胰十二指肠切除术胰肠、胰胃两种吻合方式的Meta分析

目的 比较胰十二指肠切除术后采用胰胃吻合术与采用胰空肠吻合术在围手术期死亡率、术后并发症发生率、术后胰瘘、胃排空延迟、出血、腹腔积液、二次手术等方面有无明显差异.方法 计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Medline、Embase等数据库,同时根据以上检索所得文献的参考文献进行扩大检索.使用Jadad法进行质量评价,采用Cochrane协作网提供的RevMan5.2.7统计软件进行Meta分析.结果 共纳入8项研究,共计1211例病人.结果显示,胰胃吻合组（PG）与胰空肠吻合组（PJ）相比,在围手术期并发症发生率、围手术期死亡率、胃排空延迟、出血以及二次手术方面并差异无统计学意义.而在术后胰瘘及腹腔积液方面,PG组优于PJ组,差异具有统计学意义.结论 胰胃吻合术的安全性不亚于胰空肠吻合术,并可在一定程度上降低术后胰瘘以及腹腔积液的发生率.但是尚需要更多相关的高质量临床研究,以进一步对PG及PJ两种术式进行比较.     

Pancreaticogastrostomy versus pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background

The best reconstruction method for the pancreatic remnant after pancreaticoduodenectomy remains debatable. We aimed to investigate the perioperative outcomes of 2 popular reconstruction methods: pancreaticogastrostomy and pancreaticojejunostomy.

Data Sources

Randomized controlled trials comparing pancreaticogastrostomy versus pancreaticojejunostomy were identified from literature databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library).The meta-analysis included 8 studies: 607 patients who underwent pancreaticogastrostomy and 604 who underwent pancreaticojejunostomy. Postoperative pancreatic fistula and intra-abdominal fluid collection rates were significantly lower after pancreaticogastrostomy compared with pancreaticojejunostomy. No statistically significant differences were found in the incidence of delayed gastric emptying, biliary fistula, hemorrhage, reoperation, wound infection, overall morbidity, mortality, and length of hospital stay.

Conclusions

Our meta-analysis suggests that pancreaticogastrostomy not only reduces the rate of postoperative pancreatic fistula but also decreases its severity. Pancreaticogastrostomy is associated with a lower rate of intra-abdominal fluid collection. Our results suggest that pancreaticogastrostomy should be the preferred reconstruction method.     

胰十二指肠切除术后胰胃吻合术的临床观察

目的总结胰十二指肠切除术后胰胃吻合术的临床应用经验。方法回顾性分析本院2007年5月至2010年12月间接受胰十二指肠切除术后胰胃吻合术16例患者的临床资料。全组患者接受将胰腺残端套入胃后壁方式吻合,采用术后检测引流液淀粉酶浓度方法诊断是否出现胰瘘。结果16例患者手术均顺利完成,平均手术时间（361．1±82．4）min,术中平均输血量（702．5±517．8）ml;术后住院时间平均（19．5±10．9）d;术后并发症3例（18．8％）,其中胰瘘并腹腔积液、腹腔出血1例,胰腺残端出血1例,切口感染1例。无住院期间因手术死亡病例。结论胰十二指肠切除术时,根据患者的具体情况合理地选择胰胃吻合是可行及安全的。     

胰胃吻合术的应用及其并发症的研究进展

目的总结胰胃吻合（PG）术在胰十二指肠切除术后的应用及其并发症。方法通过检索近年来国内外关于PG术理论、方法及其在临床应用的相关文献并做一综述。结果鉴于PG术理论及操作优势,其在术后消化道重建方式的选择上又逐渐被关注。PG术在近几年的文献报道也逐渐增多,但对于减少PG术后并发症优越性的探讨尚未统一。结论 PG是胰十二指肠切除术后消化道重建的重要术式之一,其PG术的选择尚需结合术者及患者因素综合考虑。     

胰十二指肠切除术后胰胃吻合术与胰肠吻合术的营养状况比较

目的比较胰十二指肠切除术后胰胃吻合术与胰肠吻合术患者的远期营养状况。方法回顾性分析2006年4月至2010年12月间在中山大学附属第一医院胃肠胰腺外科接受胰十二指肠切除术的37例患者的临床资料,其中胰胃吻合者19例,胰空肠吻合者18例。比较两组患者的体质量指数（BMI）以及白蛋白、前白蛋白和转铁蛋白等营养参数。结果胰胃吻合组和胰空肠吻合组的手术时间、术中失血量、术后胰瘘发生率、围手术期死亡率及术后住院时间的差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。术后1个月,胰胃吻合组和胰肠吻合组的BMI分别为（17．1±7．0）和（19．0±4．8）kg／m2。白蛋白分别为（30．1±0．5）和（32．1±1．3）g／L,转铁蛋白分别为（1．89±0．57）和（2．01±0．61）g／L,前白蛋白分别为（0．18±0．05）和（0．18±0．09）g／L。较术前均略有下降,但两组间差异并无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。术后6个月,两组的上述营养参数均恢复到术前或高于术前水平,但两组间差异仍无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。结论胰十二指肠切除术后胰胃吻合和胰空肠吻合对患者术后营养状况的影响无明显差别。     

胰肠吻合技术的研究进展

胰十二指肠切除术已成为治疗壶腹周围癌、胆总管下端癌以及胰头癌的首选手术方式,其中术后胰瘘是常见的严重并发症,选择适合的胰肠吻合方式,是减少术后胰瘘发生的关键。尽管对胰肠吻合技术进行了许多探索和改进,但胰瘘仍无法避免。笔者通过复习文献,对胰肠吻合技术的发展与改进方面做一综述。     

胰十二指肠切除胰腺空肠端侧吻合156例分析

目的:探讨胰十二指肠切除术中胰腺空肠端侧吻合技术。方法:回顾性分析山东大学齐鲁医院肝胆外科2004年3月—2012年6月156例胰十二指肠切除术行胰腺空肠端侧吻合患者的临床资料。根据胰腺的质地、厚度、胰管直径、胰管后壁胰腺组织的厚度、有无炎症,结合空肠的直径、空肠壁的厚度选择胰管-空肠黏膜-黏膜吻合、端侧套入式吻合等不同的吻合方式。结果:术中胰肠重新吻合8例。术后胰瘘3例、胆瘘2例、死亡2例。结论:胰十二指肠切除术中胰腺空肠吻合应根据患者的胰腺和空肠情况进行个体化选择。     

Pancreaticojejunostomy versus pancreaticogastrostomy: systematic review and meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE: Pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) and pancreaticogastrostomy (PG) are the commonly preferred methods of anastomosis after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). The ideal choice of anastomosis remains a matter of debate. DATA SOURCES: Articles published until end of March 2006 comparing PJ and PG after PD were searched. STUDY SELECTION: Two reviewers independently assessed quality and eligibility of the studies and extracted data for further analysis. Meta-analysis was performed with a random-effects model by using weighted odds ratios. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Sixteen articles were included; meta-analysis of 3 randomized controlled trials (RCT) revealed no significant difference between PJ and PG regarding overall postoperative complications, pancreatic fistula, intra-abdominal fluid collection, or mortality. On the contrary, analysis of 13 nonrandomized observational clinical studies (OCSs) showed significant results in favor of PG for the outcome parameters with a reduction of pancreatic fistula and mortality in favor of PG. CONCLUSIONS: All OCSs reported superiority of PG over PJ, most likely influenced by publication bias. In contrast, all RCTs failed to show advantage of a particular technique, suggesting that both PJ and PG provide equally good results. This meta-analysis yet again highlights the singular importance of performing well-designed RCTs and the role of evidence-based medicine in guiding modern surgical practice.     

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目的 对两种类型的捆绑式胰肠吻合术进行对比。方法 同期施行捆绑式胰吻合术Ⅰ型（同时施行空肠粘膜和胰腺缝合以及空肠断端与胰腺缝合等三项防漏步骤）35例（A组），与只行捆绑吻合的Ⅱ型手术49例（B组）进行对照观察。结果 两组都没有发生胰吻合口漏，没有手术死亡。术后随访，两组均无胰管扩张或胰腺外分泌功能不足的表现。完成吻合时间A组平均27min，B组平均16min。结论 捆绑式胰肠吻合术，相比之下Ⅱ型更加简单、省时，而且能够在吻合口完成后立即对它进行检测，可以避免捆绑过紧，从而无须插入胰管导管作为支撑。两种类型的捆绑式胰肠吻合术均可掌声用于胰十二指肠切除术，但是Ⅱ型应当成为首选方法。     

胰胃吻合术临床应用的研究进展

胰胃吻合术作为胰十二指肠切除术后胰腺残端与消化道重建的一种方法.对其研究主要涉及手术方法、术后胰瘘的发病率及残胰的内外分泌功能及对消化道的影响,并往往与胰肠吻合作对比研究.本文结合胰胃吻合术的应用历史就上述相关方面的研究进展作一综述.     

贯穿缝合式胰肠吻合术

目的 评价一种新的胰肠吻合方法的可行性和安全性.方法 总结该院普外科2005年5月至2010年11月间46例应用贯穿缝合式胰肠吻合术行胰肠吻合的临床经验和手术方法.结果 贯穿缝合式胰肠吻合术胰断端空肠仅需贯穿缝合6～8针.全组46例均无出现胰肠吻合口漏和吻合口出血.结论 应用贯穿缝合式胰肠吻合术行胰肠吻合操作安全、简单、吻合可靠,值得推荐.     

Pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy: the impact of a standardized technique of pancreaticojejunostomy

Background The leading cause for morbidity and mortality after pancreaticoduodenectomy is a pancreatic anastomotic leak and fistula. The two most commonly performed anastomoses after pancreaticoduodenectomy are pancreaticogastrostomy (PG) and pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ). The role of standardization on outcomes after pancreaticoduodenectomy has not been sufficiently addressed. Aim The goal is to study the impact of a standardized technique of pancreatic anastomosis (PJ) after pancreaticoduodenectomy in a tertiary referral cancer teaching hospital. Materials and methods A single-institution database was analyzed over 15 years. The entire data were subdivided into two periods, viz., period A (1992 to 2001), when PG (dunking) was predominantly used, and period B (2003–2007), when a standardized technique of PJ (duct to mucosa) was employed. Results There were 144 pancreaticoduodenectomies performed during period A with a pancreatic fistula rate of 16%. During period B, 123 pancreaticoduodenectomies were performed with a pancreatic fistula rate of 3.2% (p < 0.0005). Conclusions It appears that a standardized approach to the pancreatic anastomosis and a consistent practice of a single technique can help to reduce the incidence of complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy.     

胰十二指肠切除胰肠/胃常见吻合方式的选择

胰腺癌是一种较为常见的消化道恶性肿瘤,胰腺癌中胰头癌占60％～70％,其手术方式是胰十二指肠切除术,该手术创伤大,术后并发症多,死亡率高,而胰瘘是其中最为严重的并发症之一.胰腺重建是胰十二指肠切除术最关键的一步,其大致分为胰肠吻合和胰胃吻合,每种吻合又有若干吻合方式.术者需要根据具体情况选择合适的吻合方式.本文就胰腺常见重建方式进行综述.     

胰十二指肠切除术中胰肠吻合的现状及展望

胰十二指肠切除术（PD）是治疗胰头及壶腹周围恶性肿瘤的标准术式,术后胰瘘（POPF）是术后较严重的并发症之一。胰肠吻合（PJ）作为预防POPF的关键因素,技术复杂,操作难度大。因此,外科医生不断对其进行改良。目前,PJ方法众多,各有优劣。且随着科技的发展,各种新技术和材料被广泛应用,吻合方式层出不穷,但很多细节尚存争议。现就PJ的研究进展及要点进行综述。     

胰十二指肠切除术后不同胰肠吻合方式的效果与评价

目的比较胰十二指肠切除术后三种不同胰肠吻合方式的胰肠吻合口瘘发生率,探讨实施不同吻合方式的适用条件及其合理性。方法回顾性分析92例胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料。按吻合方式不同分为捆绑式胰肠吻合组(A组)、胰管对空肠粘膜端侧吻合组(B组)和套入式端侧吻合组(C组),观察其术后胰瘘的发生率。结果胰肠吻合口瘘的发生率为:A组1例(1/41,2.44%);B组无胰肠吻合口瘘发生;C组3例(3/19,15.79%)。A、B两组间胰肠吻合口瘘发生率无统计学差异(P>0.05);C组胰肠吻合口瘘发生率显著高于A、B两组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论胰管对空肠粘膜吻合法和捆绑式吻合法均为较安全的胰肠吻合方法。在条件许可下,胰管对粘膜吻合法应作为胰十二指肠切除术首选的胰肠吻合方法。     

贯穿式胰管空肠黏膜吻合在胰十二指肠切除术中的应用

目的：探讨贯穿式胰管空肠黏膜吻合在胰十二指肠切除术（PD）中的应用价值。 方法：回顾性分析2013年1月—2015年3月61例行PD患者资料,其中34例行贯穿式胰管空肠黏膜吻合（观察组）,27例行传统套入式胰肠吻合（传统组）,比较两组各项临床指标。 结果：两组患者一般资料具有可比性。与传统组比较,观察组术中胰肠吻合时间明显减少[（14.9± 1.6）min vs.（22.6±2.6）min,P<0.05]、术后胰瘘发生率明显降低（11.76% vs. 37.03%,P<0.05）;术后住院时间明显缩短[（16.5±4.9）d vs.（19.5±5.4）d,P<0.05];两组术中出血量、其他并发症发生率及术后1年生存率差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。 结论：贯穿式胰管空肠黏膜吻合能有效降低PD后胰瘘的发生,是一种较为简单、有效的胰肠吻合方式,推荐其临床应用。     

A standardized technique for safe pancreaticojejunostomy: Pair-Watch suturing technique

AIM: To prevent pancreatic leakage after pancreaticojejunostomy, we designed a new standardized technique that we term the “Pair-Watch suturing technique”.METHODS: Before anastomosis, we imagine the faces of a pair of watches on the jejunal hole and pancreatic duct. The first stitch was put between 9 o’clock of the pancreatic side and 3 o’clock of the jejunal side, and a total of 7 stitches were put on the posterior wall, followed by the 5 stitches on the anterior wall. Using this technique, twelve stitches can be sutured on the first layer anastomosis regardless of the caliber of the pancreatic duct. In all cases the amylase activity of the drain were measured. A postoperative pancreatic fistula was diagnosed using postoperative pancreatic fistula grading.RESULTS: From March 2007 to July 2008, 29 consecutive cases underwent pancreaticojejunostomy using this technique. Pathologic examination results showed pancreatic carcinoma (n = 14), intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm (n = 10), intraductal papillary-mucinous carcinoma (n = 1), carcinoma of ampulla of Vater (n=1), carcinoma of extrahepatic bile duct (n = 1), metastasis of renal cell carcinoma (n = 1), and duodenal carcinoma (n = 1). Pancreaticojejunal anastomoses using this technique were all watertight during the surgical procedure. The mean diameter of main pancreatic duct was 3.4 mm (range 2-7 mm). Three patients were recognized as having an amylase level greater than 3 times the serum amylase level, but all of them were diagnosed as grade A postoperative pancreatic fistula grading and required no treatment. None of the cases developed complications such as hemorrhage, abdominal abscess, and pulmonary infection. There was no postoperative mortality.CONCLUSION: Our technique is less complicated than other methods and very secure, providing reliable anastomosis for any size of pancreatic duct.     

"荷包背带裤式"胰肠吻合法预防术后胰瘘的研究

目的探讨"荷包背带裤式"胰肠吻合法对胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘发生率的影响。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2018年12月间,于大连大学附属中山医院行胰十二指肠切除术的70例患者的临床资料。根据选择胰肠吻合方式的不同分为观察组(45例)和对照组(25例)。观察组采用"荷包背带裤式"胰肠吻合法,对照组采用"胰管对空肠黏膜"胰肠吻合法。该70例手术均由同一团队完成。比较并分析两组患者手术用时及术后并发症发生率的差异。结果两组患者一般资料及术中观察情况的差异无统计学意义。对照组手术用时(4.28±1.10)h,观察组(3.62±0.76)h,两组间差异有统计学意义(t=2.942,P=0.004)。对照组术后胰瘘7例(28.0%),其中6例B级胰瘘,1例C级胰瘘;观察组术后胰瘘3例(6.7%),均为B级胰瘘。术后腹腔内出血对照组6例(24.0%),观察组7例(15.6%);术后腹腔内感染对照组8例(32.0%),观察组8例(17.8%);术后胃瘫对照组3例(12.0%),观察组4例(8.9%)。两组比较,术后胰瘘发生率差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.358,P=0.037),其余并发症发生率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论"荷包背带裤式"胰肠吻合法具有操作简单快捷、适用范围较广、吻合牢靠安全等优点,在缩短手术时间及降低术后胰瘘方面有一定优势。     

捆绑式胰肠吻合术预防胰瘘35例体会

目的探讨捆绑式胰肠吻合术预防胰十二指肠切除术后胰肠吻合口瘘(胰瘘)的临床价值。方法回顾性分析我院2003年10月～2006年12月行捆绑式胰肠吻合术预防胰瘘35例的临床资料。结果全组无一例发生胰瘘。结论捆绑式胰肠吻合术操作简便,安全可靠,值得临床推广。     

胰十二指肠切除术胰肠重建的基本要求和吻合方式选择

胰瘘是胰十二指肠切除术后最常见的并发症,围绕预防胰瘘的研究仍然是外科医生关注的一个焦点.胰十二指肠切除术后,胰肠吻合通道的重建方式、手术医生的临床经验和技巧与术后胰瘘的发生密切相关.在复习了大量临床报道之后,结合本人的经验,笔者对半个多世纪来各种吻合方式以及新近开展的吻合技术进行了评价,阐述了胰肠吻合通道重建的基本要求和共同原则;比较了常用胰肠吻合方式的优、缺点,提出了各种吻合方式的相对适应证,强调了提高胰肠吻合通道的手术技巧的重要性和相关注意点.