ER、PR、HER-2、Ki-67在乳腺浸润性导管癌合并导管原位癌组织中的表达及意义

目的:研究雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、人表皮生长因子受体-2(HER-2)、Ki-67在乳腺浸润性导管癌合并导管原位癌患者组织中的表达情况。方法:2015年2月—2019年2月,乳腺浸润性导管癌合并导管原位癌患者200例,分别采用免疫组织化学法检测所有患者癌组织中ER、PR、HER-2、Ki-67的表达情况,并分析表达情况与患者病理参数之间的关系。结果:ER在TNMⅠ～Ⅱ级的乳腺浸润性导管癌合并导管原位癌组织中表达高于Ⅲ级患者(P0.05)。PR和ki67在TNMⅠ～Ⅱ级的乳腺浸润性导管癌合并导管原位癌组织中表达均低于Ⅲ级患者(P0.05)。HER-2在年龄、肿瘤直径、TNM分期、组织学分级以及淋巴结转移中的表达差异不明显(均P0.05)。结论:检测ER、PR、HER-2、Ki-67表达水平,有利于评估乳腺浸润性导管癌合并导管原位癌患者的病情,为临床治疗方案的制定提供指导作用。     

Ki-67在人类表皮细胞生长因子受体-2阳性乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达和意义

目的 研究Ki-67在HER-2阳性乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达与组织学分级、TNM分期、淋巴结转移、肿瘤大小、患者年龄、月经史、ER、PR等的关系和临床意义.方法 应用免疫组织化学方法检测HER-2阳性乳腺浸润性导管癌56例中Ki-67的表达,分析其与临床特征的关系.结果 HER-2阳性56例中,Ki-67、HER-2不同阳性程度表达与TNM分期、淋巴结转移、PR之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Ki-67表达与组织学分级、ER组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同年龄、月经史组、肿瘤大小组HER-2阳性程度表达的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同HER-2阳性程度组的Ki-67表达差异无统计学意义.结论 在HER-2阳性乳腺浸润性导管癌中,Ki-67仍是非常重要的生物学指标,同时检测HER-2、Ki-67等指标有助于准确的判断预后和为个体化靶向治疗提供参考,具有重要的临床意义.     

UbcH10在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达及预后分析

目的:探讨UbcH10在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达及其与预后的关系。方法:采用免疫组化检测100例乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中UbcH10、ER、PR、Ki-67、p53和HER-2的表达差异,分析UbcH10表达与年龄、TNM分期、分化程度、ER、PR、Ki-67、p53表达及HER-2等特征及预后的相关性。结果:UbcH10在乳腺浸润性导管癌中高表达,在乳腺癌组织与癌旁组织及乳腺良性肿瘤中的表达存在显著差异;UbcH10的表达在不同分化程度之间和乳腺癌各分子分型之间有统计学差异;UbcH10的表达与Ki-67、HER-2表达有相关性;UbcH10的表达与病人年龄、肿块大小、区域淋巴结转移、肿瘤TNM分期、ER、PR、p53表达状态无相关性;UbcH10高表达组预后差,阳性表达的生存时间低于阴性表达。结论:UbcH10在乳腺浸润性导管癌中高表达,预后较差。     

雌激素受体阴性乳腺癌HER-2和Ki-67表达分析

目的探讨雌激素受体(ER)阴性表达的浸润性乳腺癌PR、HER-2、Ki-67的表达情况与临床病理特征的关系。方法选取1339例浸润性乳腺癌,其中ER阴性乳腺癌403例,回顾性分析PR、HER-2、Ki-67的表达状况及其间的相关性,以及PR、HER-2、Ki-67的表达与临床病理特征关系。结果 PR、HER-2和Ki-67的阳性表达率分别为8.9%(36/403)、26.8%(108/403)和98.3%(396/403)。PR与患者年龄、肿瘤大小、P53表达有统计学意义(P0.05),与组织学分级、有无淋巴结转移无统计学意义(P0.05)。而HER-2与各项临床病理指标均有统计学意义(P0.05)。Ki-67表达与P53表达、淋巴结转移有关(P0.05),与患者年龄、肿瘤大小及组织学分级无关(P0.05)。PR、HER-2、Ki-67三者间表达呈正相关,其中Ki-67与HER-2表达呈高度正相关(r=0.941,P=0.000)。结论ER阴性乳腺癌HER-2表达与临床病理特征有关。Ki-67可作为预测HER-2表达状况的重要指标。     

Ki-67与乳腺癌临床、病理及钼靶BI-RADS分级的关系

目的探究Ki-67与乳腺癌患者临床、病理及钼靶BI-RADS分级的关系。方法回顾性分析2015年1月~2016年12月孝感市中心医院甲乳外科收治的199例女性乳腺癌患者的临床、病理及钼靶BI-RADS分级资料。结果 Ki-67指数与肿瘤直径、淋巴结转移情况、钼靶BIRADS分级、ER、PR、HER-2及浸润性导管癌WHO分级均有关(均P0.05),与年龄无关(P0.05)。髓样癌Ki-67指数平均值(61.47%)大于浸润性导管癌(36.26%)、粘液癌(15.10%)、浸润性小叶癌(20.62%)及导管内癌(12.53%)(均P0.05)。浸润性导管癌Ki-67指数平均值大于粘液癌及导管内癌(均P0.05)。Luminal B型(35.43%)、HER-2阳性型(39.58%)及三阴性型(57.26%)Ki-67平均值均大于Luminal A型(7.23%)(均P0.05),Luminal B型Ki-67平均值小于HER-2阳性型(P0.05)。三阴性型Ki-67平均值大于非三阴性型(30.20%)(P0.05)。结论 Ki-67指数与乳腺癌患者临床、病理及钼靶BI-RADS分级均有关,对乳腺癌的治疗和判断预后具有指导意义。     

ALCAM/CD166在乳腺癌组织中表达及意义以及其与Bcl-2、Ki-67的关系

目的研究乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中活化白细胞黏附分子(ALCAM/CD166)的表达及其与凋亡抑制蛋白Bcl-2及增殖细胞核抗原Ki-67的关系,探讨ALCAM/CD166在乳腺浸润性导管癌发生、发展中的作用。方法应用免疫组织化学Elivision~(TM) Plus二步法检测96例乳腺浸润性导管癌组织和30例癌旁非瘤乳腺上皮组织中ALCAM/CD166及Bcl-2、Ki-67蛋白表达的情况,分析ALCAM/CD166蛋白表达与乳腺浸润性导管癌患者的年龄、肿瘤直径、组织病理学分级、淋巴结转移及TNM分期的关系以及其与Bcl-2、Ki-67的相关性。结果 1在96例乳腺浸润性导管癌中ALCAM/CD166蛋白表达阳性率为79.2%(76/96),明显高于其在癌旁非瘤乳腺上皮组织中的10.0%(3/30),差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。2 ALCAM/CD166蛋白阳性表达与乳腺浸润性导管癌患者的年龄、肿瘤直径、组织病理学分级及TNM分期均无关(P0.05),与腋窝淋巴结转移有关(P0.05)。3乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中ALCAM/CD166蛋白表达与Bcl-2蛋白表达呈正相关(rs=0.307,P=0.001),而与Ki-67蛋白表达无关(rs=0.064,P=0.475)。结论 ALCAM/CD166蛋白表达与乳腺浸润性导管癌细胞凋亡及转移有关,可能成为判断肿瘤生物学行为和患者预后的重要参考指标之一。     

Ki-67、miR-182在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达及相关性

探究Ki-67和miR-182在乳腺浸润性导管癌的表达及相关性。选取2014年7月—2016年7月70例乳腺浸润性导管癌患者的癌组织和癌旁组织标本为研究对象,免疫组化法检测各样本中Ki-67的表达,同时荧光定量PCR检测各组织样本中miR-182的表达,综合分析乳腺浸润性导管癌中Ki-67和miR-182的表达水平、相关性及其临床意义。70例乳腺浸润性导管癌组织标本中,Ki-67阳性表达率明显高于相应的癌旁组织标本中Ki-67的阳性表达率(P0.05)。乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中miR-182的表达水平明显高于癌旁组织中miR-182的表达水平(P0.05)。Ki-67与miR-182的表达呈明显正相关(r=0.435,P0.05)。乳腺浸润性导管癌中Ki-67和miR-182表达水平明显高于癌旁组织,Ki-67和miR-182的表达呈明显的正相关,可作为乳腺浸润性导管癌分子治疗的新靶点。     

C erbB 2, ER及PR表达在乳腺导管内癌与浸润性导管癌的对照研究

目的：探讨乳腺导管内癌与浸润性导管癌组织中C erbB 2, ER, PR表达的差异。方法：应用免疫组化法检测34例乳腺导管内癌及40例浸润性导管癌中C erbB 2, ER, PR表达。结果：乳腺导管内癌中C erbB 2, ER, PR阳性表达率分别为44.1%, 58.8%, 55.9%, 而在浸润性导管癌中分别为52.5%, 55%和62.5%。上述3种标记物的表达在两类型癌间均无统计学差异。结论：C erbB 2, ER, PR在乳腺导管内癌与浸润性导管癌中的表达相似, 它们可望作为乳腺癌预后和疗效的指标。     

乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中ERα-36表达及临床意义

目的:探讨ERα-36在乳腺浸润性导管癌的表达及相关因素。方法:应用免疫组织化学法检测70例乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中ERα-36的表达,比较ERα-36在4种分子亚型中的表达,及其与年龄、肿瘤大小、临床分期、组织学分级、淋巴结转移、ERα-66、PR、Her-2、Ki-67的关系。结果:ERα-36在浸润性导管癌组织的阳性率为52.9%,在luminal A型、luminal B型、Her-2过表达型、三阴性乳腺癌中的阳性率分别为40.9%、30.1%、66.7%、84.6%;ERα-36在三阴性及非三阴性乳腺癌的阳性率分别为84.6%和45.6%,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。ERα-36表达与ERα-66、Ki-67及淋巴结转移有关(P0.05)。结论:ERα-36在三阴性乳腺癌中高表达,提示其可作为三阴性乳腺癌治疗的潜在靶点。     

动态增强MRI定量参数与乳腺癌生物因子的相关性

目的探讨动态增强MRI(DCE-MRI)参数[容量转移(K_(trans))、速率常数(K_(ep))]与乳腺癌雌激素受(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、人类表皮生长因子受体2(HER-2)、细胞核相关抗阳(Ki-67)的相关性。方法回顾性分析100例经病理证实的乳腺癌患者血流动力学参数及免疫组织化学染色结果,比较不同ER、PR、HER-2、Ki-67表达强度间定量参数K_(trans)、K_(ep)值的差异及其相关性。结果乳腺癌患者不同ER表达强度间K_(trans)、K_(ep)值差异无统计学意义(P0.05);且K_(trans)、K_(ep)值与ER表达强度无明显相关性(P均0.05)。乳腺癌不同PR、HER-2、Ki-67表达强度间K_(trans)、K_(ep)差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),且K_(trans)、K_(ep)值与PR、Ki-67表达水平呈正相关(P0.05)。结论 K_(trans)、K_(ep)与PR、Ki-67表达水平相关,可为诊断乳腺癌提供有价值的组织学信息。     

Distribution, elimination, and action of d-tubocurarine in neonates, infants, children, and adults

The relation of plasma concentration of d-tubocurarine (dTc) to neuromuscular blockade, and the distribution and urinary excretion of dTc was determined in neonates (n = 4), infants (n = 6), children (n = 8), and adults (n = 8). The plasma concentration-time course curves to 24 hr are best described for all groups by three-compartment models. Both neonates and infants exhibit decreased plasma clearance (CLP), 1.1 +/- 0.08 and 1.0 +/- 0.06 ml X kg-1 X min-1, and in addition a prolonged t1/2 terminal phase, 311 +/- 44 and 306 +/- 35 (mean +/- SEM, min). The neonates' 24-hr urinary excretion, 27 +/- 2 (mean +/- SEM, % total dose) is significantly less than the adult value, 45 +/- 4% total dose. There was no significant difference seen in the log plasma concentration-evoked compound electromyogram (ECEMG) response between 20-80% paralysis for adults, children, infants, and five of the seven neonates studied. Two of the neonates had a significant shift of their log concentration-response curve to the right. There was also no significant difference between any of the groups in the time for 50% return of ECEMG stimulus height or the time required for recovery of the ECEMG from 25 to 75% of control value. for recovery of the ECEMG from 25 to 75% of control value.     

Orthopaedics, ethics, and industry. Appropriateness of gifts, grants, and awards

At the Academic Orthopaedic Society meeting in San Francisco on November 8 and 9, 1996, the membership addressed the issue of ethics and industry in an academic setting. Using a Delphi panel technique, they arrived at a definition of conflict of interest, and 41 separate points of acceptable and unacceptable behavior related to gifts, research awards, and funding of various activities. The Academic Orthopaedic Society Delphi Committee also mailed 191 questionnaires (157 department chairpersons and 34 program directors) to 157 training programs. The respective department chairpersons and program directors were asked to copy and distribute the questionnaires to staff (faculty) and house officers (residents and fellows) to complete anonymously and return them for collation. Ninety-one programs (58%) responded. Three hundred and fifty-two questionnaires were returned (237 from staff, 115 from house officers), each of which expressed agreement or lack of agreement with the Delphi panel report using a Likert scale technique. With only modest (and usually predictable) disagreement on certain items, the final statements by the Delphi panel were supported strongly by the survive results. The Academic Orthopaedic Society believes that the major points arrived at by the panelists should serve as the basis for ethical guidelines in the relation between academic orthopaedic institutions and industry.     

Methotrexate, Azathioprine, Cyclosporine, and Risk of Fracture

We studied the fracture risk associated with use of methotrexate, azathioprine, and cyclosporine. The study was designed as a case-control study. All patients with a fracture (n = 124,655) in the year 2000 in Denmark served as cases. Information on fractures and confounders was retrieved from the National Hospital Discharge Register and a number of other national registers. For each case, three age- and gender-matched controls were randomly drawn from the general population (n = 373,962). Exposure was use of the drugs and a number of covariates including other immunosuppressive drugs, corticosteroids, any cancer, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, liver and kidney disease, prior fracture, and alcoholism. Azathioprine was associated with an increase in overall fracture risk, but besides this, none of the drugs was significantly associated with overall fracture risk or risk of hip, spine, or forearm fracture. Liver [odds ratio (OR) = 1.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.42–1.69] and kidney (OR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.16–1.37) diseases were significantly associated with increased risk of fractures. Azathioprine was associated with an increase in overall fracture risk but not in the risk of spine, hip, or forearm fractures. Methotrexate and cyclosporine were not associated with fracture risk. It thus seems that the underlying disease for which the treatment is administered may be responsible for much of the increase in fracture risk rather than the drugs used to treat the disorder in question.     

Transcapillary exchange and retention of fluoride,strontium, EDTA,sucrose, and antipyrine in bone

Summary The extractions of⁸⁵Sr²⁺,¹⁸F⁻, sucrose-¹⁴C, EDTA-⁵¹Cr, and antipyrine-¹⁴C in bone were determined by the multiple indicator-dilution method. Fluoride and strontium extractions were 18 to 70% during a single transcapillary passage, and those of EDTA and sucrose were from 11 to 59%, whereas extraction of antipyrine was 87%. Injections of⁸⁵Sr²⁺ and¹⁸F⁻ made when perfusion was done alternately with blood and plasma resulted in similar fractional extractions. When flow and extraction were measured simultaneously, extraction was related inversely to flow.     

Oncologic,Functional, and Cost Analysis of Open,Laparoscopic, and Robotic Radical Prostatectomy

ContextAlthough open radical retropubic prostatectomy (ORRP) remains the gold standard, the past years have seen a rise in both laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP), and many patients seem to prefer the so-called minimally invasive procedures despite insufficient data demonstrating superiority over the established standard (ORRP).ObjectiveThis article seeks to review the most recent data on a variety of aspects of the different techniques for performing prostatectomies, such as cost, oncologic outcomes, continence, quality of life, and marketing and propaganda as well as the learning curve for each.Evidence acquisitionA search of the most recent literature was performed using PubMed, and data from lectures and presentations given at international conferences were used.Evidence synthesisThe review showed that, overall, LRP and RARP outcomes have not proved superior to ORRP outcomes or resulted in anticipated benefits to patients. In addition, current data seem to suggest that results of any of the procedures depend more on the surgeon's ability than on the approach, with rates of blood loss, positive surgical margins, incontinence, and erectile dysfunction varying widely from surgeon to surgeon with all three techniques. The aggressive marketing associated with RARP has also led to significantly higher rates of dissatisfaction and regret in patients.ConclusionsConsidering the evidence, ORRP remains the gold standard in radical prostatectomies. Moreover, although the differences among major outcomes are minor and associated with shorter lengths of stay, the costs associated with LRP and RARP are significantly higher than with ORRP. In the absence of solid scientific evidence, patient education, and counselling are crucial parts of the decision-making process, during which patients will opt for one treatment over another.     

The Invention and Development of Enflurane, Isoflurane, Sevoflurane, and Desflurane

Thirty-six halogenated Me Et ethers have been synthesized for evaluation as volatile anesthetics. Eleven of the ethers were too unstable to test, and, of the remaining 25, 13 had promising anesthetic properties in mice and are suitable for study in larger animals. Those ethers having one H with at least 2 halogens other than F or 2 or more H with at least one Br or Cl were the best anesthetics.     

Effects of genes, sex, age, and activity on BMC, bone size, and areal and volumetric BMD.

Quantitative genetic analyses of bone data for 710 inter-related individuals 8-85 yr of age found high heritability estimates for BMC, bone area, and areal and volumetric BMD that varied across bone sites. Activity levels, especially time in moderate plus vigorous activity, had notable effects on bone. In some cases, these effects were age and sex specific. INTRODUCTION: Genetic and environmental factors play a complex role in determining BMC, bone size, and BMD. This study assessed the heritability of bone measures; characterized the effects of age, sex, and physical activity on bone; and tested for age- and sex-specific bone effects of activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Measures of bone size and areal and volumetric density (aBMD and vBMD, respectively) were obtained by DXA and pQCT on 710 related individuals (466 women) 8-85 yr of age. Measures of activity included percent time in moderate + vigorous activity (%ModVig), stair flights climbed per day, and miles walked per day. Quantitative genetic analyses were conducted to model the effects of activity and covariates on bone outcomes. RESULTS: Accounting for effects of age, sex, and activity levels, genes explained 40-62% of the residual variation in BMC and BMD and 27-75% in bone size (all p<0.001). Decline in femoral neck (FN), hip, and spine aBMD with advancing age was greater among women than men (age-by-sex interaction; all p 相似文献   

Knowledge,Attitude, and Perception About Renal Transplantation of CKD Patients,Caregivers, and General Population

Introduction

In this study knowledge about kidney disease and the option of transplantation was assessed in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and their care givers.