全弓置换和支架象鼻手术治疗A型主动脉夹层时左锁骨下动脉的处理分析

目的 总结选择性结扎左锁骨下动脉、仅重建无名动脉和左颈总动脉方法在A型主动脉夹层全弓置换和支架象鼻手术中应用的临床经验.方法 2008年1月至2010年6月,29例A型主动脉夹层患者在接受全弓置换和支架象鼻手术时,因左锁骨下动脉显露困难,术中将其直接结扎.本组男性21例,女性8例,年龄19～55岁,平均年龄(44±12)岁.其中急性夹层12例,亚急性夹层4例,慢性夹层13例.所有患者依据术前影像学和术中循环、压力指标判断患者大脑Willis环和双侧椎动脉的侧支循环情况,如侧支良好,则直接结扎左锁骨下动脉、仅重建无名动脉和左颈总动脉;如果侧支不足,则结扎后加行升主动脉-左腋动脉旁路术.结果 29例手术均顺利完成,1例术后死于肺部感染,其余恢复顺利.术后左上肢血压(78±17)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),明显低于右上肢的(126±24)mmHg(P＜0.01),但左侧指氧饱和度、皮温、肌力及感觉运动功能与右侧相比无明显差异.随访1～27个月,无左锁骨下动脉盗血综合征与左上肢肌萎缩发生.结论 在对A型主动脉夹层行全弓置换和支架象鼻手术时,如果动脉瘤体较大、左锁骨下动脉位置较深、显露困难时,可以在充分评估侧支循环的前提下直接予以结扎,可简化手术操作和手术难度,术后无明显不良后果.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the experiences of ligating left subclavian artery(LSA)in total arch replacement and stented elephant trunk implantation for Stanford type A aortic dissection patients with difficulty in exposing the LSA. MethodsTotal arch replacement and stented elephant trunk implantation were performed on 79 consecutive patients from January 2008 to June 2010. Twenty-nine cases of the cohort undertook LSA ligation due to bad exposure. There were 21 males and 8 females patients, aged from 19 to 55 years with a mean of(44 ± 12)years. There were 12 acute dissections, 4 sub-acute dissections and 13 chronic dissections. Based on thoroughly evaluation of the Willis' circle and bilateral vertebral arteries through pre-operative imaging and inrto-operative circulative parameters, if the collateral circulation was considered sufficient, LSA was ligated directly and only the innominate artery and carotid artery were reconstructed; if considered insufficient, an additional bypass from ascending aorta to left axillary artery was performed. Results All the 29 operations were completed successfully. There was one patient died from pulmonary infection and the others recovered well. Blood pressure of left arms were lower than right postoperatively[(78 ± 17)mmHg vs.(126 ± 24)mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0. 133 kPa, P ＜ 0. 01], but oxygen saturation, skin temperature and strength of the left hand were normal compared to the right. All the survived patients have been followed 1-27 months and none of them presented with any symptoms of left subclavian artery steal syndrome and ischemia of left arms. Conclusions Ligation of LSA under strict evaluation of collateral circulation could be safe in Type A dissection patients with bad exposure due to big ascending aortic aneurysm and will simplify the procedure significantly.     

The repair of a type Ia endoleak following thoracic endovascular aortic repair using a stented elephant trunk procedure

Background

Type Ia endoleaks are not uncommon complications that occur after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). Because aortic arch vessels prevent extension of the landing zone, it is very difficult to manipulate a type Ia endoleak using an extension cuff or stent-graft, especially when the aortic arch is involved. Here, we retrospectively review our experience of surgical treatment of type Ia endoleak after TEVAR using a stented elephant trunk procedure.

Bentall术联合全弓置换及支架象鼻手术治疗危重Debakey Ⅰ型主动脉夹层动脉瘤

目的 总结Bentall术同期全弓置换加支架象鼻手术治疗危重Debakey I型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的经验.方法 2005年1月至2007年12月共12例危重Debakey I型主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者接受手术治疗.男性10例,女性2例,平均年龄(40.1±9.5)岁.急性夹层10例,慢性2例.主动脉根部内径平均(5.3±1.8)cm.包括马方综合征4例,主动脉瓣关闭不全12例,持续剧烈胸痛9例,急性左心功能不全8例,心包填塞4例.患者在深低温停循环、低流量选择性脑灌注下行Bentall术+全弓替换+支架象鼻手术.结果 急诊手术9例,从发病到手术完成的时间(41.0±15.9)h.全组心肺转流时间(191±26)min,主动脉阻断时间(134±31)min,深低温停循环时间(50.0±14.5)min.术后死亡1例;出现神志异常6例,偏瘫、偏盲1例,截肢1例,出血二次开胸止血1例,消化道出血1例,胸腔积液2例.11例随访8周～36个月,人工血管通畅无扭曲,支架位置及形态正常,无二次手术病例,1例患者于术后6个月死亡.结论 在充分的器官保护和完善的心肺转流下,Bentall术+全弓置换+支架象鼻手术治疗危重Debakey I型主动脉夹层动脉瘤安全有效.     

主动脉全弓置换加象鼻支架术后并发高钠血症的护理

对14例主动脉全弓置换加象鼻支架术后并发高钠血症患者,补液避免输入含钠液体,监测胶体渗透压及血糖变化,纠正高血糖及高胶体渗透压,预防并发症的发生。结果 13例患者血钠恢复正常,1例并发急性肾功能不全于术后第12天死亡。提出针对主动脉弓置换加象鼻支架术后的特点严密观察血钠变化,采取针对性防护措施,防止并发症的发生是其护理要点。     

主动脉弓替换加支架"象鼻"手术治疗Stanford A型主动脉夹层

目的　总结采用升主动脉及全弓替换加支架“象鼻”手术治疗StanfordA型主动脉夹层的临床经验。方法　 2 0 0 3年 4月～ 2 0 0 4年 3月 ,对我院连续收治的 4 0例StanfordA型主动脉夹层患者行升主动脉及全弓替换加支架“象鼻”手术 ,其中男性 35例、女性 5例 ,平均年龄 5 3( 2 8～ 78)岁 ,急性主动脉夹层 2 3例、慢性夹层 17例。均在深低温停循环、低流量选择性脑灌注下手术。单纯行升主动脉及全弓替换加支架“象鼻”手术 2 5例 ;同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术 (CABG) 3例 ,主动脉根部替换手术 (Bentall术 ) 5例 ,主动脉瓣成形术 7例 (同时行主动脉窦重建 3例、行CABG 3例 )。急诊手术13例。结果　平均体外循环时间 ( 16 6± 38)min ,平均心肌阻断时间 ( 10 7± 2 8)min ,选择性脑灌注时间 ( 30± 15 )min。住院死亡 2例 ( 5 % ,2 / 4 0 ) ,1例术后 2周死于多脏器功能衰竭 ,另 1例术后 2个月死于多发脑梗死。术后截瘫 1例 ( 2 % ,1/ 4 0 ) ,病因不清 ;血管吻合口出血二次开胸止血 3例 ;乳糜胸3例 ,治疗后痊愈。 38例存活患者出院前行电子束CT检查 :升主动脉及弓部人工血管血流通畅 ,支架“象鼻”段降主动脉假腔完全消失 ,主动脉管壁结构恢复。在支架“象鼻”远端 ,降主动脉真腔较术前明显扩大 ,假腔缩小。随访     

An aberrant left subclavian artery aneurysm with right aortic arch: Report of a case

The case of a 41-year-old man who developed an aneurysm in his aberrant left subclavian artery is described. The patient had a right aortic arch. After a successful aortosubclavian artery bypass, symptoms due to brain ischemia disappeared. This is a very rare disease that is sometimes associated with an aortic anomaly, therefore the optimal therapeutic procedure need to be carefully selected, including the operative indications and approach.     

孙氏手术治疗急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层

目的 总结急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层采用孙氏手术(主动脉弓部替换加支架象鼻手术)的临床经验与随访结果.方法 2004年8月至2012年3月,73例急性A型夹层患者施行了孙氏手术,其中男60例、女13例,平均年龄49.6(26 ～79)岁.手术均采用深低温停循环、低流量选择性脑灌注技术.单纯行升主动脉替换加孙氏手术30例;主动脉根部替换(Bentall术)加孙氏手术10例,主动脉瓣及升主动脉替换加孙氏手术12例,主动脉瓣成形加孙氏手术21例(同时行主动脉窦重建16例),同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术( CABG)9例,术后通过CTA评价胸腹主动脉塑形及假腔愈合情况.结果 体外循环平均(248.1±69.8)min,选择性脑灌注(38.2±10.5)min.手术死亡5例(6.85％,5/73例).术后60例随访2个月～7.6年,术后3个月CTA复查显示,91.7％的患者主动脉夹层的假腔在膈肌水平形成血栓,患者术后1、5和7年的生存率分别是97％、87％和81％.结论 孙氏手术治疗急性A型主动脉夹层安全有效且远期效果令人满意.     

Oxygenation impairment after total arch replacement with a stented elephant trunk for type-A dissection

Objective

To study the risk factors of oxygenation impairment in patients with type-A acute aortic dissection who underwent total arch replacement with a stented elephant trunk.

Balloon protection of the left subclavian artery in debranching thoracic endovascular aortic repair

Objectives

Since 2012, we have routinely applied balloon protection of the proximal left subclavian artery to prevent embolic events through the left vertebral artery during debranching thoracic endovascular aortic repair. This study aimed to study the effectiveness of balloon protection of the proximal left subclavian artery.

深低温停循环下升主动脉全弓置换联合降主动脉远端支架“象鼻”植入术的护理配合

目的提供深低温停循环下升主动脉全弓置换联合降主动脉远端支架"象鼻"植术的护理配合程序和护理经验。方法选择我院2013年5月至2016年12月收治Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者38例,均成功实施深低温停循环下升主动脉全弓置换联合降主动脉远端支架象鼻手术,对其手术的护理配合进行总结分析。结果全组38例患者均手术成功,出院后随访2~27个月,患者生存良好。结论加强Stanford A型主动脉夹层的手术配合有利于减少手术风险。     

Surgical treatment for thoracic aortic aneurysm with aberrant right subclavian artery

We present two operative cases of thoracic aortic aneurysm combined with aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA). Case 1 was a 71-year-old man with a fusiform-type arch aneurysm. He underwent total aortic arch replacement to reconstruct all 4 arch branches. Case 2 was a 39-year-old man suffering from chronic DeBakey type IIIb dissection. He underwent total descending thoracic aortic replacement for the remaining ARSA. In both cases ARSA was diagnosed preoperatively by reconstructed three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT). Both patients followed uneventful postoperative courses with excellent results. 3D-CT is helpful for precise planning of surgical strategy in such cases.     

Surgical treatment for thoracic aortic aneurysm with aberrant right subclavian artery

We present two operative cases of thoracic aortic aneurysm combined with aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA). Case 1 was a 71-year-old man with a fusiform-type arch aneurysm. He underwent total aortic arch replacement to reconstruct all 4 arch branches. Case 2 was a 39-year-old man suffering from chronic DeBakey type IIIb dissection. He underwent total descending thoracic aortic replacement for the remaining ARSA. In both cases ARSA was diagnosed preoperatively by reconstructed three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT). Both patients followed uneventful postoperative courses with excellent results. 3D-CT is helpful for precise planning of surgical strategy in such cases.     

Tetralogy of Fallot,right aortic arch with isolated left subclavian artery: Rare synchronous triple occurrence!!!

We present a rare synchronous occurrence of tetralogy of Fallot, right aortic arch, and isolated left subclavian artery, highlighting potential clinical and therapeutic implications.     

Intrapulmonary invagination of right subclavian artery with a dual left anterior descending artery in a child with tetralogy of Fallot

We report a case of a 10-month-old cyanotic child with tetralogy of Fallot showing intrapulmonary invagination of right subclavian artery and presence of dual left anterior descending artery with the high take-off of the right coronary artery. This case highlights the role of computed tomography angiography in depicting vascular anatomy (arch vessels and coronary arteries) in patients with congenital heart diseases and in the planning of surgical management.