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1.
Soo-Churl Cho Hyo-Won Kim Boong-Nyun Kim Jae-Won Kim Min-Sup Shin Dae-Yeon Cho Seockhoon Chung Sun-Woo Jung Hee Jeong Yoo In-Won Chung Un-Sun Chung Jung-Woo Son 《Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry》2010
Objective
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with a strong genetic component. Neurotrophin-3 (NTF3), which participates in the differentiation and survival of dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons, has been identified as a factor in the development of ADHD. We investigated the relationships between ADHD and NTF3 gene polymorphism.Methods
We conducted a case–control analysis of 202 ADHD subjects and 159 controls, performed a transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) on 151 trios, and compared the intelligence quotient (IQ) and a continuous performance test (CPT) according to the genotype of two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs6332 and rs6489630) in the NTF3 gene.Results
In the case–control and family-based analyses, NTF3 was not significantly associated with ADHD. However, in the ADHD probands, the subjects with AA genotype in the rs6332 SNP had significantly higher mean T-scores for commission errors on the CPT than did those with the AG genotypes (p = 0.045). The mean IQ of the ADHD probands who had the CC genotype of the rs6489630 SNP were higher compared with those who had the CT or TT genotype (p = 0.035). The mean T-score for response time on the CPT was higher in the subjects with TT genotype in the rs6489630 SNP compared to those with the CC or CT genotype, even after adjusting for the effect of IQ (p = 0.021).Conclusions
These results provide preliminary evidence of an association between NTF3 and the intelligence and selective attention deficit in the Korean population. 相似文献2.
Suhong Wang Yilin Yang Wei Xing Jie Chen Chunhong Liu Xuerong Luo 《Clinical neurophysiology》2013,124(11):2181-2190
Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the neural basis of sustained attention, executive processing, and cognitive control in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods
Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to compare brain activation of 28 medication-naïve children with ADHD aged 7–12 years and 31 healthy controls during a cued continuous performance task (AX-CPT) in three stimulus context conditions (Go, NoGo, Lure).Results
The children with ADHD showed increased activation in the left middle frontal gyrus, bilateral middle temporal gyrus, left precuneus and right cerebellum posterior lobe under the Lure condition compared to the controls. In the Lure condition, in contrast to the NoGo condition, an increased activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus, right medial frontal gyrus and right inferior parietal gyrus was observed in ADHD children.Conclusions
The results demonstrate that medication-naïve ADHD children show spatial and temporal abnormalities in neural activities involved in sustained attention and executive control.Significance
These findings show that there are distinct alternations in neural circuits related to sustained attention and executive control in children with ADHD, and further improve our understanding of the neural substrates of cognitive impairment in children with ADHD. 相似文献3.
Background
The quality of the therapeutic alliance is associated with engagement in- and thus important to the outcome of- treatment in schizophrenia. In non-psychotic disorders, general personality traits and individual patterns of interpersonal problems have been linked to the formation and quality of the therapeutic alliance. The role of these factors in relation to therapeutic alliance has not previously been explored in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.Aim
To investigate associations between personality traits, interpersonal problems and the quality of the therapeutic alliance in early schizophrenia spectrum disorders.Methods
Demographic and clinical characteristics including Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores were assessed in 42 patients. Personality traits and interpersonal problems were assessed with the NEO Five factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and the circumplex model of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP-64C). Therapeutic alliance was measured with the Working Alliance Inventory – short form (WAI-S).Results
Patient WAI-S scores were predicted by IIP-64C Submissive/Hostile interpersonal problems, age and PANSS excitative symptoms. Therapist WAI-S scores were predicted by NEO-FFI Agreeableness and the PANSS insight item.Conclusion
Core traits of personality and dimensions of interpersonal problems are associated with both patients' and therapists' perceptions of the quality of the working alliance. 相似文献4.
Mu-Hong Chen Tung-Ping Su Ying-Sheue Chen Ju-Wei Hsu Kai-Lin Huang Wen-Han Chang Tzeng-Ji Chen Tai-Long Pan Ya-Mei Bai 《Journal of psychosomatic research》2014
Objective
Previous studies have found a temporal concordance in the increased prevalence of atopic diathesis/atopic diseases, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) worldwide. But, the temporal association among these 3 distinct diseases is unknown.Method
14,812 atopic subjects diagnosed with any atopic disease (asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, or allergic conjunctivitis) before the age of 3 (atopic cohort) and 6944 non-atopic subjects with no lifetime atopic disease (non-atopic cohort), born between 1997 and 2000, were enrolled and followed to December 31, 2010 to identify the development of ADHD and ASD.Results
The presence of any atopic disease in early childhood increased the risk of developing ADHD (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.97) and ASD (HR: 3.40) in later life. Greater numbers of atopic comorbidities (4 comorbidities: ADHD: HR: 2.53; ASD: HR: 4.29) were significantly related to a greater risk of developing ADHD and ASD.Discussion
Atopic diathesis in early childhood elevated the risk of developing ADHD and ASD in later life, with the dose-dependent relationship of more atopic comorbidities with a greater likelihood of ADHD and ASD. 相似文献5.
Peik Gustafsson Nóra Kerekes Henrik Anckars?ter Paul Lichtenstein Christopher Gillberg Maria R?stam 《Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders》2014,6(1):11
Background
Children with early symptomatic psychiatric disorders such as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have been found to have high rates of motor and/or perception difficulties. However, there have been few large-scale studies reporting on the association between Conduct Disorder (CD) and motor/perception functions. The aim of the present study was to investigate how motor function and perception relate to measures of ADHD, ASD, and CD.Methods
Parents of 16,994 Swedish twins (ages nine and twelve years) were interviewed using the Autism-Tics, ADHD and other Comorbidities inventory (A-TAC), which has been validated as a screening instrument for early onset child psychiatric disorders and symptoms. Associations between categorical variables of scoring above previously validated cut-off values for diagnosing ADHD, ASD, and CD on the one hand and motor and/or perception problems on the other hand were analysed using cross-tabulations, and the Fisher exact test. Associations between the continuous scores for ADHD, ASD, CD, and the subdomains Concentration/Attention, Impulsiveness/Activity, Flexibility, Social Interaction and Language, and the categorical factors age and gender, on the one hand, and the dependent dichotomic variables Motor control and Perception problems, on the other hand, were analysed using binary logistic regression in general estimated equation models.Results
Male gender was associated with increased risk of Motor control and/or Perception problems. Children scoring above the cut-off for ADHD, ASD, and/or CD, but not those who were ‘CD positive’ but ‘ADHD/ASD negative’, had more Motor control and/or Perception problems, compared with children who were screen-negative for all three diagnoses. In the multivariable model, CD and Impulsiveness/Activity had no positive associations with Motor control and/or Perception problems.Conclusions
CD symptoms or problems with Impulsiveness/Activity were associated with Motor control or Perception problems only in the presence of ASD symptoms and/or symptoms of inattention. Our results indicate that children with CD but without ASD or inattention do not show a deviant development of motor and perceptual functions. Therefore, all children with CD should be examined concerning motor control and perception. If problems are present, a suspicion of ADHD and/or ASD should be raised. 相似文献6.
Maj Vinberg Erling Mellerup Per Kragh Andersen Bente Bennike Lars Vedel Kessing 《Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry》2010
Background
Variations in the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) and stressful life events are associated with affective disorders.Aim
To investigate whether the distribution of the alleles of the 5-HTTLPR is associated with a genetic predisposition to affective disorder and whether these variations interact with life events in relation to depressive symptoms, neuroticism and salivary cortisol.Method
In a high-risk population study, healthy monozygotic and dizygotic twins with (high-risk twins) and without (low-risk twins) a co-twin history of affective disorder were identified through nationwide registers.Results
When comparing the 81 individuals homozygote for the long allele with the 125 individuals hetero- and homozygote for the short allele no associations between the allele distribution and a genetic predisposition were found. The presence of the short allele of the 5-HTTLPR and the experience of SLE was associated with a higher neuroticism score, but not with depressive symptoms nor awakening or evening salivary cortisol.Conclusion
A combination of variants in 5-HTTLPR and environmental stress seems to increase neuroticism in healthy individuals. 相似文献7.
Wei-Hsien Chien Yu-Yu Wu Susan Shur-Fen Gau Yu-Shu Huang Wei-Tsen Soong Yen-Nan Chiu Chia-Hsiang Chen 《Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry》2010
Purpose
Autism is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder with a strong genetic component in its etiology. Several studies reported that the solute carrier family 25 member A12 (SLC25A12) gene was associated with autism. This study aimed to replicate this finding in a Han Chinese sample from Taiwan using a population-based case–control approach.Methods
We genotyped two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, rs2056202 and rs2292813) of the SLC25A12 gene that were previously reported to be associated with autism in 465 patients (402 males and 63 females) and 450 control subjects (227 males and 223 females) from Taiwan. Differences in the genotype, allele, and haplotype frequencies between the two groups were compared.Results
We found no differences in the allele, genotype, or haplotype frequencies of these two SNPs between patients and controls.Conclusions
Our data do not support that the SLC25A12 gene is associated with autism in our population. The discrepant results of other studies may come from the clinical heterogeneity of patients recruited for studies, or the genetic heterogeneity of autism in different populations. 相似文献8.
Bruno Palazzo Nazar Raphael Suwwan Camilla Moreira de Sousa Pinna Monica Duchesne Silvia Regina Freitas Joseph Sergeant Paulo Mattos 《Comprehensive psychiatry》2014
Objective
Previous studies have reported higher prevalence rates of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) both in eating disorders (ED) and in obese patients. We compared the psychiatric comorbidity profile of obese ADHD women with non-ADHD obese women and how ADHD symptoms impact in binge eating behaviors.Design
Cross-sectional study of a clinical sample.Subjects
171 adult women were evaluated at a specialized clinic in obesity and ED.Measurements
Participants complete a semi-structured interview and psychopathology rating scales. A hierarchical regression model was employed to predict binge eating behavior.Results
Obese ADHD patients had a larger number of psychiatric comorbidities (p < 0.001), especially Substance Abuse Disorders, and higher scores on psychopathology rating scales (p < 0.05). The highest prediction for binge eating in the regression model was the presence of depressive symptoms, followed by ADHD inattention symptoms and trait-impulsivity.Conclusion
ADHD should be routinely evaluated in obese since it is related with more severe psychopathology. Depressive symptoms can predict the presence of binge eating in obese patients. 相似文献9.
Caroline Mårland Paul Lichtenstein Alessio Degl’Innocenti Tomas Larson Maria Råstam Henrik Anckarsäter Christopher Gillberg Thomas Nilsson Sebastian Lundström 《BMC psychiatry》2017,17(1):403
Background
Reliable and easy to administer screening instruments focusing on neurodevelopmental disorders and associated conditions are scarce. The Autism–Tics, AD/HD and other Comorbidities inventory (A-TAC) has previously been validated and reporting good– excellent validity for several disorders. This article aims to expand these findings by including more conditions in a substantially larger sample augmented with the Swedish National Patient Register (NPR).Methods
Since 2004 parents of all 9-year-old Swedish twins have been invited to participate in a telephone interview in the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden, CATSS. The CATSS is linked to the NPR which includes data from in- and outpatient care. Data on neurodevelopmental disorders (A-TAC) collected in CATSS were compared with diagnoses from the NPR. We investigated diagnoses that had been made both before (previous validity) and after (predictive validity) the interview.Results
Sensitivity and specificity of A-TAC scores for predicting earlier or later clinical diagnoses were mostly good–excellent, with values of the area under the curve for a clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) of .98, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) .93, learning disorder (LD) .92, and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) .99, with small differences in terms of previous and predictive analyses. A-TAC provided little validity for eating disorders.Conclusion
The result support previous claims: A-TAC is a broad screening instrument with a particular strength in assessing ASD, ADHD, LD, and ODD at ages 9 and 12, and also provides phenotypic information about other child psychiatric disorders.10.
Aim
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of Internet addiction (IA) with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms while controlling the effect of personality traits, depression and anxiety symptoms in Turkish university students.Methods
A total of 271 university students participated in the present study. The students were assessed through the Internet Addiction Scale (IAS), the Wender Utah Rating Short Scale (WURS-25), the Turkish version of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised Abbreviated Form (EPQR-A), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI).Results
According to IAS, participants were separated into three groups, namely, moderate/high, mild and without IA groups. The rates of groups were 19.9% (n = 54), 38.7% (n = 105) and 41.3% (n = 112), respectively. Correlation analyses revealed that the severity of IAS is positively correlated with WURS-25, ASRS (total, inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity subscales), neuroticism personality trait, depression and anxiety scores, whereas it is negatively correlated with extraversion personality trait. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that depression and anxiety symptoms, introversion and neuroticism personality traits and the severity of ADHD symptoms (particularly hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms) are the predictors for IAS score, respectively.Conclusions
The severity of ADHD symptoms has predicted the severity of IA even after controlling the effect of personality traits, depression and anxiety symptoms among Turkish university students. University students with severe ADHD symptoms, particularly hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms may be considered as a risk group for IA. 相似文献11.
Thomas C. Harford Chiung M. Chen Tulshi D. Saha Sharon M. Smith W. June Ruan Bridget F. Grant 《Journal of psychiatric research》2013
Background
Although associations between personality disorders and psychiatric disorders are well established in general population studies, their association with liability dimensions for externalizing and internalizing disorders has not been fully assessed. The purpose of this study is to examine associations between personality disorders (PDs) and lifetime externalizing and internalizing Axis I disorders.Methods
Data were obtained from the total sample of 34,653 respondents from Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Drawing on the literature, a 3-factor exploratory structural equation model was selected to simultaneously assess the measurement relations among DSM-IV Axis I substance use and mood and anxiety disorders and the structural relations between the latent internalizing–externalizing dimensions and DSM-IV PDs, adjusting for gender, age, race/ethnicity, and marital status.Results
Antisocial, histrionic, and borderline PDs were strong predictors for the externalizing factor, while schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive PDs had significantly larger effects on the internalizing fear factor when compared to the internalizing misery factor. Paranoid, schizoid, narcissistic, and dependent PDs provided limited discrimination between and among the three factors. An overarching latent factor representing general personality dysfunction was significantly greater on the internalizing fear factor followed by the externalizing factor, and weakest for the internalizing misery factor.Conclusion
Personality disorders offer important opportunities for studies on the externalizing–internalizing spectrum of common psychiatric disorders. Future studies based on panic, anxiety, and depressive symptoms may elucidate PD associations with the internalizing spectrum of disorders. 相似文献12.
Mika Niemelä Ph.D. Lotta Kinnunen Reija Paananen Helinä Hakko Marko Merikukka Vesa Karttunen Mika GisslerSami Räsänen M.D. Ph.D. 《General hospital psychiatry》2014
Objective
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) of a parent causes significant changes in their family life and parent–children relationships. However, the number of children affected by parental TBI and the long-term consequences for these children remain unknown. We estimated the prevalence of children affected by parental TBI and investigated whether these children had greater use of psychiatric services than their peers.Methods
This a retrospective population-based register study. All 60,069 children born in Finland in 1987 were followed up through national health and social registers from 1987 to 2008.Results
During the 21-year follow-up, 1532 (2.6%) children had a parent with TBI. Overall, 22.5% of those having a parent with TBI were treated in specialized psychiatric care. Use of psychiatric care was significantly increased among those cohort members with a parent with mild [odds ratio (OR) 1.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.37–2.38] or severe (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.12–1.98) TBI compared to their peers.Conclusions
Parental TBI is associated with increased use of specialized psychiatric services by children. Adult health care services must have appropriate systems in place to address the psychosocial needs and support the welfare and development of children of patients with TBI. 相似文献13.
Lynnea Myers Britt-Marie Anderlid Ann Nordgren Charlotte Willfors Ralf Kuja-Halkola Kristiina Tammimies Sven Bölte 《Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health》2017,11(1):57
Background
Minor physical anomalies (MPAs) are subtle anatomical deviations in one’s appearance and may suggest altered embryogenesis. MPAs have been shown to be more common in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) compared with typical development. Still, further studies are needed on MPAs in NDDs, especially using twins to adjust for confounding familial factors.Methods
Clinical assessments were conducted on 116 twins (61 NDD, 55 controls) from 51 monozygotic and 7 dizygotic pairs to examine MPAs and their association with DSM-5 defined NDDs. Additionally, the relationship between the number of MPAs within twins by zygosity was investigated.Results
Within the cohort sample, a specific association was found between MPAs and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis (crude odds ratio = 1.29, p = .047; adjusted odds ratios = 1.26–1.33, adjusted p values = .032–.073) and autistic traits (crude β = 3.02, p = .002; adjusted β = 2.28, p = .019), but not NDDs in general or ADHD, nor within-pairs. Identified MPAs in ASD included overweight, hypermobility, pes planus, straight eyebrows, vision impairment, arachnodactyly/long toes, long eyelashes, and microtia. The number of MPAs within all monozygotic pairs was highly correlated (r = .88, p < .001).Conclusion
MPAs are more frequent in participants with ASD and may be influenced by genetics. The value of MPAs for (early) detection should be further explored, as they might index individuals at increased risk for ASD in particular.14.
Objective
To examine associations between DSM-IV psychiatric disorders and other- and self-directed violence in the general population.Methods
Data were obtained from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) Waves 1 & 2 (n = 34,653). Four violence categories were derived from a latent class analysis (LCA) of 5 other-directed and 4 self-directed violent behavior indicators. Multinomial logistic regression examined class associations for gender, race–ethnicity, age and DSM-IV substance use, mood, anxiety, and personality disorders.Results
Approximately 16% of adults reported some form of violent behavior distributed as follows: other-directed only, 4.6%; self-directed only, 9.3%; combined self- and other-directed, 2.0%; and no violence, 84.1%. The majority of the DSM-IV disorders included in this study were significantly and independently related to each form of violence. Generally, other-directed violence was more strongly associated with any substance use disorders (81%) and any personality disorders (42%), while self-directed violence was more strongly associated with mood (41%) and anxiety disorders (57%). Compared with these two forms of violence, the smaller group with combined self- and other-directed violence was more strongly associated with any substance use disorders (88%), mood disorders (63%), and personality disorders (76%).Conclusion
Findings from this study are consistent with recent conceptualizations of disorders as reflecting externalizing disorders and internalizing disorders. The identification of the small category with combined forms of violence further extends numerous clinical studies which established associations between self- and other-directed violent behaviors. The extent to which the combined violence category represents a meaningful and reliable category of violence requires further detailed studies. 相似文献15.
Purpose
The aims of this study were to identify predictors of remission from chronic depression in a prospective longitudinal general population survey; second, to determine the relative level functioning and well-being of those in remission.Methods
The sample included respondents who met the criteria for major depressive disorder from Wave 1 (2001–2002) and through Wave 2 (2004–2005) of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC).Results
Panic Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Cluster B personality disorders and a history of Physical Abuse were correlated with reduced likelihood of chronic depression remission. The functioning and well-being of the remitted group was below the norm.Conclusions
These prognostic factors are similar to those found in clinical samples. Despite remission from chronic depression, a significant proportion have impairments in functioning. 相似文献16.
Petra S. Barneveld Hanna Swaab Selene Fagel Herman van Engeland Leo M.J. de Sonneville 《Comprehensive psychiatry》2014
Background
Long term outcome in childhood autism spectrum disorders (ASD) was evaluated by studying quality of life (QoL) in young adulthood in comparison to the outcome of other child psychiatric disorders.Methods
In this follow-up study, objective and subjective QoL of 169 high-functioning (IQ > 70) adults with ASD (19 to 30 years) was contrasted with QoL data of age matched adults diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (N = 85), disruptive behaviour disorders (N = 83), and affective disorders (N = 85) during childhood. The mean follow-up period of the ASD patients was 13.9 years. Objective QoL included marital status, living arrangements, level of education, employment, and usage of mental health care. Subjective QoL included satisfaction concerning living arrangements, work or education, physical condition, partner relationship, social relationships, state of mind, and future perspective.Results
QoL was more compromised in adults diagnosed with ASD in childhood than in adults with other psychiatric disorders in childhood. A relatively large proportion of the adults with ASD were single, few lived with a partner or a family and many of them were institutionalized. Adults with ASD had lower educational levels, relatively few had paid employment and many were social security recipients, as compared to the other psychiatric patients. In case the adults with ASD used medication, 47% used anti-psychotics. Regarding the subjective QoL, the adults with ASD were less satisfied about their work or education, partner relationship, and future perspective than the other groups. Even when highly educated adults with ASD were compared to highly educated adults diagnosed with other childhood disorders, the QoL appeared to be more disadvantageous in adults with ASD.Conclusion
Many studies have shown that QoL is threatened in psychiatric patients, but findings of this study indicate that young high-functioning adults diagnosed with ASD in childhood are at relatively high risk for poor QoL compared to other childhood psychiatric disorders. 相似文献17.
Hsiang Huang Paulo R. Menezes Simone A. da Silva Karen Tabb Andres Barkil-Oteo Marcia Scazufca 《General hospital psychiatry》2014
Background
Although depressive disorders are associated with increased health care utilization in the elderly living in high-income countries, few studies have examined this relationship in Latin America.Method
The present study is part of the São Paulo Ageing and Health Study, a population-based epidemiological study of mental disorders in 2072 low-income adults ≥ 65 years old living in São Paulo, Brazil. Depressive disorders defined as major depressive disorder (MDD) and clinically relevant depressive symptoms (CRDS) were assessed with the Geriatric Mental State and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. We examined the association between depressive disorders/symptoms and health care utilization (outpatient visits, hospital admissions and medication use in the past 3 months) using count models.Results
The prevalence of MDD and CRDS was 4.9% and 21.4%, respectively. In the fully adjusted model, older adults with MDD were 36% more likely to have one more outpatient visit (RM: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.11–1.67), while older adults with CRDS were 14% more likely to have one more outpatient visit (RM: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02–1.28). Elderly individuals with MDD had a prevalence of hospital admissions in the previous 3 months that was twice that of those without depression (PR=2.02, 95% CI: 1.09–3.75). Significant differences were not found for medication use.Conclusion
Among low-income older adults living in Brazil, those with MDD are more likely to have a recent hospital admission and outpatient service use than those without depression. Future studies are needed to examine the effectiveness of depression treatments for this population in order to both decrease the burden of illness as well as to minimize health care utilization related to depression. 相似文献18.
Francesca Waddington Catharina Hartman Yvette de Bruijn Martijn Lappenschaar Anoek Oerlemans Jan Buitelaar Barbara Franke Nanda Rommelse 《Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders》2018,10(1):31
Background
Emotion recognition dysfunction has been reported in both autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This suggests that emotion recognition is a cross-disorder trait that may be utilised to understand the heterogeneous psychopathology of ASD and ADHD. We aimed to identify emotion recognition subtypes and to examine their relation with quantitative and diagnostic measures of ASD and ADHD to gain further insight into disorder comorbidity and heterogeneity.Methods
Factor mixture modelling was used on speed and accuracy measures of auditory and visual emotion recognition tasks. These were administered to children and adolescents with ASD (N?=?89), comorbid ASD?+?ADHD (N?=?64), their unaffected siblings (N?=?122), ADHD (N?=?111), their unaffected siblings (N?=?69), and controls (N?=?220). Identified classes were compared on diagnostic and quantitative symptom measures.Results
A four-class solution was revealed, with the following emotion recognition abilities: (1) average visual, impulsive auditory; (2) average-strong visual and auditory; (3) impulsive/imprecise visual, average auditory; (4) weak visual and auditory. The weakest performing class (4) contained the highest percentage of patients (66.07%) and the lowest percentage controls (10.09%), scoring the highest on ASD/ADHD measures. The best performing class (2) demonstrated the opposite: 48.98% patients, 15.26% controls with relatively low scores on ASD/ADHD measures.Conclusions
Subgroups of youths can be identified that differ both in quantitative and qualitative aspects of emotion recognition abilities. Weak emotion recognition abilities across sensory domains are linked to an increased risk for ASD as well as ADHD, although emotion recognition impairments alone are neither necessary nor sufficient parts of these disorders.19.
Yi-Hao Peng Wei-Chih Liao Wei- Sheng Chung Chih-Hsin Muo Chia-Chen Chu Chin-Jung Liu Chia-Hung Kao 《Thrombosis research》2014
Background
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease, and may cause severe morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have indicated that OSA patients exhibited elevated platelet activity, fibrinogen levels, and platelet aggregation.Objectives
We investigated the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients diagnosed with OSA compared with age- and sex-matched unaffected people.Patients/Methods
This longitudinal, nationwide, population-based cohort study was conducted using data from Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) recorded between January 2000 and December 2011. The study consisted of 3511 patients with OSA and 35110 matched comparison individuals. A Cox proportional hazard regression was used to compute the risk of DVT and PE in patients with OSA compared with those without OSA.Results
The DVT and PE risks were 3.50- and 3.97-fold higher (95% CI = 1.83–6.69 and 1.85–8.51) respectively, in the OSA cohort than in the reference cohort after we adjusted for age, sex, and comorbidities.Conclusion
This nationwide population-based cohort study indicates that patients with OSA exhibit a higher risk of subsequent DVT and PE. 相似文献20.
Ellen Schur Kathryn M. Godfrey Elizabeth Dansie Dedra Buchwald Sherry Pagoto Niloofar Afari 《General hospital psychiatry》2013