CT透视引导下胸部小病灶穿刺活检的临床价值

目的探讨CT引导胸部小病灶穿刺活检技术及诊断价值。方法 50例胸部小病灶(<3 cm)在CT引导下采用自动切割式活检针穿刺活检。结果50例胸部肿块穿刺活检病灶取材成功100%。胸部肿块穿刺活检的诊断准确率96%(48/50),对恶性病变诊断准确率97.5%(39/40),良性病变为90%(9/10)。并发气胸2例,少量出血1例。结论 C T引导下穿刺活检是安全、有效的诊断手段,对于胸部病变诊断的准确率高,CT引导下胸部小病灶穿刺活检对胸部病变的诊断和治疗具有重要意义。     

CT透视导向胸部病变穿刺活检

目的 探讨CT透视导向胸部病变穿刺活检技术及其临床意义。方法 76例胸部病变穿刺，其中肺部68例，纵隔5例，胸膜3例。结果 76例穿刺活检病灶成功率100％。诊断准确率96．1％(73／76)，其中恶性病变诊断准确率97．9％(47／48)，良性病变诊断准确率92．3％(26／28)。并发气胸24例(31．6％)。结论 ①CT透视技术集合了X线透视和常规CT两者的优点；②对良、恶性病变诊断正确率很高，具有重要的临床意义。     

两种活检针在经皮胸肺穿刺活检中的应用

目的：观察两种不同活检针在CT导向下经皮胸肺穿刺活检的准确率和并发症的发生率。方法：对17例肺内直径≤2cm的病灶用22G抽吸活检针行经皮胸肺穿刺活检；对22例直径〉2cm的病灶用18Gmedi—tech同轴切割针行经皮胸肺穿刺活检。结果：22G抽吸活检针活检确诊率为76．5％，并发症发生率为11．7％；18G同轴切割针活检确诊率为91%，并发症发生率为13．6%。结论：1、根据病灶的大小、位置，选择不同的穿刺针获取不同大小的组织．提高了穿刺活检确诊率和减少了并发症的发生率；2、除不能合作者外，CT导向经皮胸肺穿刺技术可用于几乎所有胸部病灶的活检。     

CT导引四肢骨活检的价值(附50例报告)

目的　报告应用CT导引活检在四肢骨病变诊断中的方法和作用。方法　对 5 0例四肢骨病变行CT导引下活检。每例常规取样 2～ 3次。对 13例灶区或灶周硬化明显者应用了Ackmann骨钻针 ,对 42例应用了Temno核心切割针 ,12例囊性或有明显液化区的病灶则加用了细抽吸针。结果　活检的诊断准确率 88%( 4 4/5 0 )。 6例假阴性者的病灶特征包括 3例增生硬化性病灶 ,2例液化性及 1例混合性病灶。 5 0例可以分为原发恶性骨肿瘤 (n =2 3) ,原发良性骨肿瘤及肿瘤样病变 (n =12 ) ,骨转移 (n =8)及骨感染 (n =7)四类 ,其活检准确率分别为 91%、83%、10 0 %和 71%。Ackmann骨钻针、Temno核心切割针及细抽吸针的活检准确率分别为6 2 %、83%和 5 8%。未发生严重并发症。结论　CT导引下四肢骨活检是一种安全、准确而有效的方法。根据病变类型选用骨钻针、核心切割针或细抽吸针 ,并注意避开坏死区及多靶点取样 ,三种活检针的取样结果有互补性 ,合理联合使用可以提高诊断准确率。     

超声引导下细针穿刺不同直径甲状腺结节诊断的临床应用价值

目的 探讨超声引导下细针穿刺抽吸活检用于不同直径甲状腺结节的标本获取情况及诊断价值。方法 选取126例甲状腺结节患者，29例患者甲状腺结节直径<5 mm为A组，42例患者甲状腺结节直径5～10 mm为B组，55例甲状腺结节直径>10 mm为C组。比较三组超声引导下细针穿刺抽吸活检的细胞学检查结果；以常规病理学诊断或随访结果为金标准，以Kappa分析超声引导下细针穿刺抽吸活检诊断不同直径甲状腺结节良恶性与金标准的一致性。结果126个甲状腺结节穿刺成功率为100%,超声引导下细针穿刺抽吸活检诊断直径<5 mm、5～10 mm、>10 mm的甲状腺结节良恶性均有较好的价值，敏感性分别为85.7%、84.6%、88.2%,特异性分别为90.9%、93.1%、86.8%,Kappa值分别为0.731、0.777、0.716,细胞学检查结果显示，A组恶性结节8个、良性结节21个，B组恶性结节13个、良性结节29个，C组恶性结节20个、良性结节35个，三组超声引导下细针穿刺抽吸活检的细胞学检查结果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);病理组织活检结果显示，A组恶性结节7个、...     

X线引导经纤支镜肺内穿刺针吸活检对肺周围孤立性块影的诊断价值

目的：探讨X线引导经纤维支气管镜肺内穿刺针吸活检对肺周围孤立性块影的诊断价值。方法：选择110例胸部正侧位X线片表现的肺周围孤立性块影的患者，常规纤维支气管镜检查气管及系统支气管未见异常，用纤维支气管镜经鼻腔插入X线检查提示病变所在的肺段支气管，先在X线透视引导下将NM-3K（E）活检针插入病灶附近，打开活检针并前进刺入病灶，多轴位透视证实活检针在病灶内，嘱患者吸气后屏气，用50ml注射器连接活检针柄进行负压抽吸活检涂片，再用95％的酒精固定后送病理检查。结果：110例患者最后确诊97例，确诊率为88％，未发生气胸及感染并发症。资料表明：X线引导下经纤维支气管镜肺内穿刺针吸活检是诊断肺周围孤立性块影安全有效的方法。     

CT引导下半自动可分离切割针系统肺活检的应用

肺的细针穿刺抽吸活检对肺的恶性病变的诊断安全灵敏，而对良性病变的确诊率较低。近年来自动切割针及半自动切割针广泛应用于临床活检，使其确诊率明显提高。本研究旨在评价CT导向下半自动可分离切割针系统经皮肺部病灶活检技术的价值。     

螺旋CT引导下胸部病变穿刺活检的临床应用

目的：螺旋CT引导下胸部病变穿刺活检的临床应用价值。方法：用半自动活检针对45例胸部病变在螺旋CT引导下穿刺活检，其中肺部病变40例，纵膈病变2例，胸膜病变2例，胸壁病变1例。结果：45例病变穿刺活检成功率为100％，诊断准确率93．3％（42/45），恶性病变准确率94．3％（33/35），良性病变准确率90％（9/10）。并发气胸5例，肺出血4例，痰中带血2例。结论：螺旋CT引导下胸部穿刺活检成功率高，并发症少，安全可靠，值得临床推广应用。     

CT导引下胸部肿块切割及抽吸活检配合应用的临床价值

目的：探讨切割及抽吸活检配合应用诊断胸部肿块的临床价值。材料与方法；对68例胸部肿块病人在CT导引下同时行切割及抽吸两种术式采取标本，对两种活检方法各自的准确率及总准确率做对照研究。结果：切割活检与抽吸活检的准确率分别为79．47％，77．94％，二者之间无显著差异（P＞0．05），但均明显低于总准确率92．65％（P＜0．05）。结论：切割及抽吸活检的配合应用能明显提高活检准确率，具有较高的临床使用价值。     

CT 引导下经皮肺穿刺活检诊断肺外周病灶的应用分析

目的：探讨C T引导下经皮肺穿刺活检诊断肺外周病灶的应用价值。方法72例肺外周病灶患者C T引导下经皮肺穿刺活检分成2组,即研究组（接受C T引导下经皮肺穿刺活检）40例、对照组（接受透视C T引导下经皮肺穿刺活检）32例,比较分析两组的敏感性和特异性。结果研究组准确率、敏感性和特异性均显著高于对照组（礸＝6．105、6.098、8．654,P值均＜0．05）。结论 CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检诊断肺外周病灶有较高的敏感性和特异性,值得临床上推广应用。     

Value of CT fluoroscopy for lumbar facet blocks

We compared the diagnostic accuracy of lumbar facet blocks guided by either conventional fluoroscopy or CT fluoroscopy (CTF). Seventy-one blocks were performed with conventional fluoroscopy, and 58 were performed using CTF. Pain scores were measured before and after the procedure. The CTF group had a greater percentage decrease in pain (79.5% +/- 31.1%) than did the conventional fluoroscopy group (55.5% +/- 38.0%; P < .0005). We conclude lumbar facet blocks by using CTF guidance results in greater diagnostic accuracy than do conventional fluoroscopy.     

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of nonpalpable breast lesions in a multicenter clinical trial: results from the radiologic diagnostic oncology group V

PURPOSE: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonographically (US) and stereotactically guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in the diagnosis of nonpalpable breast lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: At 18 institutions, 442 women who underwent 22-25-gauge imaging-guided FNAB were enrolled. Definitive surgical, core-needle biopsy, and/or follow-up information was available for 423 (95.7%) of these women. The reference standard was established from additional clinical and imaging information for an additional six (1.4%) women who did not undergo further histopathologic evaluation. The FNAB protocol was standardized at all institutions, and all specimens were reread by one of two expert cytopathologists. RESULTS: When insufficient samples were included in the analysis and classified as positive, the sensitivity and specificity of FNAB were 85%-88% and 55.6%-90.5%, respectively; accuracy ranged from 62.2% to 89.2%. The diagnostic accuracy of FNAB was significantly better for detection of masses than for detection of calcifications (67.3% vs. 53.8%, P =.006) and with US guidance than with stereotactic guidance (77.2% vs. 58.9%; P =.002). CONCLUSION: FNAB of nonpalpable breast lesions has limited value given the high insufficient sample rate and greater diagnostic accuracy of other interventions, including core-needle biopsy and needle-localized open surgical biopsy.     

MRI-guided biopsy and fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in the diagnosis of musculoskeletal lesions

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guided musculoskeletal biopsy and the value of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) when combined with histologic biopsy.

Materials and methods

A total of 172 biopsies were performed under MRI guidance, 170 were histologic biopsies. In 112 cases, a fine needle aspiration biopsy was also performed. In two cases, a stand-alone FNAB was performed. The diagnostic performance was evaluated retrospectively by comparing the histopathologic and cytologic diagnosis with the current or final diagnosis after at least one year of clinical and imaging follow-up. A 0.23 T open MRI scanner with an interventional stereotactic guidance system was used.

Results

The overall diagnostic accuracy of MRI guided biopsy was 0.95, sensitivity 0.91, specificity 0.98, positive predictive value (ppv) 0.97 and negative predictive value (npv) 0.93. The diagnostic accuracy of trephine biopsy alone was 0.93, sensitivity 0.89, specificity 0.98, ppv 0.97 and npv 0.91 and accuracy for FNAB alone was 0.85, sensitivity 0.80, specificity 0.90, ppv 0.89 and npv 0.82.

Conclusions

MRI guidance is a feasible and accurate tool in percutaneous musculoskeletal biopsies. Fine needle biopsy is a useful low-cost supplement to histologic biopsy.     

Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAG) guided with tomodensitometry of pulmonary and mediastinal masses. Personal experience

CT-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) was performed on the patients with pulmonary or mediastinal masses to obtain material for cytologic/histologic diagnosis. Diagnostic accuracy and safety of the technique were evaluated in 75 patients affected with thoracic lesions still undiagnosed after thorough radiological and endoscopic investigations. The cytologic and/or microhistologic samples allowed a correct diagnosis to be made in 61 cases (81%), with no false positives and 7 false negatives (9%). The samples were inadequate for diagnostic purposes in 7 cases (9%). Specificity, sensitivity, and diagnostic accuracy were 68%, 76%, and 81%, respectively. No major complication was recorded and a case of asymptomatic pneumothorax resolved spontaneously within 48 hours. CT-guided FNAB of space-occupying lesions in the lung and mediastinum is therefore a rapid and valuable diagnostic tool and is quite safe when performed by skilled operators.     

Power Doppler US patterns of vascularity and spectral Doppler US parameters in predicting malignancy in thyroid nodules

AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine whether spectral Doppler ultrasound (US) parameters, including resistive index (RI) and maximal systolic velocity (MSV), or vascular pattern can be used to distinguish malignant from benign thyroid nodules. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively examined 169 thyroid nodules in 134 patients undergoing sonographically guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Vascularity as determined by power Doppler US imaging was defined as absent, perinodular alone, or intranodular. For each nodule, the RI and MSV values were recorded as the average of the recordings obtained. Results of the FNAB and surgical pathological examination, if available, were used as a proof of final diagnosis to categorize all nodules as benign or malignant. RESULTS: Seven nodules were excluded from study because of non-diagnostic FNAB results due to hypocellular or insufficient cytological material. Of the remaining nodules, nine were malignant (all confirmed at surgery) and 153 were benign. Of the 145 nodules with intranodular vascularity, nine (6.2%) were malignant and the remaining 136 (93.8%) were benign. The malignant nodules had a mean RI of 0.60 on intranodular and 0.58 on perinodular arteries. These values were not significantly higher than those associated with benign nodules (RI=0.57 and RI=0.56, respectively). Malignant nodules had a mean MSV of 20.4cm/s on intranodular and 35.3cm/s on perinodular arteries that were also not significantly different from those associated with benign nodules (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that Doppler US characteristics including vascular pattern, RI and MSV are not useful parameters for distinguishing malignant from benign thyroid nodules. Therefore, Doppler US characteristics including vascular pattern, RI and MSV values of thyroid nodules can not be used as a diagnostic method to determine which nodules should undergo FNAB.     

CT联合电子水平仪技术在穿刺活检诊断肺微小结节的应用价值

目的 探讨CT联合电子水平仪引导经皮肺穿刺活检,对诊断肺部微小结节的临床价值.方法 对44例肺微小结节行CT联合电子水平仪引导下穿刺活检,术后组织送病理学检查.结节根据直径大小不同分为2组,直径为0.5～1.0 cm为A组(10例),直径为1.1～2.0 cm为B组(34例),以切除术后病理及临床诊疗后随访12月以上的诊断结果为最终结果.对比分析其敏感度、特异性、准确性及并发症,并将2组结节的诊断准确性、敏感性、特异度应用配对x 2检验进行比较,P＜0.05有显著性差异.结果 (1)44例病灶中,穿刺靶点到位率100％;总穿刺敏感度为90.9％,特异性为100％,准确性为88.6％,阳性预测值为97.5％,阴性预测值为100％.其中A组的敏感度为77.8％,特异性为100％,准确性为70.0％;B组的敏感度为94.1％,特异性为100％,准确性为94.1％;A组的敏感度、准确性均高于B组(P＜0.05),特异性无差异.(2)并发症:气胸发生率为9.1％,肺内出血发生率为11.4％,血胸发生率为2.3％,总并发症发生率为22.7％,经处理后均治愈.病灶周围有肺气肿是气胸及肺内出血的危险因素(x2=11.2、10.2,P＜0.05),而病灶部位、大小及深度均与上述并发症无关(P＞0.05).结论 对肺部微小结节病变,CT联合电子水平仪引导下经皮经肺穿刺活检是一种安全、有效、准确性高的诊断方法.     

Nonpalpable, well-defined, probably benign breast nodule: management by fine-needle aspiration biopsy and long-interval follow-up mammography

The management of nonpalpable, well-defined breast nodules by short-interval, 6-month follow-up mammography is widely accepted. We have, however, been managing these type of lesions with fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), guided by sonography or stereotaxic approach, in order to reduce the number of follow-up mammograms. We recommended surgical biopsy only in cases with malignant or suspicious cytology. Patients with benign cytology or inadequate sample were included in a 12-month-interval mammography surveillance program. In the series we present, two carcinomas were diagnosed among 145 lesions (1.38 %). Both had shown malignancy in FNAB. Another two cases, suspicious of malignancy in FNAB, finally resulted benign in histology. The remaining 141 nodules, monitored for at least 2 years, or surgically removed at the patient's request, have not shown signs of malignancy, regardless of a diagnosis of either benign or inadequate sample in FNAB. Sensitivity and negative predictive value of FNAB have therefore been 100 % in this series. No notable differences were observed between stereotaxic and sonographic guidance, except the percentage of inadequate samples (20.3 % by sonography; 25.9 % by stereotaxic sampling). We conclude that stereotaxic or sonographic FNAB is a very accurate diagnostic method in lesions of this type, allowing long-interval surveillance of the nodules with nonsuspicious cytological results. Received 29 January 1996; Revision received 23 October 1996; Accepted 5 February 1997     

The potential influence of fine-needle aspiration on MR imaging of the breast

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine whether fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of breast lesions causes structural changes or changes in contrast enhancement, that could impair the evaluation of these lesions at MR investigation of the breast.Material and Methods: Fifteen patients with 17 lesions were examined with MR imaging of the breast both before and after the FNAB with a mean interval of 7.1 days. At both examinations, signal intensities were measured pre- and post-contrast enhancement in the lesions as well as in surrounding breast parenchyma and muscle. Imaging with contrast enhancement was performed semi-dynamically with two images obtained in rapid sequence (acquisition time 6.23 min) immediately after bolus injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine, 0.1 mmol/kg b.w., and the contrast enhancement in both images was calculated.Results: The diagnostic value of MR images was unimpaired by FNAB, and no statistical difference between contrast enhancement in corresponding images obtained before and after FNAB was found, either within the lesions or in the breast parenchyma or muscle.Conclusion: FNAB of the breast can be performed without impairing the diagnostic outcome of MR investigation.     

Ultrasound-guided transthoracic co-axial biopsy of thoracic mass lesions

PURPOSE: To compare the diagnostic yield of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and cutting needle biopsy in thoracic lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODs: Thirty patients with thoracic mass lesions were subjected to ultrasound-guided co-axial FNAB and cutting needle biopsy using 0.7 mm aspirating and 1.0-mm cutting needles, respectively. The diagnostic yield of the individual modalities was compared with the combined yield. RESULTS: A conclusive diagnosis was obtained in 76.6% (n=23) of patients by FNAB and in 66.6% (n=20) by cutting needle biopsy. The combined diagnostic yield of FNAB and cutting needle biopsy was 93.3% (n=28) with a significant statistical difference (p<0.03) as compared to cutting biopsy alone. Of the patients, 23.2% (n=7) had benign and 76.6% (n=23) malignant aetiologies. The diagnostic yield of FNAB versus cutting needle biopsy in benign lesions was 57.1% (n=4) and 100% (n=7), respectively. The diagnostic yield of FNAB versus cutting needle biopsy in malignant lesions was 82.6% (n=19) and 56.5%, (n=13). Two patients remained undiagnosed by either modality. There were no complications. CONCLUSION: FNAB and cutting needle biopsy are complementary to each other and attempts should be made to obtain small tissue cores in addition to routine cytologic specimens in diagnosing thoracic lesions, especially in benign pathologies. US provides a safe guidance modality for lesions abutting the chest wall.     

Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of gall bladder malignancies.

PURPOSE: To establish the safety and efficacy of US-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in gall bladder malignancies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 142 patients suspected to have gall bladder malignancies underwent FNAB under real-time US guidance. The most common sonographic appearances were a mass filling or replacing the gall bladder (n=98), focal or diffuse wall thickening (n=25) and intraluminal polypoidal mass (n=19). FNAB was performed with a 0.7-mm spinal needle using a free-hand technique. RESULTS: On initial FNAB, 115 patients were diagnosed to have malignancy. In the remaining 27 patients, aspirates on first FNAB showed either inflammatory pathology (n=14) or the sample was suspicious of malignancy (n=7), or the aspirates were non-representative (n=6). Of these 27 patients, 13 underwent repeat FNAB because of the high suspicion of malignancy and 12 of them showed malignancy. The FNAB diagnosis of inflammatory disease of 7 patients was confirmed on subsequent surgery and 8 patients were lost to follow-up. Thus, a total of 127/142 were diagnosed to have gall bladder malignancy. Adenocarcinoma was the most common malignancy (89.76%). No procedure-related complications were encountered. CONCLUSION: US-guided FNAB is a safe and accurate technique to diagnose gall bladder malignancy. Either a repeat FNAB or surgical biopsy is recommended when the suspicion of malignancy is high and the initial FNAB is negative.