，核酸序列分型结果与原型别一致。表明ＨＣＶ１ｂ是贵州地区ＨＣＶ感染株的主要基因型，ＨＣＶ２ａ感染并不常见。以ＨＣＶ基因组不同区域为基础的各方法分型结果间有很好的相符性。     

血清HCV RNA与抗—HCV关系研究

目的 研究血清ＨＣＶ ＲＮＡ与抗－ＨＣＶ之间的关系。方法 对５０例抗－ＨＣＶ阳性的丙型肝炎病人，用酶标仪测血清抗－ＨＣＶ ＯＤ值，同时用逆转录－套式－聚合酶链反应检测血清ＨＣＶ ＲＮＡ。结果 ５０例抗－ＨＣＶ阳性丙型肝炎（ＨＣ）患者中３０例ＨＣＶ ＲＮＡ阳性，即６０％的ＨＣ病人存在病毒血症；在不同的抗－ＨＣＶ ＯＤ值范围内ＨＣＶ ＲＮ检出率不等，ＨＣＶ ＲＮＡ检出率随抗－ＨＣＶ ＯＤ值增高而增加（     

热变性法处理HCVRNA模板直接扩增

采用低浓度２－巯基乙醇作为裂解剂，配合高热变性处理血清等标本中丙型肝炎病毒核酸（ＨＣＶＲＮＡ）模板，将裂解上清直接逆转录，使ＨＣＶＲＮＡ转变为ｃＤＮＡ，再行套式多聚酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）扩增．５８份抗－ＨＣＶ阳性血清标本中，可检出３２份（５５．２％）ＨＣＶＲＮＡ，虽与常规的酸胍酚抽提方法所检出相当（即３０份被检出ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性，５１．７％），由于这种直接法省去了用酚及氯仿抽提和醇类沉淀等步骤，具有明显的实用价值。     

PCR检测丙型肝炎病毒感染各高危人群

用ＰＣＲ方法克隆了中国丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）感染者的５’端非编码区（５’－ｎｏｎｃｏｄｉｎｇｒｅｇｉｏｎ，５’－ＮＣＲ）序列，并根据此序列合成引物检测我国ＨＣＶ各高危感染人群的病毒复制情况，结果显示ＨＣＶＲＮＡ在慢性丙型肝炎患者的血清标中的阳性率为８１．８％（９／１１），在ＨＣＶ抗体阳性的血液透析患者血清标本中的阳性率为６３．６％（７／１１），在ＨＣＶ抗体阳性的献血员血清标中的阳性率为２０％（４／     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.