电视胸腔镜肺癌根治术5年临床疗效

目的　探讨电视胸腔镜辅助小切口肺癌根治术的 5年疗效。　方法　应用胸腔镜辅助小切口对肺癌患者行肺叶或全肺切除、肺癌根治术 2 2 0 0例 ,取其中 1995年完成的 130例作 5年生存率统计 ,术式包括单肺叶切除术 110例 ,双肺叶切除术 11例 ,全肺切除术 9例。所有数据作 Cox回归生存分析。　结果　术后住院时间 3～ 15天 ,平均住院时间 8天 ,恢复生活自理时间 7～ 13天 ; 期肺癌 5年生存率 87.8% , 期 5年生存率 42 .8% ; a期 5年生存率 2 7.3%。　结论　胸腔镜辅助小切口行肺叶或全肺切除、肺癌根治术具有创伤小 ,恢复快 ,出血、输血少 ,对心肺功能损伤小 ,开、关胸时间短的优点 ,5年生存率与传统开胸术差别无显著性意义。但这种切口要求胸外科医师有开胸和胸腔镜的全面技术     

胸腔镜辅助小切口手术诊治肺周围型结节

目的探讨胸腔镜辅助小切口手术在诊断和治疗肺周围型结节病变中的临床应用价值。方法胸腔镜辅助小切口手术诊治肺周围型结节55例，其中单发结节54例，多发结节1例。肺楔形切除术23例；肺叶切除联合淋巴结清扫治疗原发性肺癌32例，采用常规开胸手术器械及胸腔镜用器械切除肺叶，自制淋巴结摘除钳完成淋巴结清扫。结果55例均在胸腔镜下完成手术。手术时间35～180min，平均109min，术中出血量50～400ml，平均122min。均未输血，1例术后漏气术后32d出院，1例切口延迟愈合，术后19d出院，余53例术后住院4～11d，平均8．3d。无严重并发症。术后病理：良性病变15例，原发性肺癌38例，非典型性腺瘤样增生1例，转移性肺癌1例。良性病变行肺楔形切除术，32例原发性肺癌行解剖学肺叶切除联合淋巴结清扫，4例肺癌胸膜广泛播散未手术处理，2例肺癌因肺功能差行姑息性肺楔形切除。结论胸腔镜辅助小切口手术有助于明确诊断肺周围型结节病变，治疗临床早期原发性肺癌的长期疗效有待随访观察。     

胸腔镜手术在孤立性肺结节诊断和治疗中的应用

目的探讨胸腔镜手术在孤立性肺结节诊断和治疗中的价值。方法1994年5月～2009年11月,经胸片、胸部CT发现的周围型孤立性肺结节(直径≤3cm)115例,术前均无明确病理诊断,经胸腔镜手术局部切除,术中送快速冰冻病理检查,根据病理结果和病人情况决定手术方式。原发性肺癌行全胸腔镜或胸腔镜辅助小切口肺叶切除、淋巴结清扫40例;行肺楔形切除75例,其中良性肿瘤59例、转移癌11例、不适合肺叶切除的原发性肺癌5例。结果所有病人均明确病理诊断,确诊率100%。术中、术后并发症10例(8.7%,10/115):全胸腔镜肺叶切除术中肺动脉分支出血1例,转小切口开胸止血;胸引管拔除超过1周3例,呼吸功能不全3例,肺不张、胸腔积液、切口感染各1例,经对症治疗治愈。无严重手术并发症,无手术死亡。良性肿瘤59例随访2～176个月,平均44.5月,无复发。原发性肺癌行全胸腔镜肺叶切除、淋巴结清扫18例,随访3～24个月,平均11个月,1例24个月复发仍存活,其余无复发。结论胸腔镜手术在明确孤立性肺结节病理诊断方面有不可取代的重要作用。良性孤立性肺结节得到治愈,原发肺癌可以得到明确诊断,及时有效的治疗,微创效果显著。     

单一部位切口胸腔镜肺叶切除术的初步体会

目的探讨单一部位切口胸腔镜肺叶切除术的可行性及安全性。方法 2014年8~12月,全麻双腔气管插管下行单一部位切口胸腔镜肺叶切除术4例(肺癌2例,支气管扩张1例,慢性肺脓肿1例),于腋前线与腋中线间第5或第6肋间做切口长4~5 cm,置入10 mm 30°胸腔镜和器械,行右上肺切除1例,右中肺切除1例,左上肺切除1例,左下肺切除1例。结果无中转开胸或增加辅助切口。手术时间分别为210、175、145、205 min,平均183 min;出血量分别为100、200、50、300 ml,平均162 ml;术后住院时间分别为10、8、12、12 d,平均10.5 d。4例分别随访6、8、6、3个月,无复发和转移。结论单一部位切口胸腔镜肺叶切除术安全、可行。     

全胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除术12例报告

目的 探讨全胸腔镜肺段切除术的可行性、安全性及手术适应证.方法 2011年3月～2013年3月我院行胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除术12例,采用标准完全胸腔镜肺叶切除切口,按照解剖学依次用钉高2.5 mm 白色钉仓处理肺段动脉、肺段静脉,用钉高3.5 mm 蓝色钉仓处理支气管,同时进行系统淋巴结清扫.结果 12例均顺利完成胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除术,无中转开胸及辅助小切口.手术时间115～260 min,平均182 min;术中出血量100～300 ml,平均230 ml.胸腔引流时间2～6 d,平均3.5 d.术后住院3～11 d,平均7.5 d.无二次手术,无输血,无围手术期死亡.术后病理：腺癌6例,鳞癌2例,转移癌2例,炎性假瘤1例,结核球1例,其中原发非小细胞肺癌均为Ⅰa期.12例随访1～24个月,平均9个月,10例肺癌均无复发、转移.结论 全胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除术对于Ⅰa 期非小细胞肺癌及肺功能差或有其他合并症而不适合行肺叶切除者,是一种安全可行的选择.     

胸腔镜辅助小切口肺叶切除术治疗早期肺癌

目的探讨胸腔镜根治性肺癌切除的可行性. 方法 2000年1月～2003年6月我们应用胸腔镜辅助小切口对31例早期肺癌行肺叶切除淋巴结扩清术,其中右肺上叶8例,中叶4例,下叶5例,左肺上叶8例,下叶6例,29例根治性切除. 结果全组均行肺叶切除.手术时间2～4 h,平均2.5 h.术中出血量50～150 ml,均未输血.切除淋巴结5～12枚,平均8枚.术后胸腔闭式引流平均3 d(1.5～28 d),术后住院平均7.5 d(5～30 d).无手术死亡及并发症发生.29例随访2～40个月,1例术后6个月因心肌梗塞死亡,2例分别于术后6、15个月出现脑、肝、肺等远处转移. 结论胸腔镜辅助小切口对较早期肺癌行根治性手术治疗可行.     

全胸腔镜肺叶切除术中转开胸的临床研究

目的:探讨全胸腔镜肺叶切除术中转开胸的原因,以降低中转开胸发生率,准确把握中转开胸的手术指征。方法:2010年9月至2015年11月共完成胸腔镜肺叶切除术1 230例。手术均通过2~3个小切口完成,按照手术常规行解剖性肺叶切除及系统性淋巴清扫术。如镜下操作遇到血管损伤性出血、肺门淋巴结粘连或转移等腔镜下无法处理的情况,及时中转为开胸手术。根据术中是否中转开胸分为胸腔镜组与中转开胸组,对比两组患者的临床资料,分析引起中转开胸的相关原因及采取的相应措施。结果:患者手术顺利,无严重并发症发生及围手术期死亡病例。58例中转开胸,中转率4.7%,其中25例术中出血,23例淋巴结粘连或侵犯。56例开胸后顺利完成了肺叶切除,仅2例施行了全肺切除。两组手术时间、术中出血量、引流管放置时间、术后引流量、住院时间差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。肺动脉损伤出血、淋巴结干扰是导致中转开胸最常见的原因。结论:肺动脉损伤、淋巴结干扰是中转开胸的主要原因,应根据术中具体情况及时准确地把握中转开胸的手术指征。     

全胸腔镜下肺叶切除治疗早期非小细胞肺癌

目的 探讨全胸腔镜下肺叶切除在早期非小细胞肺癌治疗中的安全性、有效性及适应证.方法 2006年11月至2007年11月共施行全胸腔镜下肺叶切除治疗早期非小细胞肺癌44例,其中男2,4例,女20例;平均年龄61.5岁.手术全部通过3个胸腔镜切口完成,肺叶解剖性切除和系统性淋巴结清扫的操作顺序与常规开胸手术基本相同.结果 全部手术顺利,未发生严重并发症及围手术期死亡,中转开胸1例.平均手术202.6 min,平均出血216.8 ml,无输血病例.术后平均带胸管7.4 d.术后病理:腺癌30例,鳞癌10例,肺泡细胞癌3例,肉瘤样癌1例.随访平均7.7个月,1例Ⅲa期腺癌病人术后3个月发生转移,其余无复发.结论 全胸腔镜下肺叶切除在有效性、彻底性方面可以达到开胸手术相同的效果,对于早期非小细胞肺癌是一种安全、有效的手术方式.     

全胸腔镜肺叶切除治疗结核性支气管扩张症

目的探讨全胸腔镜肺叶切除治疗结核性支气管扩张症的可行性。方法我院2009年6月~2014年6月完成全胸腔镜下以肺叶切除为主的手术治疗结核性支气管扩张症65例。采取3个切口,观察孔取腋中线第7或8肋间,主操作孔位于腋前线第4或5肋间,应用切口保护器,不使用肋骨牵开器,辅助操作孔位于与观察孔同一肋间的肩胛下角线(即第7或8肋间)。在全胸腔镜下完成解剖性肺叶切除,用内镜切割缝合器处理血管和支气管,术中遇到特殊情况则中转开胸。结果 6例中转开胸,其中3例因胸膜致密粘连,2例因肺动脉分支出血,1例因淋巴结粘连致密;其余59例在全胸腔镜下完成解剖性肺叶切除术,包括右肺上叶14例,右肺上叶+下叶背段2例,右肺中叶5例,右肺下叶11例,左肺上叶15例,左肺下叶9例,左肺下叶+上叶舌段3例。手术时间(174.6±54.3)min;术中出血量(372.7±114.4)ml;术后引流液总量(843.5±568.7)ml;术后带管时间(7.4±3.7)d;术后住院时间(9.2±3.6)d。围手术期无死亡患者。术后并发症7例:漏气3例,引流液较多3例,切口延迟愈合1例。失访7例,其余58例随访1~36个月,平均22.3月,94.8%(55/58)患者症状消失或好转,无复发、死亡。结论全胸腔镜肺叶切除治疗结核性支气管扩张症安全、有效、可行,值得临床推广。     

单中心连续500例全胸腔镜肺叶切除治疗非小细胞肺癌

目的 总结单中心连续500例非小细胞肺癌接受全胸腔镜肺叶切除病例资料和中期随访结果,探讨全胸腔镜肺叶切除治疗非小细胞肺癌的安全性、有效性和彻底性.方法 2006年9月至2011年9月,500例接受全胸腔镜肺叶切除的非小细胞肺癌患者中男267例,女233例;平均年龄62.3岁.肿瘤最大径2.65 cm.初治病例496例,肿瘤放化疗后手术4例.肿瘤位于左肺上叶129例、下叶73例,右肺上叶163例、中叶47例、下叶89例(其中1例左肺下叶和右肺中叶同时性双原发癌).手术方式为全胸腔镜下解剖性肺叶切除+系统性淋巴结清扫(包括至少3组纵隔区域淋巴结),其中单纯肺叶切除480例,复合肺叶切除(肺叶+肺叶或肺叶+肺段切除)13例,解剖性肺段切除3例,全肺切除2例,全胸腔镜下支气管袖式切除1例,同期双侧肺叶切除1例.结果 全组手术顺利,围手术期死亡1例,为高龄肺癌患者术后多器官功能衰竭死亡.手术平均198.1 min,术中出血平均214.6 ml,无严重并发症.术后肺动脉残端渗血5例,4例经再次胸腔镜手术止血,1例经保守治疗好转.术中每例平均清扫淋巴结5.7组,16.9个.中转开胸45例,中转开胸率9.0％.术后带胸管7.8天,术后平均住院10.2天.轻微并发症87例,主要包括持续心律失常等心脏异常32例,漏气超过7天28例,肺部感染或肺不张9例,乳糜胸6例,其他并发症12例.术后病理示腺癌363例,鳞癌85例,腺鳞癌12例,肺泡细胞癌28例,大细胞癌6例,其他6例.术后病理分期示Ⅰ a期161例,Ⅰb期176例,Ⅱa期46例,Ⅱb期14例,Ⅲa期85例,Ⅲb期3例,Ⅳ期15例.全组1年无瘤生存率(DFS)为90.2％,1年总体生存率(OS)为94.3％;3年分别为76.4％和81.3％.结论 全胸腔镜肺叶切除治疗早期非小细胞肺癌是一种安全、有效的手术方式,其彻底性与开胸术相仿.     

Pulmonary resection using a total endoscopic robotic video-assisted approach

We have developed a robotic video-assisted thoracoscopic technique (RVATS) for lung resection that could encourage broader use of minimally invasive lobectomy. During December 2006 to September 2010, RVATS was performed in 200 consecutive patients (90 women, 110 men) with the da Vinci Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical, Inc, Sunnyvale, CA). Pulmonary resection was performed through ports without the need for a utility incision. Data on patients' perioperative results were collected retrospectively. Robotic video-assisted pulmonary resection was accomplished in 197 of 200 patients. A total of 154 patients underwent lobectomy; 4 patients required bilobectomy, and 35 patients underwent segmentectomy. Three patients underwent a sleeve lobectomy, and 3 patients had an en-bloc resection with lobectomy. One patient received a left pneumonectomy. Three patients required conversion to a thoracotomy. The median operative time was 90 minutes. The median length of hospital stay was 3 days. 60-day mortality and morbidity was 2% and 26%, respectively. RVATS lung resection is technically feasible, safe, and results indicate the procedure is associated with reduced length of stay, low morbidity, and mortality.     

Video-assisted thyroidectomy

BACKGROUND: In 1998, we developed a technique for video-assisted thyroidectomy (VAT). In this article we report on the entire series of patients who underwent VAT and discuss the results obtained. STUDY DESIGN: Forty-seven patients were selected for VAT. Eligibility criteria were: thyroid nodules of 35 mm or less in maximum diameter; estimated thyroid volume within normal range or slightly enlarged; small, low-risk papillary carcinomas; neither previous neck surgery nor irradiation; and no thyroiditis. After a learning period, VAT was proposed also for completion thyroidectomy (of previous video-assisted lobectomy) and nodules with maximum diameter up to 45 mm. The procedure is performed by a totally gasless video-assisted technique through a single 1.5- to 2.0-cm skin incision. Dissection is performed under endoscopic vision using a technique very similar to conventional operation. RESULTS: Fifty-three VATs were attempted on 47 patients. Thirty-three lobectomies, 10 total thyroidectomies, and 6 completion thyroidectomies were successfully performed. Six patients with papillary carcinoma underwent central neck lymph node removal by the same access. Mean operative time was 86.8 minutes for lobectomy, 116.0 minutes for total thyroidectomy, and 77.5 minutes for completion thyroidectomy. Conversion rate was 7.5%. Postoperative complications included one transient recurrent nerve palsy, three transient symptomatic postoperative hypocalcemias, and one wound infection. The cosmetic result was considered excellent by most of the patients who successfully underwent VAT. CONCLUSIONS: VAT is feasible and safe and allows for an excellent cosmetic result. Not all patients are eligible for this procedure, but in selected cases it can be a valid option for the surgical treatment of thyroid diseases.     

Initial experience of video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy with partial removal of the pulmonary artery

A lobectomy with a resection of the pulmonary artery is less invasive than a pneumonectomy. However, it seems to be extremely difficult to perform this technique using video-assisted thoracic surgery with technical limitations because this technique is associated with an increased operative risk even in an open thoracotomy. Between April 2002 and December 2006, a curative video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy including a mediastinal lymphadenectomy was performed in 121 patients with primary non-small cell lung cancer. Five of those patients underwent a thoracoscopic lobectomy with the partial removal and reconstruction of the pulmonary artery. The causes of the pulmonary artery resection included two direct invasions of the artery, two invasions of the arterial branch, and one calcified lymphadenopathy involving the branch. No patients required a blood transfusion. No complications attributable to the technique or mortality were seen. No patients showed an abnormal blood flow through the reconstructed vessel. There were no local recurrences on the pulmonary artery. A video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy including a partial resection and reconstruction of the pulmonary artery is a complex procedure for patients with non-small cell lung cancer. It is feasible when all associated technical issues are properly addressed.     

Video-assisted Thyroidectomy: Report on the Experience of a Single Center in More than Four Hundred Cases

Background We report on our series of patients selected for video-assisted thyroidectomy (VAT) over a 7-year period and discuss the results obtained. Methods Video-assisted thyroidectomy is a gasless procedure performed under endoscopic vision through a single 1.5–2.0-cm skin incision, using a technique very similar to conventional surgery. Eligibility criteria were these: thyroid nodules <35 mm; thyroid volume <30 ml; no previous conventional neck surgery. Small, low-risk, papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) were considered eligible. Results A total of 473 VATs were attempted on 459 patients. Locoregional anesthesia was used in 15 patients. Conversion was necessary in 6 (difficult dissection in 1 case, large nodule size in 3, gross lymph node metastases in 2). Thyroid lobectomy was successfully performed in 110 cases, total thyroidectomy in 343, and completion thyroidectomy in 14. In 66 patients with carcinoma, central neck nodes were removed through the same access. Concomitant parathyroidectomy was performed in 14 patients. Pathology showed benign disease in 277 cases, PTC in 175, and medullary microcarcinoma in 1. Postoperative complications included 8 transient recurrent nerve palsies, 64 transient hypocalcemias, 3 definitive hypocalcemias, 1 postoperative hematoma, and 2 wound infections. Postoperative pain was minimal and the cosmetic result excellent. In patients with PTC no evidence of recurrent or residual disease was shown. Conclusions Indications for VAT are still limited (20% of patients who require thyroidectomy). Nonetheless, in selected patients, it seems a valid option for thyroidectomy and it could be considered even preferable to conventional surgery because of its significant advantages, especially in terms of cosmetic result. This paper is based on work presented at the ISW2005–IAES free paper session, Durban, South Africa, 21–25 August 2005. No competing interest is declared for this paper.     

Axillary thoracotomy

The axillary thoracotomy should be the incision of choice for most uncomplicated general thoracic surgical procedures. It can be performed rapidly, avoids major muscle transection, and by employing a double lumen endotracheal tube will permit segmental resection as well as lobectomy without technical problem. One hundred consecutive, elective axillary thoracotomies were performed with minimal morbidity and only one mortality. Twenty-five of the patients were of high surgical risk. The larger posterolateral thoracotomy is reserved for repeat thoracotomy, Pancoast tumors, difficult procedures such as bronchoplasty and/or radical pneumonectomy, and when pleural symphysis is expected. Sometimes called lateral thoracotomy or mini-thoracotomy, the axillary thoracotomy is our most common incision.     

Video-assisted thoracic surgery for metachronous lung cancer

Of 1,391 patients who underwent operation for primary lung cancer between 2000 and 2009, 50 patients (3.6%) had a past history of pulmonary resection for lung cancer. Three patients underwent completion pneumonectomy by thoracotomy and in the other 47 patients video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) was performed. We considered 42 cases (3 of completion pneumonectomy and 39 of VATS) to be metachronous lung cancer and 8 cases of VATS to be recurrence by detailed histologic assessment. We examined 39 cases of metachronous lung cancer resected by VATS. The patients were aged 68 +/- 8 years and 4 patients were aged 80-years or more. The surgical procedures performed were lobectomy in 4 patients, segmentectomy in 3, and wedge resection in 40. The operation time was 121 +/- 66 minutes and the blood loss was 67 +/- 140 ml. There were no major complications. We registered 6 deaths during follow-up; 3 were due to disease progression and 3 were due to other causes. The survival rate of the 42 patients including 3 patients who underwent completion pneumonectomy was 74.9% at 5 years. Early detection of metachronous lung cancer and surgical resection offers a favorable prognosis.     

Chylothorax complicating pulmonary resection

Background. Chylothorax complicating pulmonary resection (CCPR) is infrequent and surgical treatment is for the most part avoided. The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical and therapeutic characteristics of this complication.

Methods. From March 1981 to June 2001, 26 cases of CCPR (24 men and 2 women; mean age 57 years) were treated in two departments of thoracic surgery. Twenty-five cases complicated lung resection for lung cancer (lobectomy n = 14, bilobectomy n = 3, pneumonectomy n = 8) and 1 case followed lobectomy for a benign lesion. Medical history, location, and characteristics of the chylothorax, lymphography, and clinical evolution after medical or surgical therapy were studied.

Results. Medical history was never predictive of CCPR. Chylothorax was right sided in 18 cases and left sided in 8 cases. The total amount of chyle ranged from 1.9 L to 27.9 L per patient with a mean of 7.9 L (pneumonectomy 12.3 L and lobectomy 6.3 L). In 15 patients (pneumonectomy n = 2 and lobectomy n = 13) mean quantity of daily chyle was 0.3 L. All these patients recovered with conservative therapy except for 2 patients who underwent drainage and talc slurry (n = 1) and video-assisted lysis of adhesions (n = 1). In the remaining 11 patients (pneumonectomy n = 6 and lobectomy n = 5) mean quantity of daily chyle was 1 L. The chylous leak was seen at lymphography (n = 4), during reoperation (n = 2), or at lymphography and reoperation (n = 3). The location was clearly identified at the level of thoracic duct tributaries in all cases. In 4 postlobectomy cases (4 of 7), surgery was not performed because of the therapeutic usefulness of lymphography. Reoperation was necessary in 6 cases (postpneumonectomy n = 5, postlobectomy n = 1) and consisted of duct ligation (n = 2), leak suture (n = 3), and fibrin glue (n = 1).

Conclusions. CCPR is rare and appears to respond well to medical treatment owing to the fact that the thoracic duct is generally patent as the leak is due to injury of its tributaries. When surgery is considered, lymphography may help to select cases in which conservative medical therapy should be continued. However, in a small number of cases, usually after pneumonectomy, surgery remains mandatory.     

Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy

BACKGROUND: In this paper we describe the results of our personal technique for minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy (MIVAT). METHODS: Sixty-seven patients were selected for MIVAT. Selection criteria were nodule size less than 30 mm, thyroid volume less than 20 mL, no thyroiditis, no previous neck surgery or irradiation. The procedure, totally gasless, is carried out through a 15-mm central incision above the sternal notch. Dissection is performed under endoscopic vision, using conventional and endoscopic instruments. RESULTS: We performed 51 lobectomies and 15 total thyroidectomies. Mean operative time was 73.6 minutes for lobectomy and 109.6 minutes for total thyroidectomy. Conversion to open procedure was required twice (3%). We observed 2 cases of transient postoperative hypocalcemia and 1 case of transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. The cosmetic result was considered excellent by most patients. CONCLUSIONS: MIVAT is safe and feasible. The indications are limited at present, but the results are encouraging, and we are optimistic about the future expansion of its applicability.     

全胸腔镜肺叶切除手术操作流程及技巧的优化:北京大学人民医院经验

目的 总结北京大学人民医院全胸腔镜肺叶切除手术的操作流程和技巧的优化改进经验.方法 2006年9月至2010年8月连续开展全胸腔镜肺叶切除手术408例,男214例,女194例,平均年龄58.6岁.实体肿瘤平均最大径30.1 mm.手术采用双腔气管插管全身麻醉,健侧单肺通气.胸腔镜观察口选择第7或8肋间腋后线,长1.5 cm;辅助操作切口选择在肩胛下角线第7或8肋间,长1.5 cm;主操作口选择在第4或第5肋间腋前线,长约4 cm,无需放置开胸器,不牵开肋骨.全部操作过程完全在胸腔镜下完成.术者位于病人前侧,双手分别握持吸引器和电凝钩,在主操作口内进行操作;助手位于病人背侧,使用卵圆钳经辅助操作口帮助牵拉显露.基本操作顺序与传统开胸肺叶切除相同.肺癌病人均清扫纵隔淋巴结:肿瘤位于右侧,清扫2、4、3A、3P、7、8、9、10组淋巴结;左侧清扫3、5、6、7、8、9、10组淋巴结,必要时清扫第4组淋巴结.结果 全组手术顺利,围手术期死亡1例,无严重并发症发生.平均手术时间195 min,平均术中出血249 ml.术后病理良性疾病86例,恶性疾病322例.全组中转开胸35例,中转开胸率8.6%.术后轻微并发症48例,并发症发生率11.8%.术后平均带胸管时间7.9天,术后平均住院天数10.9天.结论 全胸腔镜肺叶切除手术操作难度较高,开展此项手术应具备5个方面条件:(1)较清晰的胸腔镜设备,(2)良好的术野显露,(3)熟练的镜下血管解剖分离技巧,(4)能将血管和支气管置入缝合切开器内,(5)纵隔淋巴结清扫技术.掌握正确的操作流程及一些关键技巧,可以缩短学习曲线.     

Complete port-accessed lobectomy by the muscle-sparing method

We report the case of a 53-year-old woman who underwent complete port-accessed middle lobectomy by a new technique that preserves all muscles, including the extracostal and intercostal muscles. The operation was performed by using only thoracovideoscopy, and the resected lobe was withdrawn in a pouch through a subxiphoid incision through the substernal route. This complete port-accessed lobectomy is a new technique and is thought to be less invasive than video-assisted lobectomy with minithoracotomy.