色谱二维光谱相关法识别莫西沙星中的杂质

目的建立识别HPLC色谱图中莫西沙星杂质色谱峰的色谱二维光谱相关方法。方法采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器(HPLC-DAD),建立杂质标准色谱光谱数据;通过样品的色谱光谱数据与标准色谱光谱数据的二维相似计算,对杂质进行识别。结果色谱二维光谱相关法在不同色谱系统下均能准确定性,对样品中杂质判断结果与质谱法一致,识别的最低检出限为30 ng。结论色谱二维光谱相关法可有效地对HPLC分析中的色谱峰进行识别,具有准确度高、耐用性好、多组分同时快速定性的特点,适用于归属因色谱柱、流动相等色谱条件的改变,无法利用相对保留时间定性的色谱峰。     

利用LC-MS和二维色谱相关光谱技术识别HPLC色谱图中杂质峰

采用二维色谱相关光谱技术,实现质控HPLC方法与LC-MS色谱系统色谱峰的相互识别。本文采用HPLC-DAD(中国药典2010版方法)得到头孢唑肟和头孢地尼混合降解杂质的色谱图,建立降解杂质标准色谱光谱数据;采用LC-MS的方法结合MassWorks软件的应用鉴别出头孢唑肟和头孢地尼的主要降解产物;通过计算光谱相关性对杂质色谱峰进行归属。色谱二维光谱相关法在不同色谱系统下能够准确定性,在没有杂质对照品的情况下,可为质控HPLC方法中的杂质峰的归属提供新的途径和新的思路。     

HPLC／DAD光谱相似指数法在雪莲指纹图中的研究

目的:研究中药指纹图谱成分的获取与表征方法,增加表征信息量,提高指纹图谱特征峰的专属性、可靠性。方法:采用HPLC/DAD法对7个产地的雪莲进行了测定,以ODS C_(18)(150mm×6mm,5μm)为色谱柱,流动相为水(含0.61%柠檬酸)-乙腈-异丙醇(400∶188∶20),检测波长200～400nm。用Shimadzu DAD软件对不同产地雪莲色谱图中共有8强峰进行光谱相似检验。结果:不同产地雪莲的色谱指纹图中的共有8强峰的UV光谱图完全一致。光谱相似指数为1。结论:用UV光谱相似指数法进行雪莲色谱指纹图中共有峰的相似检验,在三维图基础上,增加了色谱峰的表征信息量,提高了指纹图谱特征峰的专属性、可靠性、建立了一种较科学的指纹图谱研究方法。     

国产酚磺乙胺的有关物质研究

目的建立测定酚磺乙胺中有关物质的HPLC方法,并对主要未知杂质进行定性研究。方法采用Agilent ZORBAX NH2(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以甲醇-0.2%磷酸二氢钾溶液(10:90)为流动相,检测波长220 nm,流速1.0 mL·min-1;对已知杂质进行定性、定量分析;未知杂质用制备液相色谱纯化,再采集质谱和核磁共振谱的数据,用于结构确定。结果在选定的色谱条件下,酚磺乙胺与各杂质峰均能良好地分离,方法学考察符合分析检测要求。根据质谱和核磁共振谱数据,分离提纯的未知杂质的结构得到初步确认。结论建立的方法简便、灵敏,专属性好,可同时测定酚磺乙胺中的已知杂质及其他未知杂质;未知杂质结构的确定,为酚磺乙胺的质量控制提供了理论依据。     

DAD光谱库在中成药非法添加化学成分检测中的应用

目的：探索中成药中非法添加化学成分的通用检测方法并论证建立DAD光谱库的重要性。方法：采用Shimadzu Shim-Pack VP-0DS（250mm×4．6mm,5μm）色谱柱,采用梯度洗脱,以二极管阵列检测器检测并对检出色谱峰的光谱图与光谱库中的光谱图比较,粗筛出非法添加的化学成分,并对检出的化学成分采用LC—MS进行验证。结果：可以检出吲哚美辛、吡罗昔康、醋酸泼尼松。结论：采用DAD光谱库可大大缩短筛选的时间,提高工作效率。     

HPLC-DAD法对注射用头孢地嗪钠杂质谱的一致性分析研究

目的：采用HPLC-DAD法对国产、进口和自制注射用头孢地嗪钠的杂质谱的一致性进行对比分析。方法：采用C18色谱柱,以5mmol·L^-1。乙酸铵溶液为流动相A,乙腈为流动相B,梯度洗脱;流量为0．5mL·min^-1;DAD检测器,柱温为35℃;以面积归一化法计算各杂质含量,比较自制、国产和进口样品的杂质谱,同时对各对应杂质峰的紫外特征光谱图一致性进行比较。结果：杂质峰位置、数量、每个杂质的百分含量、紫外特征光谱图和总杂质量均显示三种样品的杂质谱完全一样。结论：三种样品的杂质谱是一致的。     

冬凌草抗肿瘤对映贝壳杉烯迈克尔反应受体分子快速发现

目的快速发现冬凌草中抗肿瘤对映贝壳杉烯迈克尔反应受体分子。方法以乙醇钠为催化剂,将冬凌草提取液与紫外分子探针对硝基苯甲酰乙酸乙酯进行柱前衍生迈克尔加成反应。反应完毕后,加入乙酸中和催化剂终止反应得反应液。将反应液与冬凌草原提取液在相同的条件下进行HPLC对比分析。发生加成反应的对映贝壳杉烯色谱峰面积将相应减小,并产生迈克尔加成产物新色谱峰。综合保留时间、色谱峰形和DAD紫外光谱图确定原提取液和反应液HPLC图谱中的对映贝壳杉烯迈克尔反应受体分子。结果从冬凌草提取液HPLC图谱上鉴定出对映贝壳杉烯迈克尔反应受体分子12个。结论首次采用对硝基苯甲酰乙酸乙酯分子探针HPLC—DAD法快速发现冬凌草中对映贝壳杉烯迈克尔反应受体分子。     

比阿培南及杂质质控HPLC分析方法的建立(英文)

建立了适用于比阿培南及其杂质质量控制的HPLC分析方法。采用Dikma Diamonsil C₁₈（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-0.1%三乙胺溶液（1:99,v/v）,二极管阵列检测器检测波长为220 nm。比阿培南的线性范围为（0.05-10.0）mg/mL（r²=0.999）;杂质的最低检出限（LOD）和最低定量限（LOQ）分别为4.8 ng（S/N=3）和18.5 ng（S/N=10）;测定比阿培南最大杂质和总杂质的日内精密度（RSD）分别为1.84%和3.37%（n=3）,日间精密度（RSD）分别为4.84%和7.58%（n=9）;供试品溶液在4℃放置6 h稳定。利用HPLC-DAD数据,采用二维色谱光谱相关分析技术,在没有杂质对照品的情况下,实现了质控分析HPLC-UV色谱图中的色谱峰与LC-MS色谱图中的色谱峰的相互识别。质控色谱图中相对保留时间为0.528,0.743,1.062和2.817的4个色谱峰结构被确认,分别为比阿培南的水解产物和二聚体。该方法为鉴别常规HPLC-UV色谱图中的色谱峰提供了新思路。     

开郁宁片高效液相色谱指纹图谱研究

目的建立开郁宁片的高效液相色谱（HPLC）指纹图谱,对该产品中所含化学成分进行综合评价,并为该产品质量标准的进一步提升提供新方法。方法采用HPLC方法,将获得的色谱数据转化为色谱指纹谱,据此对开郁宁片样品进行分析鉴别。结果相对保留值和相对峰面积相结合能够准确判断开郁宁片样品和标准的相似程度。结论HPLC指纹谱能有效实施生产上的在线控制,保证不同批次开郁宁片质量稳定一致,并能用于多成分含量测定。     

抗生素杂质的检测方法研究进展

本文对抗生素杂质的各检测方法的研究进展进行了综述。常用的杂质检测法有高效液相色谱法(HPLC)、气相色谱法(GC)及凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC);GPC主要用于高分子聚合物的检测,而GC法用于挥发性杂质的检测。此外,还有毛细管电泳法(CE)、气相色谱一质谱联用技术(GC-MS)、核磁共振(NMR)光谱法及高效阴离子交换色谱-积分脉冲安培检测分析法等。本文重点阐述HPLC法结合色谱二维光谱相关法在杂质定位识别方面的应用和CE法及LC-MS法在抗生素杂质分析方面的应用情况,最后对各方法在杂质检测领域的发展前景进行展望。     

Improving the detection of degradants and impurities in pharmaceutical drug products by applying mass spectral and chromatographic searching

Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and NMR are commonly used to identify metabolites, impurities and degradation products in the pharmaceutical industry. To more efficiently deal with the large volumes of data these techniques generate, software programs have been developed by various vendors to assist in the identification of these compounds through the use of spectral and chromatographic search algorithms. The feasibility of using such programs for detecting drug degradants and impurities is assessed. A number of compounds encompassing a wide range of both chemical and pharmaceutical properties were tested using LC/UV/MS and the spectral/chromatographic search algorithm MetaboLynx (Micromass UK Ltd.) to determine the feasibility of detecting analytes at low concentrations. In addition, drug product and stressed drug substance samples containing quinapril hydrochloride, the active ingredient in Accupril tablets, were determined by liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure ionization-time-of-flight (API LC-TOF) and an API LC-quadrupole (Q) mass spectrometer, and the resulting data was processed using MetaboLynx. The ability of this program to detect and list a variety of analytes known to be present in the samples was evaluated. The combination of LC/UV, LC/MS and spectral/chromatographic searching is a valuable tool for the detection of impurities at low levels.     

基于近红外特征谱段相关系数法鉴别真伪龙齿

目的：利用近红外特征谱段相关系数法建立定性模型对真伪龙齿进行快速鉴别。方法：在传统性状鉴别的基础上,使用近红外光谱仪的光纤附件采集光谱,以正品龙齿的近红外光谱为参照光谱,选择特征谱段,设定合适阈值,建立真伪龙齿定性鉴别模型,通过模型快速判断待测龙齿样品的真伪。结果：选定5000~4200 cm-1谱段为特征谱段,计算训练集样品中真伪龙齿的相关系数,设定阈值为92.67%,用10批验证集样品对模型进行验证,预测正确率为90%。结论：利用近红外特征谱段相关系数法建立的定性鉴别模型具有较好的预测能力,可以做为快速鉴别真伪龙齿的方法。     

Simultaneous determination of three steroidal glycoalkaloids in Solanum xanthocarpum by high performance thin layer chromatography

A new high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method has been developed for the simultaneous quantitation of three bioactive steroidal glycoalkaloid (SGA) markers, solasonine (SN), solamargine (SM) and khasianine (KN) in the plant Solanum xanthocarpum. Extraction efficiency of targeted SGAs from plant matrix using methanol and acidified methanol were studied using percolation, ultrasonication and microwave techniques. The separation was achieved on silica gel 60F(254) TLC plates using chloroform-methanol-water as mobile phase. The quantitation of SGAs was carried out using the densitometric reflection/absorption mode at 520 nm after post chromatographic derivatization using Dragendorff's reagent. The method was validated for peak purity, precision, accuracy, robustness, limit of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ). Method specificity was confirmed using retention factor (R(f)), Vis spectral correlation and electrospray ionization mass spectra (ESI-MS) of marker compounds in the sample track.     

Separation and identification of microcystins in cyanobacteria by frit-fast atom bombardment liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.

In order to separate and identify microcystins, a new analytical method was developed using a frit probe as an interface for fast atom bombardment mass spectral analysis of high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) effluents. Two types of HPLC conditions were designed for separation of standard microcystins RR, YR and LR. The HPLC conditions, for example, methanol:0.01% trifluoroacetic acid = 61:39 (containing 0.8% glycerol) as a mobile phase and 0.5 ml/min as a flow rate, provided a base line separation of standard microcystins RR, YR and LR. The HPLC conditions were also effective for separation of the non-toxic geometrical isomers of microcystins RR and LR. The total ion chromatogram of a mixture of standard microcystins showed excellent correlation with the HPLC separation using a u.v. detector. The method was subsequently applied to analysis of microcystins contained in both a culture strain and a field sample, and the procedure from toxin extraction to identification of microcystins was performed within 1 day. The mass chromatogram monitored at m/z 135 that is always observed with abundance in the FAB mass spectra of the purified microcystins, differentiated between microcystins and other types of compounds. This technique allowed the rapid identification of unknown microcystins without standard samples. Additionally, compounds other than microcystins were also found, which would not be seen by u.v. detection at 238 nm.     

泰能真伪的快速鉴别

目的：运用药品检测车所载仪器快速鉴别泰能的真伪。方法：研究建立泰能外观鉴别法;采集泰能真品和假冒品的近红外图谱（NIR）,对图谱进行比对分析,并建立相关系数模型。结果：泰能真品与假冒品的外观和光谱行为存在明显差别,利用外观鉴别法、图谱比对法和相关系数分析法作综合判断。结论：药品检测车装备的药品快速鉴别仪器,对进口药品的初筛发挥着很大的优势,能有效保证进口药品现场监督的质量。     

近红外特征谱段相关系数法中特征谱段选择方法的探讨(英文)

借鉴广义二维相关光谱法,以温度为扰动进行待测化合物的中红外-近红外(IR-NIR)二维相关谱分析,利用IR光谱峰归属明确的特点,通过IR-NIR光谱的相关分析,确定NIR光谱中与待测化合物结构关联密切并受干扰程度较小的典型特征波数区域作为NIR特征谱段相关系数法中的特征谱段。据此快速建立的筛查中成药/保健品中非法添加枸橼酸西地那非、他达拉非和盐酸二甲双胍的NIR特征谱段相关系数法的准确性均在90%左右,可以满足现场快速筛查的需要。     

Application of electrospray ionization product ion spectra for identification with atmospheric pressure matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry – a case study with seized drugs

Product ion spectra obtained with liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI/MS/MS) were applied to the identification of seized drug samples from atmospheric pressure matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization product ion spectra (AP‐MALDI‐MS/MS spectra). Data acquisition was performed in the information‐dependent acquisition (IDA) mode, and the substance identification was based on a spectral library previously created with LC‐ESI/MS/MS using protonated molecules as precursor ions. A total of 39 seized drug samples were analyzed with both AP‐MALDI and LC‐ESI techniques using the same triple‐quadrupole instrument (AB Sciex 4000QTRAP). The study shows that ESI‐MS/MS spectra can be directly utilized in AP‐MALDI‐MS/MS measurements as the average fit and purity score percentages with AP‐MALDI were 90% and 85%, respectively, being similar to or even better than those obtained with the reference LC/ESI‐MS/MS method. This fact enables the possibility to use large ESI spectral libraries, not only to ESI analyses but also to analyses with other ionization techniques which produce protonated molecules as the base peak. The data obtained shows that spectral library search works also for analytical techniques which produce multi‐component mass spectra, such as AP‐MALDI, unless isobaric compounds are encountered. The spectral library search was successfully applied to rapid identification of confiscated drugs by AP‐MALDI‐IDA‐MS/MS. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

液相色谱-质谱联用法检测壮阳制剂中非法掺入的伪伐地那非

目的建立检测壮阳制剂中非法掺入的伪伐地那非的专属性方法。方法将壮阳制剂的提取液通过液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱分析,根据相对分子质量、二级质谱碎片信息、液相色谱保留时间、紫外光谱等信息,对壮阳制剂中非法掺入的伪伐地那非进行定性鉴别。结果检测到壮阳制剂中掺有伪伐地那非。结论液相色谱-质谱联用法专属性强,灵敏度高,可作为检测壮阳制剂中非法掺入伪伐地那非的有效方法。