Impact of bystander-performed ventilation on functional outcomes after cardiac arrest and factors associated with ventilation-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A large observational study

AimTo determine the effectiveness of ventilations in bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (BCPR) and to identify the factors associated with ventilation-only BCPR.MethodsFrom out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) data prospectively collected from 2005 to 2011 in Japan, we extracted data for 210,134 bystander-witnessed OHCAs with complete datasets but no prehospital involvement of physician [no BCPR, 115,733; ventilation-only, 2093; compression-only, 61,075; and conventional (compressions+ventilations) BCPR, 31,233] and determined the factors associated with 1-month neurologically favourable survival using simple and multivariable logistic regression analyses. In 91,885 patients with known BCPR durations, we determined the factors associated with ventilation-only BCPR.ResultsThe rate of survival in the no BCPR, ventilation-only, compression-only and conventional group was 2.8%, 3.9%, 4.5% and 5.0%, respectively. After adjustment for other factors associated with outcomes, the survival rate in the ventilation-only group was higher than that in the no BCPR group (adjusted OR; 95% CI, 1.29; 1.01–1.63), but lower than that in the compression-only (0.76; 0.59–0.96) or conventional groups (0.70; 0.55–0.89). Conventional CPR had the highest OR for survival in almost all OHCA subgroups. The adjusted OR (95% CI) for survival after dividing BCPR into ventilation and compression components was 1.19 (1.11–1.27) and 1.60 (1.51–1.69), respectively. Older guidelines, female sex, younger patient age, bystander-initiated CPR without instruction, early BCPR and short BCPR duration were associated with ventilation-only BCPR.ConclusionsVentilation is a significant component of BCPR, but alone is less effective than compression in improving neurologically favourable survival after OHCAs.     

Do dispatcher instructions facilitate bystander-initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation and improve outcomes in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest? A comparison of family and non-family bystanders

Objectives

Bystander-initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has been reported to increase the possibility of survival in patients with out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest (OHCA). We evaluated the effects of CPR instructions by emergency medical dispatchers on the frequency of bystander CPR and outcomes, and whether these effects differed between family and non-family bystanders.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study, using Utstein-style records of OHCA taken in a rural area of Japan between January 2004 and December 2009.

Results

Of the 559 patients with non-traumatic OHCA witnessed by laypeople, 231 (41.3%) were given bystander CPR. More OHCA patients received resuscitation when the OHCA was witnessed by non-family bystanders than when it was witnessed by family members (61.4% vs. 34.2%). The patients with non-family-witnessed OHCA were more likely to be given conventional CPR (chest compression plus rescue breathing) or defibrillation with an AED than were those with family-witnessed OHCA. Dispatcher instructions significantly increased the provision of bystander CPR regardless of who the witnesses were. Neurologically favorable survival was increased by CPR in non-family-witnessed, but not in family-witnessed, OHCA patients. No difference in survival rate was observed between the cases provided with dispatcher instructions and those not provided with the instructions.

Conclusions

Dispatcher instructions increased the frequency of bystander CPR, but did not improve the rate of neurologically favorable survival in patients with witnessed OHCA. Efforts to enhance the frequency and quality of resuscitation, especially by family members, are required for dispatcher-assisted CPR.     

Association of neighborhood characteristics with incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and rates of bystander-initiated CPR: Implications for community-based education intervention

Objective

A 10-fold regional variation in survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has been reported in the United States, which partly relates to variability in bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) rates. In order for resources to be focused on areas of greatest need, we conducted a geospatial analysis of variation of CPR rates.

Methods

Using 2010–2011 data from Durham, Mecklenburg, and Wake counties in North Carolina participating in the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (CARES) program, we included all patients with OHCA for whom resuscitation was attempted. Geocoded data and logistic regression modeling were used to assess incidence of OHCA and patterns of bystander CPR according to census tracts and factors associated herewith.

Results

In total, 1466 patients were included (median age, 65 years [interquartile range 25]; 63.4% men). Bystander CPR by a layperson was initiated in 37.9% of these patients. High-incidence OHCA areas were characterized partly by higher population densities and higher percentages of black race as well as lower levels of education and income. Low rates of bystander CPR were associated with population composition (percent black: OR, 3.73; 95% CI, 2.00–6.97 per 1% increment in black patients; percent elderly: 3.25; 1.41–7.48 per 1% increment in elderly patients; percent living in poverty: 1.77, 1.16–2.71 per 1% increase in patients living in poverty).

Conclusions

In 3 counties in North Carolina, areas with low rates of bystander CPR can be identified using geospatial data, and education efforts can be targeted to improve recognition of cardiac arrest and to augment bystander CPR rates.     

Introducing systematic dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (telephone-CPR) in a non-Advanced Medical Priority Dispatch System (AMPDS): Implementation process and costs

Objective

In order to improve the quality of our Emergency Medical Services (EMS), to raise bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation rates and thereby meet what is becoming a universal standard in terms of quality of emergency services, we decided to implement systematic dispatcher-assisted or telephone-CPR (T-CPR) in our medical dispatch center, a non-Advanced Medical Priority Dispatch System. The aim of this article is to describe the implementation process, costs and results following the introduction of this new “quality” procedure.

Methods

This was a prospective study. Over an 8-week period, our EMS dispatchers were given new procedures to provide T-CPR. We then collected data on all non-traumatic cardiac arrests within our state (Vaud, Switzerland) for the following 12 months. For each event, the dispatchers had to record in writing the reason they either ruled out cardiac arrest (CA) or did not propose T-CPR in the event they did suspect CA. All emergency call recordings were reviewed by the medical director of the EMS. The analysis of the recordings and the dispatchers’ written explanations were then compared.

Results

During the 12-month study period, a total of 497 patients (both adults and children) were identified as having a non-traumatic cardiac arrest. Out of this total, 203 cases were excluded and 294 cases were eligible for T-CPR. Out of these eligible cases, dispatchers proposed T-CPR on 202 occasions (or 69% of eligible cases). They also erroneously proposed T-CPR on 17 occasions when a CA was wrongly identified (false positive). This represents 7.8% of all T-CPR.No costs were incurred to implement our study protocol and procedures.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates it is possible, using a brief campaign of sensitization but without any specific training, to implement systematic dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a non-Advanced Medical Priority Dispatch System such as our EMS that had no prior experience with systematic T-CPR. The results in terms of T-CPR delivery rate and false positive are similar to those found in previous studies. We found our results satisfying the given short time frame of this study.Our results demonstrate that it is possible to improve the quality of emergency services at moderate or even no additional costs and this should be of interest to all EMS that do not presently benefit from using T-CPR procedures.EMS that currently do not offer T-CPR should consider implementing this technique as soon as possible, and we expect our experience may provide answers to those planning to incorporate T-CPR in their daily practice.     

Factors associated with quality of bystander CPR: The presence of multiple rescuers and bystander-initiated CPR without instruction

Aims

To identify the factors associated with good-quality bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (BCPR).

Methods

Data were prospectively collected from 553 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) managed with BCPR in the absence of emergency medical technicians (EMT) during 2012. The quality of BCPR was evaluated by EMTs at the scene and was assessed according to the standard recommendations for chest compressions, including proper hand positions, rates and depths.

Results

Good-quality BCPR was more frequently confirmed in OHCAs that occurred in the central/urban region (56.3% [251/446] vs. 39.3% [42/107], p = 0.0015), had multiple rescuers (31.8% [142/446] vs. 11.2% [12/107], p < 0.0001) and received bystander-initiated BCPR (22.0% [98/446] vs. 5.6% [6/107], p < 0.0001). Good-quality BCPR was less frequently performed by family members (46.9% [209/446] vs. 67.3% [72/107], p = 0.0001), elderly bystanders (13.5% [60/446] vs. 28.0% [30/107], p = 0.0005) and in at-home OHCAs (51.1% [228/446] vs. 72.9% [78/107], p < 0.0001). BCPR duration was significantly longer in the good-quality group (median, 8 vs. 6 min, p = 0.0015). Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that multiple rescuers (odds ratio = 2.8, 95% CI 1.5–5.6), bystander-initiated BCPR (2.7, 1.1–7.3), non-elderly bystanders (1.9, 1.1–3.2), occurrence in the central region (2.1, 1.3–3.3) and duration of BCPR (1.1, 1.0–1.1) were associated with good-quality BCPR. Moreover, good-quality BCPR was initiated earlier after recognition/witness of cardiac arrest compared with poor-quality BCPR (3 vs. 4 min, p = 0.0052). The rate of neurologically favourable survival at one year was 2.7 and 0% in the good-quality and poor-quality groups, respectively (p = 0.1357).

Conclusions

The presence of multiple rescuers and bystander-initiated CPR are predominantly associated with good-quality BCPR.     

Outcomes of audio-instructed and video-instructed dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundThe present meta-analysis of clinical and simulation trials aimed to compare video-instructed dispatcher-assisted bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (V-DACPR) with conventional audio-instructed dispatcher-assisted bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (C-DACPR).MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Collaboration databases and Scopus from inception until June 10, 2021. The primary outcomes were the prehospital return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), survival to hospital discharge, and survival to hospital discharge with a good neurological outcome for clinical trials, and chest compression quality for simulation trials. Odds ratios (ORs) and mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) indicated the pooled effect. The analyses were performed with the RevMan 5.4 and STATA 14 software.ResultsOverall, 2 clinical and 8 simulation trials were included in this meta-analysis. In clinical trials, C-DACPR and V-DACPR were characterised by, respectively, 11.8% vs. 24.3% of prehospital ROSC (OR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.69; I² = 66%; p < .001), 10.7% vs. 22.3% of survival to hospital discharge (OR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.70; I² = 69%; p < .001), and 6.3% vs. 16.0% of survival to hospital discharge with a good neurological outcome (OR = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.67; I² = 73%; p < .001). In simulation trials, chest compression rate per minute equalled 91.3 ± 22.6 for C-DACPR and 107.8 ± 12.6 for V-DACPR (MD = −13.40; 95% CI: −21.86, −4.95; I² = 97%; p = .002). The respective values for chest compression depth were 38.7 ± 14.3 and 41.8 ± 12.5 mm (MD = −2.67; 95% CI: −8.35, 3.01; I² = 98%; p = .36).ConclusionsAs compared with C-DACPR, V-DACPR significantly increased prehospital ROSC and survival to hospital discharge. Under simulated resuscitation conditions, V-DACPR exhibited a higher rate of adequate chest compressions than C-DACPR.

Key messages

• Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation parameters significantly depend on the dispatcher’s support and the manner of the support provided.
• Video-instructed dispatcher-assisted bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation can increase the rate of prehospital return of spontaneous circulation and survival to hospital discharge.
• Video-instructed dispatcher-assisted bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation improves the quality of chest compressions compared with dispatcher-assisted resuscitation without video instruction.

     

出诊医师参与电话指导目击者实施心肺复苏

目的 评估出诊医生参与电话指导目击者实施心肺复苏(CPR)的可行性和有效性,并探讨电话指导的方法及影响电话指导的相关因素.方法 回顾分析2008-01～2009-04 32例院前心脏骤停(CA)患者的救治方法,没有电话指导或指导不成功18例,目击者未实施CPR;出诊医生采用预先制定的电话指导方案成功给予了电话指导14例,目击者实施了CPR.比较两组的复苏结果,并计算通过电话指导方案正确识别CA的比率,目击者对出诊医师电话指导CPR的接受率及CPR正确率等.结果 电话指导目击者25例,接受指导19例(19/25,76%),不接受6例.经指导成功完成CPR 14例(14/19,73.7%),未完成5例.指导人员采用电话指导方案正确识别CA 17例(17/19,89.5%),目击者正确实施CPR 5例(5/14,35.7%).目击者行CPR 14例中院前成活5例(35.7%),目击者未行CPR 18例中院前成活1例(5.6%).院前成活率两组比较有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 出诊医生依据简化的电话指导CPR方案参与电话指导目击者实施CPR能提高CA院前复苏结果.但值得注意的是电话指导受诸多因素影响.     

The continuous quality improvement project for telephone-assisted instruction of cardiopulmonary resuscitation increased the incidence of bystander CPR and improved the outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests

Review

In 2007, the Ishikawa Medical Control Council initiated the continuous quality improvement (CQI) project for telephone-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (telephone-CPR), which included instruction on chest-compression-only CPR, education on how to recognise out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) with agonal breathing, emesis and convulsion, recommendations for on-line or redialling instructions and feedback from emergency physicians. This study aimed to investigate the effect of this project on the incidence of bystander CPR and the outcomes of OHCAs.

Materials and methods

The baseline data were prospectively collected on 4995 resuscitation-attempted OHCAs, which were recognised or witnessed by citizens rather than emergency medical technicians during the period of February 2004 to March 2010. The incidence of telephone-CPR and bystander CPR, as well as the outcomes of the OHCAs, was compared before and after the project.

Results

The incidence of telephone-CPR and bystander CPR significantly increased after the project (from 42% to 62% and from 41% to 56%, respectively). The incidence of failed telephone-CPR due to human factors significantly decreased from 30% to 16%. The outcomes of OHCAs significantly improved after the projects. A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the CQI project is one of the independent factors associated with one-year (1-Y) survival with favourable neurological outcomes (odds ratio = 1.81, 95% confidence interval = 1.20–2.76).

Conclusions

The CQI project for telephone-CPR increased the incidence of bystander CPR and improved the outcome of OHCAs. A CQI project appeared to be essential to augment the effects of telephone-CPR.     

D-dimer predicts bleeding complication in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitated with ECMO

Purpose

In out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients resuscitated with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO), known as extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR), bleeding is a common complication. The purpose of this study was to assess the risk factors for bleeding complications in ECPR patients.

心肺复苏中亚低温治疗的研究现状及展望

心搏骤停后病人心、脑、肺、肾等全身各脏器由于缺血缺氧出现不可逆损害,而复苏后期病人死亡的主要原因是大脑的缺血、缺氧性损伤.病人在低温状态下组织耗氧量减少,一定程度上能提高复苏成功率.亚低温治疗为现代临床研究的热点问题,现阶段主要对脑、肺、肾等重要脏器影响研究较多,但就适合的降温时间窗、温度窗及降温方法还有待进一步研究,现本文就心肺复苏中亚低温治疗的研究现状及不同观点进行综述.     

心肺复苏质量的影响指标分析

心肺复苏质量是影响心搏骤停生存率的关键,除开始心肺复苏时间外,反映心肺复苏质量的指标还包括按压频率、按压深度、按压位置、胸廓充分回弹、避免按压中断以及通气过度等,通过综合分析反映心肺复苏质量的指标参数,以期促进心肺复苏的质量的提高。     

心源性心脏骤停心肺复苏成功的分析

目的分析影响心源性心脏骤停患者心肺复苏成功的临床因素。方法选择该院收治的心源性心脏骤停患者共58例,根据复苏成功与否分成心肺复苏成功组(成功组)22例和心肺复苏失败组(失败组)36例。分析两组患者的临床资料,探讨与心肺复苏成功的相关因素。结果两组患者性别比和发病种类比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);成功组患者的年龄和入院时间明显低于失败组,院前给予抢救的比例明显高于失败组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。成功组患者的心脏停搏时间、抢救时间、心肺复苏循环平均次数、肾上腺素剂量和电除颤次数明显低于失败组,应用辅助机械通气的比例明显高于失败组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论心肺复苏成功的因素可能与发病年龄、入院时间、院前给予抢救的比例、心脏停搏时间、抢救时间、心肺复苏循环次数、肾上腺素剂量、平均电除颤次数和应用辅助机械通气有关。     

Examining the contextual effects of neighborhood on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and the provision of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Objective

To understand the association between neighborhood and individual characteristics in determining whether or not bystanders perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Methods

Between October 1, 2005 to November 30, 2008, 1108 OHCA cases from Fulton County (Atlanta), GA, were eligible for bystander CPR. We conducted multi-level non-linear regression analysis and derived Empirical Bayes estimates for bystander CPR by census tract.

Results

279 (25%) cardiac arrest victims received bystander CPR. Provision of bystander CPR was significantly more common in witnessed events (odds ratio [OR] 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21-2.22, p < 0.001) and those that occurred in public locations (OR 1.67; 95% CI 1.16-2.40, p < 0.001). Other individual-level characteristics were not significantly associated with bystander CPR. Cardiac arrests in the census tracts that rank in the highest income quintile, as compared to the lowest income quintile were much more likely (OR 4.98; 95% CI 1.65-15.04) to receive bystander CPR.

Conclusion

Cardiac arrest victims in the highest income census tracts were much more likely to receive bystander CPR than in the lowest income census tracts, even after controlling for individual and arrest characteristics. Low-income neighborhoods may be particularly appropriate targets for community-based CPR training and awareness efforts.     

山莨菪碱对心搏骤停大鼠复苏的影响

目的 观察山莨菪碱对心搏骤停大鼠自主循环恢复(ROSC)及复苏成功率的影响,旨在探寻心肺复苏的新方法.方法 采用盲法将45只成年SD大鼠随机分为对照组、肾上腺素组和肾上腺素+山莨菪碱组(联用组),每组15只.实验采用经食道心脏起搏诱发心室纤颤或心室静止,使用电动机械胸外按压机进行胸外按压.盲法给药,肾上腺素剂量200 μg/kg,山莨菪碱为10 mg/kg,对比各组ROSC率及复苏成功率.结果 联用组ROSC率(93.3%比46.7%)、复苏成功率(80.0%比33.3%)及3 h存活率(83.3%比20.O%)均高于肾上腺素组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);对照组仅1只大鼠ROSC.ROSC即刻肾上腺素组平均动脉压(MAP)明显高于联用组(P<0.05);ROSC后两组MAP均呈逐渐下降趋势,且自5 min开始,肾上腺素组MAP明显低于联用组,至ROSC后30 min,两组比较差异仍有统计学意义(P均<0.05).结论 肾上腺素合用山莨菪碱可以提高心搏骤停ROSC率和复苏成功率.     

Evaluation of emergency medical dispatch in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Taipei

INTRODUCTION: Emergency medical dispatchers are the entry points to the emergency medical services (EMS). The overall performances of the dispatchers are imperative determinants of the emergency medical services dispatching system. There is little data on the cultural and language impacts on emergency medical dispatch. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the emotional content and cooperation score (ECCS) among Mandarin Chinese speaking callers for cardiac arrests, and evaluated the performances of emergency medical services dispatching system in Taipei. METHODS: This retrospective, observational study examined dispatching audio recordings obtained from the Taipei City Fire Department Dispatching Center between January 2004 to April 2004. The tapes of call relating to adult (age >or=18 years), non-traumatic cases with a presumed or field diagnosis of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) underwent systemic review. The caller's ECCS and the dispatcher's performances, including interview skills, provision of telephone-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (T-CPR), and dispatcher's ability to identify OHCA were examined. Interrater reliability for determining ECCS and interview skills were assessed using kappa statistic. RESULTS: A total of 199 audio recordings were reviewed. A mean ECCS of 1.42+/-0.64 (95% CI: 1.33-1.51) demonstrated that most callers were emotionally stable and cooperative when calling for help, even when facing cardiac arrest patients. There was a good association between ECCS and the sex of the callers (male 1.32 versus female 1.49; p<0.05). In 82% of interviews, the interview skills of the dispatchers was high (4 or 5 points); while in one fifth the interview skills were suboptimal. About one third of the cases were provided with T-CPR by the dispatchers. The sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) for predicting OHCA by dispatchers were 96.9% and 97.9%, respectively. A kappa value of 0.65 and 0.68 were obtained for the interrater reliability of ECCS and interview skills. CONCLUSION: Most callers were found to be emotional stable and cooperative with dispatcher's interrogations when calling for cardiac arrest victims in this Mandarin speaking population. The dispatchers have shown satisfactory interview skills in approaching emergency calls and a good ability to identify OHCA. There is a low rate of T-CPR offered to the callers in the investigation. Efforts should be made to address the deficiencies in order to maximise the function of the EMS.     

心肺复苏患者急诊护理的效果及预后

目的探讨心肺复苏患者急诊护理的效果及预后。方法选择70例心脏骤停并行心脏复苏的患者,通过随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,各35例。对照组给予常规护理,观察组在对照组的基础上加用针对性的护理干预。比较2组患者护理效果。结果护理后,观察组SAS、SDS评分均低于对照组,呼吸机维持时间、住ICU时间均少于对照组,格拉斯哥昏迷指数评分高于对照组(P0.05);观察组在心房颤动、胸部不适、记忆减退、反应迟钝的并发症发生率上均比对照组低(P0.05);观察组28 d存活率、出院时存活率均比对照组高(P0.05)。结论在心肺复苏患者中给予针对性的急诊护理,在提高预后上具有积极意义,值得应用推广。     

Chest compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation performed by lay rescuers for adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to non-cardiac aetiologies

Objective

Bystander CPR improves survival in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). For adult sudden collapse, bystander chest compression-only CPR (COCPR) is recommended in some circumstances by the American Heart Association and European Resuscitation Council. However, adults who arrest from non-cardiac causes may also receive COCPR. Because rescue breathing may be more important for individuals suffering OHCA secondary to non-cardiac causes, COCPR is not recommended for these cases. We evaluated the relationship of lay rescuer COCPR and survival after OHCA from non-cardiac causes.

Methods

Analysis of a statewide Utstein-style registry of adult OHCA, during a large scale campaign endorsing COCPR for OHCA from presumed cardiac cause. The relationship between lay rescuer CPR (both conventional CPR and COCPR) and survival to hospital discharge was evaluated.

Results

Presumed non-cardiac aetiologies of OHCA accounted for 15% of all cases, and lay rescuer CPR was provided in 29% of these cases. Survival to hospital discharge occurred in 3.8% after conventional CPR, 2.7% after COCPR, and 4.0% after no CPR (p = 0.85). The proportion of patients receiving COCPR was much lower in the cohort of OHCA from respiratory causes (8.3%) than for those with presumed cardiac OHCA (18.0%; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

In the setting of a campaign endorsing lay rescuer COCPR for cardiac OHCA, bystanders were less likely to perform COCPR on OHCA victims who might benefit from rescue breathing.     

心肺复苏中机械通气时机选择对急诊心博骤停患者预后的影响

目的探讨心肺复苏的机械通气时机选择对急诊心博骤停患者预后影响。方法选取在本院接受心博骤停自动循环恢复机械通气的50例患者为研究对象,按照机械通气的时间分为早期上机组24例,以及晚期上机组26例,统计两组患者的年龄、性别、心博骤停心率类型以及心博骤停的原因,同时统计两组患者心肺复苏成功效率、心博骤停24 h、有无角膜性反射、有无瞳孔反射、疼痛躲避反应、运动反应、出院时神经功能分类以及治愈出院率。对两组患者的各项指标进行相应比较。结果两组患者的年龄、性别、心博骤停心率类型以及心博骤停原因,两者差异无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）;两组患者的心肺复苏率、24 h角膜反射（＋）、24 h瞳孔反射（＋）、24 h疼痛躲避反应（＋）、24 h运动反应（＋）以及其出院时神经功能分类等,其指标差异有统计学意义,早期上机组明显优于晚期上机组（ P＜0．05）;两组患者成活出院率（45．5％∶40．0％）之间差异无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）,其总成活出院率为33．41％。结论对心博骤停的患者应及早给予机械通气呼吸支持,从而促进患者心脏的恢复,以提高心博骤停疾病患者的治疗效果,提高心博骤停患者心肺复苏的成功率,并且对其神经功能的预后进行改善。