奎屯市肢体残疾患者社区康复训练效果分析

目的掌握奎屯市肢体残疾人在社区康复训练的效果。方法采用改良Barthel指数(MBI)评价生活自理能力,简式Fugl-Meyer运动功能评分(FMA)评价运动功能。对185例肢体残疾患者参加社区康复训练前后的生活自理能力及运动功能情况进行调查分析。结果肢体残疾患者经过持续半年的社区康复训练后,运动功能和生活自理能力均有显著提高,社区康复训练效果优于家庭康复训练(P<0.05)。结论社区康复训练是非常适合奎屯市肢体残疾人康复的有效模式。     

CCD医用X线电视系统

本课题采用高灵敏度和高分辩率ＣＣＤ传感器作为Ｘ线电视系统的图像传感器，用串行锐头组合作为图像成像系统，配接Ａ／Ｄ转换及叠加降噪电路，组成一套实用的Ｘ线电视系统。     

医学影像存档和传输系统的发展现状及其面临的问题

医学影像的计算机存档和通讯系统 (ＰＡＣＳ)概念是 80年代欧美学者首先提出的。当时 ,新的医学成像技术不断出现 ,医学图像的种类和数量迅速增多 ,人工管理这些图像变得越来越不适应。而计算机技术、网络和通讯技术的发展为ＰＡＣＳ的研制提供了技术上的可能性[1] 。由于ＰＡＣＳ的技术发展趋于成熟 ,目前已成为我国各大医院关注的热点。一、系统组成及技术现状ＰＡＣＳ主要由图像输入装置、图像数据库、图像数据通讯网络和图像处理工作站等 4部分组成。①图像输入部分的作用是对图像进行采集。数字影像设备输出的是计算机产生的数字图像 ,…     

脑卒中肢体功能障碍的综合康复治疗效果

目的探讨脑卒中肢体功能障碍综合康复治疗的效果。方法选择2008年9月-2012年5月住院的脑卒中患者276例,均伴有不同程度的肢体功能障碍,根据脑卒中偏瘫早、中、后期的病理特点,采用神经肌肉促通技术为主的运动疗法,并配合针灸、按摩、物理疗法、中西药物治疗。采用Bather指数对日常生活活动能力(activities of daily living,ADL)进行评价。结果经治疗患者的肢体运动功能、ADL评分、肌力等均有明显的改善,尤以下肢功能恢复明显,总有效率97.83%。结论综合康复治疗可改善脑卒中肢体功能障碍患者的肢体功能、肌力,疗效显著,值得临床应用。     

运动疗法对脑卒中偏瘫患者肢体功能恢复的作用

脑卒中偏瘫患者的后遗症是会有肢体功能的障碍,这种障碍会严重的影响患者的日常生活,近年来人们一直致力于研究脑卒中偏瘫患者的肢体功能的恢复,通过运动疗法对脑卒中偏瘫患者肢体功能起到恢复的作用。本文的目的是探讨运动疗法对脑卒中偏瘫患者肢体功能恢复的作用。通过对近年来的脑卒中偏瘫患者进行运动治疗的临床治疗的数据进行分析,发现患者通过运动治疗肢体功能得到不同程度的恢复。     

多媒体技术在《临床CT》教学中应用研究

本文研究的是一个基于微机多媒体技术的《临床 Ｃ Ｔ》教学系统。本系统具有图像采集、存贮、显示、播放和计算机辅助教学等功能     

针灸配合运动再学习法对脑卒中患者运动功能恢复的影响

目的探讨针灸配合运动再学习法对脑卒中患者运动功能恢复的影响.方法对264例急性脑卒中患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组采用针灸和运动再学习法相结合的方法进行康复治疗,对照组任其自然恢复.采用临床神经功能缺损评分、Fugl-Meyer运动功能评分表(FMA)评分、MBI评价.结果临床神经功能缺损评分、FMA评分、MBI评价结果显示,治疗前两组评分无显著性差异(P＞0.05);治疗后,治疗组评分明显优于对照组(P＜0.01).结论针灸配合运动再学习法治疗明显促进肢体功能恢复、对患者预后有良好影响.     

AGFA M-I10多幅相机故障检修两例

故障现象一：拍出的多幅相片第１、２幅空白无图像，第３幅上迭加有多次曝光的图像，从第４幅至第１５幅图像均正常，见图１。分析检修：打开照相机侧面板检查发现当拍完最后一幅图像，镜头从第１５幅位置由Ｘ轴马达驱动移动至第３幅图像位置即停止不动，造成第１－３幅图像均在第３幅图像位置上曝光。由于该机的幅间运动是通过镜头的ＸＹ方向运动完成的，而ＸＹ方向的分格动作功能是由ＣＰＵ控制，动作程序在完成一张多幅照片后，自动运行到启始位置即第１幅图像位置，为拍下一张照片做好准备，而ＣＰＵ能否正常控制ＸＹ方向的运行完全取决…     

良肢位对急性脑卒中偏瘫早期并发症的影响

目的探讨良肢位对预防急性脑卒中偏瘫患者早期肢体并发症的作用。方法将124例急性脑卒中偏瘫患者随机分为两组,康复组采取心理护理,良肢位摆放和肢体被动运动,对照组采取脑卒中偏瘫常规护理和肢体被动运动。结果 4周后对两组患者进行Brunnstrom偏瘫功能试验分级评价、常见偏瘫肢体并发症发生率的观察,康复组明显优于对照组。结论良肢位摆放可明显改善偏瘫功能,减小并发症的发生。     

高血压脑出血微创穿刺引流术后早期康复治疗的临床研究

[目的]评价高血压脑出血微创穿刺引流术后早期康复治疗的临床疗效。[方法]600例高血压脑出血病人按2︰1比例分为治疗组与对照组,治疗组采用微创血肿清除术同时加早期康复治疗;对照组为传统骨瓣开颅术。比较两组治疗后的临床疗效、血肿清除率、手术后GCS评分及SSS评分,采用简式(Fugl-Meyer,FM)评价方法评定治疗前后肢体运动功能、巴氏指数(BI)评定生活自理能力、Rankin分级进行评定生活质量,并进行统计学分析。[结果]临床疗效治疗组总有效率为97.75%,病死率为1.25%;对照组总有效率为85.00%,病死率为12.50%。两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01);治疗组血肿清除病例及并发症发生病例与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01);两组术后7dGSS评分及术后14d、30dSSS评分、肢体运动功能评分、日常生活活动评分及生活质量评价等方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。[结论]微创穿刺术是一种治疗高血压性脑出血的安全有效的方法,结合早期康复治疗能提高高血压脑出血病人的临床疗效,降低病死率,早期行康复治疗能促进肢体运动功能、神经功能缺损程度恢复,提高病人生活自理能力及生活质量,值得临床推广和应用。     

三种小切口行胸腺切除治疗重症肌无力的对照分析

目的 比较三种小切口行胸腺切除治疗重症肌无力的手术效果,合理选择手术方式.方法 回顾性分析行胸腺切除术治疗109例重症肌无力患者的临床资料,根据手术切口方式的不同分为胸骨部分劈开组、横断胸骨组和胸腔镜组,比较三组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后胸腔引流量及时间、术后住院时间、术后肺部感染及切口感染、术后肌无力危象、术后慢性疼痛上肢运动障碍和疗效.结果 胸腔镜组术中出血量[(77.5±18.0)ml]、术后胸腔引流量[(100.8±11.8)ml]、术后胸腔引流时间[(2.3±0.5)d]、术后切口感染率(0)优于横断胸骨组[分别为(97.4±14.3)ml、(175.8±18.3)ml、(3.1±0.7)d、6.2%(2/32)]及胸骨部分劈开组[分别为(130.1±24.0)ml、(379.0±45.6)ml、(4.2±0.6)d、13.8%(9/65)](P＜0.05),同时横断胸骨组又优于胸骨部分劈开组(P＜0.05);胸腔镜组术后肺部感染、术后肌无力危象、术后慢性疼痛上肢运动障碍的发生率及术后住院时间均优于横断胸骨组及胸骨部分劈开组(P＜0.05).结论 三种小切口手术方式安全可行,疗效显著,胸腔镜切口手术有着显著的优越性,值得在各大中型医院广泛推广;而对于技术设备不发达的基层医院,横断胸骨切口为更好的选择.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the best operative approach in the treatment of myasthenia gravis (MG) by comparing surgical effects of median sternotomy, trans-sternal surgery and video-assisted thoracoscope surgery (VATS). Methods One hundred and nine patients who received thymectomy for MG were divided into median sternotomy group,trans-sternal group and VATS group according to the way of operative incision. The clinical features, such as operative time, operative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume and drainage time, postoperative hospitalization time, postoperative pulmonary infection, incisional infection, MG crisis, postoperative chronic pain and upper limb's movement disorder were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the effect of the surgery. Results The operative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume and drainage time,and incisional infection in VATS group [(77.5 ± 18.0) ml, ( 100.8 ± 11.8) ml,( 2.3 ± 0.5 ) d, 0 ] were superior to those in trans-sternal group[ (97.4 ± 14.3 ) ml, ( 175.8 ± 18.3 ) ml, ( 3.1 ±0.7 ) d, 6.2% ( 2/32 ) ] and median stemotomy group [ ( 130.1 ± 24.0) ml, ( 379.0 ± 45.6 ) ml, (4.2 ± 0.6) d,13.8% (9/65)] (P ＜0.05),and median sternotomy group was the worst. The incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection, MG crisis, upper limb's movement disorder and postoperative hospitalization time in VATS group were superior to those in trans-sternal group and median sternotomy group (P ＜0.05).Conclusions Three mini-incision surgical approaches are safe, feasible and effective. VATS is more advantageous and is worth popularizing in large and medium-sized hospitals. Trans-sternal surgery is the better choice for primary hospitals without advanced technology and equipments.     

图像的亚像素化技术研究

图像匹配在近几十年来一直是人们研究的热点和难点,它是在变换空间中寻找一种或多种变换,使来自不同时间、不同传感器或者不同视角的同一场景的两幅或多幅图像在空间上一致,目前已经应用于许多领域。尤其是多普勒图和医学图像则需要更精确的配准,对于图像处理的许多工作,如运动分析、视频压缩、图像增强和立体视觉同样需要高精度的匹配,即达到亚像素级。本文对图像的亚像素化问题进行研究。     

军队数字化医院突发公共卫生事件应对能力评价指标体系的构建

医院是应对突发公共卫生事件的关键机构,医院突发公共卫生事件应对能力评价是提高医院应对能力的重要措施.数字化医院是医院发展的必然趋势,但目前尚缺乏数字化医院突发公共卫生事件应对能力评价相关研究.文章拟在文献调研构建应对能力评价初步指标体系的基础上,通过层次分析法、专家咨询法、因子分析法构建军队数字化医院突发公共卫生事件应对能力评价指标体系及应对能力综合评价模型.本研究发现,军队数字化医院突发公共卫生事件应对能力评价指标体系包括A1应急制度、A2监测顸警、A3院内外医疗处置、A4应急储备、A5人员和设备安全及A6教育与改进6个一级指标和相应的20个二级指标和56个三级指标.评价指标体系6个维度间的克朗巴赫α系数为0.959,各维度外在信度均大于0.70.本研究首次成功构建军队数字化医院突发公共卫生事件应对能力评价指标体系,该指标体系具有较好的信度和效度,可用于后续军队数字化医院突发公共卫生事件应对能力评价研究.     

灵智呼吸机的工作原理与维护

呼吸机是目前各大医院的常规医疗装备,对于灵智呼吸机的工作原理、呼吸机结构可从气路和电路两个部分去了解。气路部分是由进气系统、吸气系统、呼气系统、安全系统、检测系统、氧气监测系统及雾化器系统（雾化器阀sol4）等组成;电路部分由电源模块、直流电源、电源板、传感器板、主板、图像处理板、LCD用户界面显示器、前面板、Web接口电路板等组成。为尽可能避免呼吸机在使用过程中发生故障,造成对患者的伤害,定期对呼吸机进行安全性能检测是保证设备正常运行的有效措施。在日常维护方面要求定期对呼吸机进行自检和定标,排除可能造成的安全隐患。     

Regional inequalities in health and health care in Finland and Norway

One of the main health policy goals in Finland and Norway is to decrease regional differences in health status and in accessibility of health services. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how this policy has been implemented, how its goals have been achieved, and what the obstacles are to it. It is of special interest to assess whether the centralized Finnish planning system has been more successful in the implementation of this policy, than the more decentralized system in Norway. Of these two countries, only Norway has applied any objective computing criteria for assessing the relative need of health care resources in each province or municipality. Neither of these two countries is using any relevant statistical indicators to describe the present situation, or time-related trends in regional inequities. According to available data the regional inequalities in health status and in the provision of health services have in both countries remained more or less unchanged over the last two decades. In future a more exact definition of the concept of equity, better methods for assessing the need for services, and an improved system of health statistics and indicators for monitoring progress in equity is needed. Also the potential of the health care policy in decreasing inequities in health should be questioned at a more fundamental level.     

Assessing behavioral toxicity with Caenorhabditis elegans

Behavior, even in simple metazoans, depends upon integrated processes at the subcellular, cellular, and organismal level, and thus is susceptible to disruption by a broad spectrum of chemicals. Locomotor behavior (movement) of the small free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has proven to be useful in assessing toxicity. Recently reported observations suggest that behavioral change (reduced movement) occurs after 4 h of exposure to heavy metals, and that with abbreviated exposure, the concentration-response relationship for Pb (a known neurotoxic metal) differs from that for Cu. In this study, movement was evaluated after 4-h exposures for nine compounds from three chemical classes: organic pesticides, organic solvents, and heavy metals. Concentration-dependent reduction of movement was observed for all test compounds with the exception of mebendazole, for which test concentrations were limited by solubility. Within each chemical class, movement was more sensitive to the neurotoxic compounds than to substances not believed to be neurotoxic, as evidenced by behavioral effective concentration to reduce average worm movement to 50% of the control movement values (e.g., levamisole and chlorpyrifos < mebendazole, ethanol and acetone < dimethylsulfoxide, and Pb and Al < Cu). These observations are discussed as they relate to the use of acute behavioral tests in assessing general chemical toxicity, and the enhanced value of 4-h testing for the detection of neural toxicants.     

Spline-based non-parametric regression for periodic functions and its application to directional tuning of neurons

The activity of neurons in the brain often varies systematically with some quantitative feature of a stimulus or action. A well-known example is the tendency of the firing rates of neurons in the primary motor cortex to vary with the direction of a subject's arm or wrist movement. When this movement is constrained to vary in only two dimensions, the direction of movement may be characterized by an angle, and the neuronal firing rate can be written as a function of this angle. The firing rate function has traditionally been fit with a cosine, but recent evidence suggests that departures from cosine tuning occur frequently. We report here a new non-parametric regression method for fitting periodic functions and demonstrate its application to the fitting of neuronal data. The method is an extension of Bayesian adaptive regression splines (BARS) and applies both to normal and non-normal data, including Poisson data, which commonly arise in neuronal applications. We compare the new method to a periodic version of smoothing splines and some parametric alternatives and find the new method to be especially valuable when the smoothness of the periodic function varies unevenly across its domain.     

Fundus imaging and the telemedical management of diabetes

Diabetes is the major preventable form of blindness among people of working age in the Western world, despite the improvements in laser photocoagulation treatments. It is known that regular glycaemic control and annual retinal screening of people with diabetes can reduce its incidence. Effective treatment needs to be available but also screening methods which are simple to perform and cost-effective should be implemented. It will be important in future to integrate digital images of the fundus into the health records of diabetic patients. Screening programmes for the detection of diabetic retinopathy aided by image-processing software for processing fundus images will save manpower and increase quality. Before this can happen, we need more clinical studies of store-and-forward techniques, so that they can be standardized and their effectiveness established against that of traditional analogue screening.     

早产儿的运动识别

早产是脑发育期的高危因素之一,且胎龄越小风险越高。早期识别其中具有发育障碍的早产儿是改善其预后的关键窗口。近年来,由于无创,操作简单等优点,全身运动评估成为了一个非常重要的工具,可用于高风险早产儿运动障碍的预测和随访。最初的全身运动评估是由经过专业培训的评估人员进行的一种视知觉的评估技术,没有可以客观进行描述的指标,而今借助计算机技术的发展推动了全身运动评估技术的进一步提升。现在的运动识别即通过计算机化的方法,借助设备捕捉和分析相关的肢体动作,专注于连续的、客观的、定量的评估。本文旨在介绍国外运动识别技术在早产儿评估中的研究和应用情况,以期这种客观的评估技术未来在国内得到更多的推广和认可,帮助更多的临床工作者把握早产儿干预的关键窗口。