子宫内膜异位症对体外受精-胚胎移植的影响

目的　探讨子宫内膜异位症 (内异症 )对体外受精 -胚胎移植 (Invitrofertilization -embryotransfer,IVF -ET)的影响。方法　对 2 0 0 1年 1月～ 2 0 0 3年 1 0月 86例内异症合并不育患者超促排卵、体外受精和胚胎移植结局等进行回顾性分析 (共 94个周期 ) ;同期 2 0 0例输卵管因素不育患者作为对照组。结果　内异症组促性腺激素需要量显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 1 )。内异症组的获卵数、受精率、优质胚胎数显著低于对照组 (P<0 0 5 ) ;裂率比较 ,差异无显著性 ;内异症组的胚胎着床率 (1 4 2 1 % )、临床妊娠率 (2 9 5 5 % ) ,低于对照组(1 9 5 2 % ,38 2 6 % ) ,差异无统计学意义。结论　内异症影响卵巢对促超排卵的反应 ,影响卵母细胞的受精。内异症患者着床率和临床妊娠率显示降低的趋势     

Impact of endometriosis on implantation. Data from the Wilford Hall Medical Center IVF-ET Program

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of endometriosis on implantation. STUDY DESIGN: In a retrospective cohort study, 149 consecutive in vitro fertilization retrieved cycles were analyzed. Patients with endometriosis (n = 27, 31 cycles) were compared with a control group with tubal infertility (n = 104, 118 cycles). The main outcome measure was implantation rate (gestational sac per transferred embryo). RESULTS: The patients in the tubal infertility group were slightly younger and tended to have a better response to stimulation and increased number of oocytes retrieved than did the patients in the endometriosis group; however, there were no differences in fertilization rates, number of embryos transferred or clinical pregnancy rates per cycle between the endometriosis group and tubal infertility group. The overall clinical pregnancy rate per cycle was similar for women in the endometriosis and tubal infertility groups (54.8% and 55.1%, respectively). The implantation rate was not different in the endometriosis versus tubal infertility group (28% [28/100] and 29.8%, [108/363], respectively; P = .75, relative risk = .94, 95% confidence interval .66, 1.34). CONCLUSION: For women undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer with endometriosis, the implantation rate is not markedly different from that for women undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer with tubal infertility.     

In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF/ET): An established and successful therapy for endometriosis

The purpose of this report is to present a 6-year experience in the management of endometriosis with in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF/ET). We divided 136 patients who underwent 280 cycles into three groups: (1) previous history of endometriosis but normal pelvis at the time of oocyte retrieval, (2) stages I–II endometriosis (revised AFS classification), and (3) stages III–IV endometriosis. The stimulation protocols, estradiol (E₂) responses, and distribution of terminal E₂ patterns were similar in all groups. Group 3 had significantly fewer preovulatory and immature oocytes retrieved and fewer embryos transferred. The fertilization rate and the per cycle/per transfer pregnancy rates were similar in all groups. The miscarriage rate was higher in group 3, and the on-going pregnancy rate per cycle was lower, Luteal phase E₂ and progesterone levels were comparable in all groups. No differences were found when groups 2 and 3 were analyzed for the presence of one or two ovaries or the presencelabsence of ovarian endometriosis. The overall fertilization rate, the per cycle/per transfer pregnancy rates, and the miscarriage rate were similar to those of tubal factor patients. We underscore the excellent out-come of patients with minimal or mild endometriosis in IVF/ET. We conclude that patients with moderate or severe endometriosis have a compromised reproductive potential, probably because of a reduced oocyte recovery rate and poor embryo quality.     

The influence of infertility etiology on the outcome of IVF-ET and GIFT treatments

The present report examines retrospectively the success rates of both in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) and gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) in relation to the underlying infertility disorder. Reduced fertilization rates were seen when the male partner was oligospermic or had both IgA and IgG in his semen, or the female partner had elevated LH concentrations during the follicular phase. In IVF-ET, the chance of pregnancy was reduced in women with elevated LH concentrations or endometriosis. Pregnancy rates for patients treated in the GIFT program were significantly better (P less than .001) than for those treated by IVF-ET. Of special interest was the finding of an improved chance of pregnancy for patients with severe endometriosis treated by GIFT (P less than .001). With oligospermia, pregnancies were only achieved in the GIFT program when the insemination number was increased. The pregnancy outcome was similar in both programs, with approximately 70% of pregnancies delivering beyond 20 weeks' gestation. However, there was a high rate of ectopic pregnancy, particularly in cases with underlying tubal disease. These findings have led to revised guidelines for the accurate counseling of patients, and provide further insight into the possible mechanism of various disorders contributing to infertility.     

减少移植胚胎数量对冻融胚胎移植结局的影响

目的 探讨年龄<35岁妇女,减少冻融胚胎移植数量对移植结局的影响.方法 77例年龄<35岁患者共进行冻融胚胎移植90个周期,采用慢速冷冻快速复苏法对胚胎进行冷冻及解冻,移植胚胎数量分别为2个胚胎(48个周期)和3个胚胎(42个周期),比较其移植结局,包括临床妊娠率、胚胎植入率和多胎妊娠率等.结果 移植2个胚胎患者的胚胎复苏存活率、优质胚胎率、临床妊娠率、胚胎植入率和多胎妊娠率分别为88.9%、89.6%、37.5%、26.0%、38.9%,移植3个胚胎患者分别为88.1%、81.0%、42.9%、18.3%、16.7%;两者间分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).但移植2个胚胎者中无三胎妊娠发生,而移植3个胚胎者中发生2次三胎妊娠.结论 冻融胚胎移植周期中,如果胚胎质量良好,年龄<35岁妇女移植胚胎数量从3个减少至2个,并不会明显降低临床妊娠率,同时可减少三胎妊娠的发生.

Abstract：

Objective To study the impact on pregnant outcome of reducing the number of embryos transferred from three to two in women at age less than 35 who received frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET). Methods The analysis was performed on 90 FET cycles (77 infertile couples,less than 35 years old) with slow-freezing/rapid-thawing method, including 48 cycles with two embryos transferred and 42 cycles with three embryos transferred. The embryo survival rate, high quality embryo rate, clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate and multiple pregnancies rate were analyzed. Results No significant differences in embryo survival rate (88.9% versus 88.1%), high quality embryo rate (89.6% versus 81.0%), clinical pregnancy rate (37.5% versus 42.9%), implantation rate (26.0% versus 18.3%) and multiple pregnancy rate (38.9% versus 16.7%) were observed between two and three embryos transferred group (all P > 0.05). However, there were 2 triple pregnancies in three embryos transferred group while none in two embryos transferred group. Conclusion Reducing the number of high quality embryos transferred from three to two in women at age of less than 35 years old who received FET,could decrease the incidence of triple pregnancy and keep the similar clinical pregnancy rate.     

The relationship of tubal blockage, infertility of unknown cause, suspected male infertility, and endometriosis to success of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer

The success of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer has been examined with regard to five categories of infertility over a 2-year period. Fertilization rates in vitro were highest in women with bilateral tubal blockage and women treated for endometriosis. There was a significant reduction of approximately 13% in the fertilization rate of couples with idiopathic infertility and women who had failed to conceive after 12 cycles of artificial insemination by donor. A further substantial reduction in the fertilization rate occurred when the husband had low quality semen, particularly when no abnormality was detected in the wife. Repeated IVF in couples with idiopathic infertility eventually resulted in fertilization. It is recommended that donor spermatozoa not be used for cases of idiopathic infertility, but it may be needed in cases of poor semen quality. There were no differences in the pregnancy rates following embryo replacement in any of the groups studied, nor was there any detectable effect of age on fertilization or pregnancy rates up to the age of 44 years.     

The impact of long-term gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue treatment on preclinical abortions in patients with severe endometriosis undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between endometriosis and preclinical abortions and to evaluate the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRH-a) therapy on these pregnancies. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Of 67 women with severe endometriosis referred to us for in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET), 32 underwent ovarian stimulation for oocyte retrieval with menotropins (protocol A), whereas the other 35 were admitted for the procedure after a 6-month period of hormonal suppression with a GnRH agonist (protocol B). The clinical impact of the preclinical and clinical pregnancies in both treatment protocols were evaluated on the basis of oocyte classification and embryo quality score. SETTING: All patients were treated in our IVF Unit. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Clinical pregnancy was used as our main outcome measure of success. RESULTS: A significantly higher number of preclinical pregnancies (P less than 0.0001) occurred in patients treated by protocol A. After GnRH-a treatment, the preclinical pregnancy rate declined significantly (P less than 0.0001), whereas the clinical pregnancy rate per cycle and per transfer rose significantly (P less than 0.0001 and P less than 0.0001, respectively). Furthermore, clinical pregnancies had a significantly better mean embryo quality score in comparison with preclinical pregnancies (P less than 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that combining GnRH-a therapy before IVF-ET provides an improved treatment modality for preclinical abortions and infertility associated with severe endometriosis.     

子宫内膜异位症合并不孕患者IVF治疗采用不同促排卵方案的妊娠结局比较

目的:探讨子宫内膜异位症合并不孕患者体外受精(IVF)治疗采用不同促排卵方案的妊娠结局,探讨子宫内膜异位症患者助孕的促排卵方案。方法:选择2003年1月至2018年1月期间因子宫内膜异位症合并不孕行IVF治疗患者(297周期),根据促排卵方案不同分为长方案组(长效长方案、卵泡期长方案)、改良超长方案组、超长方案组和非降调方案组(拮抗剂方案),比较不同方案的临床、实验室指标及随访结局分析。结果:各组年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、基础促卵泡激素、不孕年限、原发不孕率、获卵数、不同方案在AFS分期中所占周期数差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各组MⅡ卵数差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),长方案组MⅡ卵数最多;但4组的2PN数、优胚数、冷冻胚胎数、移植胚胎数、种植率、妊娠率、流产率、活产率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各组Gn量、hCG日内膜厚度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),改良超长方案Gn量最多,非降调方案量最少,非降调方案hCG日子宫内膜最薄(P<0.05)。各组因卵巢低反应放弃周期率,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:子宫内膜异位症患者促排卵可以有很多方案选择,均可获得与超长方案相似的结局,非降调方案还能减少促排药物的用量。     

自然周期准备内膜在子宫内膜异位症患者冻融胚胎移植中的结局分析

目的:研究以自然周期作为子宫内膜准备方式对子宫内膜异位症(EMS)患者冻融胚胎移植(FET)妊娠结局的影响。方法:回顾性分析EMS患者353个FET周期,按EMS严重程度分组,A组:I~II期,120个周期;B组:III~IV期,233个周期;另将B组中囊肿复发的47个周期设为D组;而将输卵管因素不孕患者的300个FET周期纳入为对照组(C组),比较A、B、C组患者自然周期准备内膜的妊娠结局。结果:A、B、C组患者的种植率、活产率、继续妊娠率、流产率、妊娠期并发症率无统计学差异(P0.05),且妊娠结局与EMS的分期无关。A、B、C组均没有出生缺陷儿。当高质量的胚胎移植时,卵巢内膜异位囊肿并不影响妊娠结局。B组较C组低出生体质量儿和早产儿的发生率高。结论:EMS患者自然周期准备内膜与输卵管性因素不孕患者有相似的妊娠结局,且与EMS严重程度无关,妊娠结局不受内膜异位囊肿的影响,是经济、高效的内膜准备方法。     

Endometriosis and subfertility: is the relationship resolved?

There are many arguments to support the hypothesis that there is a causal relationship between the presence of endometriosis and subfertility. These arguments are reviewed in this article and include: (1) an increased prevalence of endometriosis in subfertile women compared with women of proven fertility; (2) a reduced monthly fecundity rate (MFR) in baboons with mild to severe (spontaneous or induced) endometriosis compared with those with minimal endometriosis or a normal pelvis; (3) a trend toward a reduced MFR in infertile women with minimal to mild endometriosis compared with women with unexplained infertility; (4) a dose-effect relationship: a negative correlation between the r-AFS stage of endometriosis and the monthly fecundity rate and crude pregnancy rate; (5) a reduced monthly fecundity rate and cumulative pregnancy rate after donor sperm insemination in women with minimal-mild endometriosis compared with those with a normal pelvis; (6) a reduced MFR after husband sperm insemination in women with minimal to mild endometriosis compared with those with a normal pelvis; (7) a reduced implantation rate per embryo after IVF in women with moderate to severe endometriosis compared with women with a normal pelvis; and (8) an increased monthly fecundity rate and cumulative pregnancy rate after surgical removal of minimal to mild endometriosis.     

Does gravidity influence the success of in vitro fertilization–embryo transfer cycles?

Objective.?To evaluate the influence of gravidity on the results of in vitro fertilization (IVF)–embryo transfer (ET) cycles.

Patients and methods.?All consecutive women aged <35 years admitted to our IVF unit from January 2002 to December 2004 were enrolled in the study. Only patients undergoing one of their first three IVF cycle attempts were included. Gravidity, ovarian stimulation characteristics, number of oocytes retrieved, number of embryo transferred and clinical pregnancy rate were assessed.

Results.?Three hundred and forty-two consecutive IVF cycles were evaluated. One hundred and sixty-one cycles were from nulligravidas and 181 from women with a history of at least one previous clinical pregnancy. Forty-eight (29.8%) clinical pregnancies were observed in the nulligravida group and 56 (30.9%) in the gravida group. There were no differences between nulligravidas and gravidas in causes of infertility, length of ovarian stimulation, peak estradiol and progesterone levels, number of oocytes retrieved, fertilization rate and number of embryos transferred. Gravidas were significantly older (30.4 vs. 27.6 years, p < 0.001) and used more gonadotropin ampoules (36.1 vs. 31.8, p < 0.004) compared with the nulligravidas.

Conclusions.?Patient gravidity has no influence on the likelihood of achieving pregnancy in IVF–ET cycles.     

冷冻前胚胎因素对冻融胚胎移植结局的影响

目的:探讨冻融胚胎移植周期中冷冻前胚胎因素对临床结局的影响。方法:回顾分析本生殖中心2009年1月～9月的589个冻融胚胎移植周期,根据冷冻前受精方式、胚胎培养时间、胚胎卵裂球数目、冷冻前≥6细胞胚胎个数分组。结果:589例冻融移植周期中共解冻胚胎2185枚,复苏率为69.5%,临床妊娠率26.5%。不同受精方式的临床妊娠率分别为23.4%,33.2%,差异有统计学意义;D2胚胎和D3胚胎冷冻后复苏率和临床妊娠率差异有统计学意义(71.4%vs69.1%和20.2%vs30.1%);冷冻前胚胎≥6细胞和6细胞,两组的临床妊娠率(31.8%,22.0%)和卵裂球完全存活复苏率(23.7%,45.4%)比较,差异均有统计学意义;冷冻前3个及以上≥6细胞的胚胎复苏率最高为56.0%、卵裂球完全存活复苏率最低为20.9%,与冷冻前少于3个胚胎组相比差异有统计学意义。若冷冻前仅余1个≥6细胞胚胎,冷冻后复苏率显著高于仅余1个6细胞胚胎,但卵裂球完全存活复苏率显著降低;和仅余2个胚胎相比,组间临床妊娠率无统计学差异。结论:冷冻前≥6细胞胚胎的妊娠结局优于6细胞的胚胎;若冷冻前仅余1个6细胞的胚胎,虽然冻融后复苏率较低,但仍有妊娠的可能,因此仍然建议冻存这部分胚胎,提高患者的累积妊娠率。     

子宫内膜异位症影响体外受精-胚胎移植结局的初步探讨

目的　探讨子宫内膜异位症的严重程度对体外受精 胚胎移植 (IVF ET)各个环节的影响。方法　对1999年 1月至 2 0 0 2年 4月在中山大学附属第一医院 10 7例已明确分期的子宫内膜异位症不育患者共 139周期IVF ET与同期输卵管因素不育患者 139例进行的 139周期IVF ET的控制性超排卵 (COH)治疗、受精率、卵裂率、每周期胚胎植入率和临床妊娠率、流产率等进行回顾性对照分析。结果　中、重度子宫内膜异位症不育患者与对照组相比进行IVF治疗时使用促性腺激素的总量增加而获卵数减少。重度患者雌二醇 (E2 )峰值下降 ,流产率增加 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 0 5 )。子宫内膜异位症不育患者IVF ET治疗时随着病情加重 ,卵巢对控制性超排卵的反应性下降 ,重度患者流产率增高。结论　子宫内膜异位症影响了卵子与胚胎的发育。     

Success of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in relation to the causes of infertility

In 1984 163 patients were treated in our in vitro fertilization program, including 4 patients accepting embryos from the oocyte and embryo donation program. Twenty pregnancies were achieved with an average chance per transfer of 16,6%. The final success of IVF strongly depends on the cause of infertility. The best results were obtained for patients with tubal infertility, with a pregnancy rate of 15% per laparoscopy and 19% per transfer. There is a significant decrease in oocyte cleavage rate from tubal (61%) to male infertility (13%). Once the barrier of embryo formation is taken, there is no marked difference in the mean number of embryos transferred on the pregnancy rate after transfer, among the different patient groups. In patients with tubal infertility the pregnancy rate per cycle remains constant, resulting in a cumulative pregnancy rate of 40% after 3 cycles.     

不同促排卵方案来源胚胎冻融胚胎移植妊娠结局分析北大核心CSCD

目的探讨不同促排卵方案来源胚胎冻融胚胎移植(FET)的妊娠结局。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2021年5月在南通大学附属医院生殖医学中心接受体外受精或卵泡浆内单精子注射-胚胎移植(IVF/ICSI-ET)治疗,因鲜胚移植失败或全胚冷冻而要求FET的252个周期,根据刺激周期方案的不同将其分为5组:高孕激素促排卵(PPOS)组(n=26)、枸橼酸氯米芬+人绝经期促性腺激素(CC+hMG)组(n=50)、超短方案组(n=57)、拮抗剂组(n=78)及长方案组(n=41),分析各组的临床结局。结果 252个FET周期中,各组体重指数(BMI)、不孕年限、不孕类型、刺激周期时扳机日E2水平/扳机日直径≥14mm卵泡数、移植周期时转化日内膜厚度、转化日E2水平、移植D3胚胎或囊胚比例,差别均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各组间患者年龄、基础FSH、获卵数、刺激周期Gn总量及平均移植胚胎数,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各组间hCG阳性率、临床妊娠率、流产率及继续妊娠率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。但CC+hMG组hCG阳性率、临床妊娠率及继续妊娠率数值上最低,长方案组hCG阳性率、临床妊娠率及继续妊娠率数值上均最高。多因素logistic回归分析发现CC+hMG组FET临床妊娠率低于长方案组,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05),但与其他各组比较差异无统计学意义。其他4组间比较妊娠结局无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论 PPOS、超短方案、长方案、拮抗剂促排卵方案来源胚胎FET妊娠结局在数值上优于CC+hMG促排卵方案,其中长方案显著优于CC+hMG促排卵方案。     

A comparison of luteal phase support in graduated estradiol/progesterone replacement cycles using intramuscular progesterone alone versus combination with vaginal suppositories on outcome following frozen embryo transfer

PURPOSE: To compare pregnancy outcome following frozen embryo transfer according to type of progesterone (P) support given in the luteal phase. METHODS: Retrospective cohort analysis of frozen embryo transfer (ET) cycles in which ovulation was suppressed by graduated estradiol in the follicular phase. Two P regimens in the luteal phase were compared: P vaginal suppositories and intramuscular P vs intramuscular alone. RESULTS: The clinical and viable pregnancy rates were significantly higher for the women receiving only intramuscular P (57.6% and 43.7%) vs those receiving combined therapy (45.9% and 35.6%, respectively). The implantation rates were not significantly different (22.6% vs 19.5%). CONCLUSION: The increased pregnancy rates with intramuscular P may have been related to a higher number of embryos transferred (3.69 vs 3.26). Nevertheless, intramuscular P alone is at least as effective, if not more effective, than combined therapy for frozen embryo transfers.     

The role of in vitro fertilization in infertile patients with endometriosis

Thirty-nine cycles were studied in patients with a history of endometriosis who went through in vitro fertilization. In 15 cycles, there was no evidence of endometriosis; in 10 cycles, the patients had mild or moderate disease; in 14 cycles, severe or extensive endometriosis was found. The pregnancy rates per cycle were 33%, 60%, and 7%, respectively (groups I and II, no significant difference; groups II and III, P less than 0.01). The difference was due to the different number of oocytes aspirated at laparoscopy because of technical problems in the cases with severe and extensive disease. There was also a significant difference in the number of pregnancies per transferred cycles. There was no difference in the luteal phase in the three groups. The reproductive potential, which seemed to be similar in groups I and II, was severely impaired in the group with severe endometriosis.     

人工流产术后继发性不孕原因分析及对女性性激素的影响

目的 研究分析人工流产术后继发性不孕原因及对女性性激素的影响.方法 选取46例行人工流产术后继发性不孕患者为研究组;另选同期40例人工流产术后正常受孕者为对照组.分析继发性不孕影响因素以及对女性性激素的影响.结果 两组患者年龄、手术方法、流产次数以及月经不调发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而宫腔粘连、慢性...     

Frozen embryo transfer cycles in women with deep endometriosis

Objective: To compare the transfer pregnancy rates with frozen embryos from patients with deep endometriosis and non-endometriosis patients.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of review of medical records of 181 women aged 18–40?years, undergoing transfer of frozen embryos into a fertility center. The data collected was from January 2007 to December 2013.

Results: Regarding the patients with endometriosis, there was no statistical difference in proportion to compare polycystic ovarian syndrome, male factor, tubal factor and unexplained infertility.

Conclusion: There was no difference between pregnancy rates obtained from frozen embryo transfer in deep endometriosis compared to other causes of infertility.     

Long-term pituitary downregulation before frozen embryo transfer could improve pregnancy outcomes in women with adenomyosis

Abstract

Some studies have shown that long-term gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist administration before in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm in infertile women with endometriosis or adenomyosis significantly increases the chances of pregnancy. We were interested in whether long-term GnRH agonist pretreatment could improve pregnancy outcomes in adenomyosis patients undergoing frozen embryo transfer (FET) after preparation of the endometrium with hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Totally, 339 patients with adenomyosis were included in this retrospective study, 194 received long-term GnRH agonist plus HRT (down-regulation?+?HRT) and 145 received HRT. There were no differences between the groups in characteristic such as age, body mass index, duration or cause of infertility, serum CA-125 level and basal hormone levels. On the day of progesterone administration, mean endometrial thickness and serum progesterone level were significantly greater in HRT patients. Mean score and number of embryos transferred showed no differences. In down regulation?+?HRT group, clinical pregnancy, implantation and ongoing pregnancy rates were 51.35%, 32.56% and 48.91%, respectively, significantly higher than that of HRT group (24.83%, 16.07% and 21.38%, respectively). So, we concluded that in FET, long-term GnRH agonist pretreatment significantly improved pregnancy outcomes in patients with adenomyosis.