锁孔乙状窦后入路显微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛(附23例报告)

目的探讨乙状窦后入路锁孔显微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛的手术方法、效果及并发症。方法 23例原发性三叉神经痛患者行显微血管减压术,采用乳突后发际内小切口,小骨窗开颅,显微镜下全程解剖三叉神经颅内段,寻找责任血管,将其从三叉神经入脑干区(REZ)分离,植入Teflon垫棉。观察术后效果和并发症发生情况。结果术中均发现明确的责任血管压迫三叉神经REZ区。23例中22例术后症状立即消失,1例无效。3例术后发生术侧面部麻木。随访1个月～2年无疼痛复发。结论乙状窦后入路锁孔显微血管减压术是治疗三叉神经痛安全且有效的方法,正确的手术方法是决定手术效果、减少并发症的重要因素。     

微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛的临床研究

目的 探究微血管减压术对面肌痉挛的疗效.方法 选取2013年1月～ 2015年3月共80例患者行血管减压术,观察发病原因、手术效果和术后并发症情况.结果 面肌痉挛主要因为颅内血管对脑干段面神经形成压迫,造成机械性刺激搏动,故引发症状.术中责任血管以小脑前下动脉为主(68.75％),多为单一血管压迫,微血管减压术有效率达100％.结论 微血管减压术其并发症少,复发率较低,对治疗面肌痉挛效果甚佳.     

微血管减压术治疗老年性面肌痉挛的疗效观察

目的：老年面肌痉挛患者采用微血管减压术治疗的疗效。方法收集共收治年龄在60岁及以上的面肌痉挛患者147例,均采用微血管减压术治疗,分析临床疗效。结果137例患者施行了微血管减压术,手术过程中均发现有责任血管压迫面神经REZ区域,其中,治愈126例,缓解20例,无效1例;所有患者均接受随访,随访时间3～35月,平均28．65月,治愈138例,缓解7例,无效1例,复发1例。结论微血管减压术是一种治疗老年面肌痉挛安全可靠的手段,但需要完善术前检查,仔细评估,是否手术治疗需要权衡风险－效益的关系。     

磁共振体层血管造影在面肌痉挛病因诊断中的价值

目的 评价磁共振体层血管造影成像技术（MRTA）在面肌痉挛病因研究中的价值,方法 面肌痉挛病人共121例,均行双侧面神经多平面成像MRTA检查,其中23侧面神经随后接受了面神经微血管减压术（MVD）,结果 242侧受检面神经有面肌痉挛症状者123侧,其中MRTA检查显示面神经出脑干段（RFZ）有血管压迫者116侧,敏感性94．3％,无症状者119侧,其中MRTA检查显示REZ无血管压迫者112侧,特异性94．1％,23侧面神经接受MVD手术,有21侧术中所见与术前MRTA所示相吻合。结论 多平面成像MRTA检查方法有助于明确面肌痉挛的病因,对MVD的术前评估有重要意义。     

颅神经微血管减压术58例疗效分析

原发性三叉神经痛、偏侧面肌痉挛、舌咽神经痛是常见的功能性神经外科疾病。目前公认血管压迫是导致其发病的主要原因。微血管减压术（microvasculardecompression,MVD）是治疗三叉神经痛、面肌痉挛、舌咽神经痛等颅神经疾病的有效外科治疗方法,临床疗效显著而持久,术后并发症少。我院自1998～2008年,采用微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛、偏侧面肌痉挛、舌咽神经痛共58例,效果良好。现就手术治疗情况总结分析如下。     

面肌痉挛的3.0T3D-TOF MRA表现分析及病因诊断

目的 探讨面肌痉挛的3.0T 3D-TOF-MRA表现及病因诊断.方法 回顾性分析48例面肌痉挛患者术前3D-TOF-MRA图像,观察血管与面神经的毗邻关系,判明责任血管,并与术中所见血管与面神经的毗邻关系进行对照分析.结果 48例患者术中均找到责任血管:术前3D-TOF-MRA判明责任血管46例(95.8％),与术中所见相一致;2例(4.2％)责任血管来源不明;面神经受压位置在神经根出脑干处(REZ)44例(91.7％),在面神经中1/3段1例(2％),在外1/3段3例(6.3％);患侧与健侧均有血管压迫者31例,邻近血管的粗细和血管是否成袢是引起面肌痉挛的主要因素,对是否产生症状具有统计学意义(P ＜0.05).结论 MRA发现有血管与面神经毗邻未必一定产生面肌痉挛的症状,只有将MRA所见责任血管与面神经的毗邻关系同临床症状相结合,才能对显微外科血管解压术(MVD)的成功实施提供重要的指导意义.     

42例乙状窦后入路微血管减压术后并发症的观察与护理

面肌痉挛、三叉神经痛是神经外科常见的功能性疾病。乙状窦后入路神经根微血管减压术治疗能有效解除病人的痛苦。手术采用显微外科技术,减少了手术损伤,不切断神经,保留了神经的完整性和生理功能,较少遗留永久性神经功能障碍,但手术需开颅,有开颅术后的并发症。2008年9月～2009年5月,本院对42例面肌痉挛、三叉神经痛者采用微血管减压术治疗,疗效较好。但发生术后并发症16例,现将并发症观察及护理报告如下。     

显微血管减压术治疗60例面肌痉挛的护理体会

显微血管减压术（MVD）是治疗面肌痉挛（HFS）的一种新方法。本文报告了应用（MVD）治疗60例面肌痉挛患者的护理,术前做好心理护理及各项检查,术后监测生命体征,观察疗效及术后并发症。出院前做好出院指导,讲解预防疼痛,防止复发的问题。本组术后发生头晕呕吐51例,脑脊液鼻漏3例,周围性面瘫4例,颅内出血2例,经治疗护理后,痊愈出院。     

3D-TOF-MRA联合3D-FIESTA-C序列判断面肌痉挛责任血管的诊断价值

目的探讨3.0T磁共振3D-TOF-MRA联合3D-FIESTA-C序列对于判断面肌痉挛患者责任血管的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析2016年6月～2018年7月我院收治的109例面肌痉挛患者,所有患者均行微血管减压术治疗,并于术前行3D-TOF-MRA和3D-FIESTA-C扫描。对比MRI表现及术中所见,分析3D-TOF-MRA联合3D-FIESTA-C判断面肌痉挛责任血管的准确性。结果症状侧面神经受微血管压迫108例,而非症状侧面神经受微血管压迫8例,两者具有统计学差异。对比影像学表现以及手术结果,3D-TOF-MRA联合3D-FIESTA-C序列对于判断面肌痉挛患者责任血管的敏感性为99.08%,特异性为92.66%,诊断符合率为91.28%。结论 3D-TOF-MRA联合3D-FIESTA-C序列检查可以清晰显示面神经与邻近微血管的压迫关系,对于判断面肌痉挛的责任血管有较高的诊断价值。     

面听神经根压迫综合征48例

目的总结面听神经根压迫综合征48例的手术治疗经验,并对病因进行探讨。方法经乙状窦后入路进入桥小脑角区,在手术显微镜下对面听神经根及周围进行仔细检查,寻找病因,对相关病灶给予相应微血管减压、粘连分解及面神经梳理等处理。结果术中发现48例面听神经根均有责任血管压迫,其中16例伴有明显的蛛网膜增厚、粘连。术后全部病例均痊愈出院。随访1~15年,有2例耳鸣症状复发,4例面肌痉挛症状复发,但均较术前轻,无耳聋者。结论面听神经压迫综合征48例,其致病因素以责任血管压迫为主,部分伴有蛛网膜粘连。     

Three-dimensional-MRI of neurovascular compression in patients with hemifacial spasm

We prospectively studied 30 patients to assess the usefulness of three-dimensional (3D) contrastenhanced MRI in patients with hemifacial spasm. In all patients neurovascular compression of the facial nerve could be detected. Microvascular decompression was performed in 14, and vascular compression of the root exit zone of the facial nerve and the offending artery were exactyl as predicted by MRI in all but 2. We also retrospectively studied whether the symptomatic side could be defined only by enhanced 3D MRI in 55 randomised individuals (30 with and 25 without hemifacial spasm). All symptomatic sides were correctly identified, and the false-positive rate was 13.8%.     

磁共振血管成像对血管压迫性面肌痉挛的诊断价值

目的:分析神经血管压迫性面肌痉挛患者3D-TOF MRA表现,探讨其临床诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析32例面肌痉挛患者3D-TOF MRA表现与手术结果。结果:32例面肌痉挛患者共64侧面神经,3D-TOF MRA检查发现症状侧血管压迫或接触,经统计学分析,患者症状与是否存在血管压迫或接触有显著性意义(P<0.01)。32例患者症状侧行手术治疗,术中证实均有血管压迫或接触者,3D-TOF MRA诊断血管与手术不符者6例。结论:3D-TOF MRA能清晰显示面神经与毗邻血管之间的关系,对面神经血管压迫或接触的正确诊断具有重要价值,能够为面神经显微血管减压术提供手术依据。     

Medical waiver for flying after microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm

BACKGROUND: Microvascular decompression has become the treatment of choice for hemifacial spasm. Post-surgical symptoms of vestibular dysfunction may appear, but are mostly transient. The unique occupational demands of military aviators necessitate complete otoneurological evaluation after vestibular insults to allow safe return to flying duties. CASE REPORT: We present a case of a military jet-fighter pilot who developed transient vertigo and disequilibrium after microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm. Resolution of symptoms and complete recovery as documented by vestibular bedside and laboratory tests allowed us to grant the pilot full solo flying privileges.     

3.0T磁共振断层血管成像对三叉神经痛和面肌痉挛血管神经压迫的诊断价值

目的 探讨3.0T磁共振断层血管成像(magnetic resonance tomographic angiography, MRTA )对三叉神经痛和面肌痉挛血管神经压迫的诊断价值. 方法 临床诊断的三叉神经痛52例,面肌痉挛9例,共61例.61例均行3.0T磁共振断层血管造影成像( MRTA),利用原始图像进行斜矢状位和冠状位重建,从3个方位观测血管神经的关系,并与手术结果进行对照. 结果 52例三叉神经痛中,MRTA显示46例存在三叉神经血管压迫或接触,6例无压迫.9例面肌痉挛MRTA显示面神经均有微血管跨越或压迫.手术结果显示52例三叉神经痛中45例存在三叉神经血管压迫或接触,6例无压迫,1例为囊肿;9例面肌痉挛均有微血管压迫.MRTA诊断阳性率为90.2%、敏感性为 96.4%、特异性为80%. 结论 3.0T超高场强下进行MRTA,对发现三叉神经痛和面肌痉挛血管神经压迫有重要诊断价值.     

A型肉毒素治疗面肌痉挛90例疗效观察

目的　探讨A型肉毒素治疗面肌痉挛的疗效,以及疗效与病情严重程度、病程长短之间的关系。方法　对90例面肌痉挛病人进行多点注射A型肉毒素,疗效评定采用病人自评和医生评分2种方法结合进行(通过电话、信件、门诊随访等形式)。结果A型肉毒素局部注射治疗面肌痉挛的总有效率为100％,疗效持续时间与病情严重程度和病程长短有关,病情越轻、病程越短,有效时间越长。结论　A型肉毒素治疗面肌痉挛是一种简易、安全、有效的治疗方法。病情越轻、治疗时间越早,治疗效果越好。     

3D-VIBE序列对血管压迫性三叉神经痛和面肌痉挛诊断价值

目的探讨3.0 T磁共振3D扰相梯度回波(3D-VIBE)序列对于三叉神经痛和面肌痉挛责任血管的诊断价值。方法利用3D-VIBE的原始图像重建,从不同的角度观察神经与血管的走行关系,发现责任血管,并与临床微血管减压术(MVD)进行比对。结果进行3D-VIBE序列扫描后发现责任血管,与术中所见基本符合。血管呈高信号,神经呈等信号,对比良好,能够直观显示血管与神经的解剖结构。三叉神经痛的症状侧的血管压迫阳性符合率为90.6%(29/32),面肌痉挛的症状侧的血管压迫阳性符合率为89.4%(17/19)。结论 3D-VIBE序列对于发现血管压迫性三叉神经痛和面肌痉挛责任血管,明确血管与神经的关系有诊断价值。     

MRI在三叉神经痛和半侧面肌痉挛病因诊断中的价值

目的 探讨MRI在诊断三叉神经痛与半侧面肌痉挛中的价值.方法 将51例三叉神经痛与23例半侧面肌痉挛患者的术前MRI资料与手术结果进行对照分析.结果 ①74例患者中,MRI诊断患侧桥小脑角胆脂瘤8例,听神经瘤7例,三叉神经瘤4例,脑膜瘤3例,患侧神经微血管压迫49例(66.21％),MRI未见异常者3例(4.05％);②手术病理结果:胆脂瘤8例,听神经瘤7例,三叉神经瘤4例,脑膜瘤3例,三叉神经或面神经根部异常血管压迫者46例(62.16％),术中未见异常者6例(8.11％).结论 MRI在三叉神经痛和半侧面肌痉挛病因诊断中具有很高价值,是术前首选的检查方法.     

MRI Findings in Patients with a History of Failed Prior Microvascular Decompression for Hemifacial Spasm: How to Image and Where to Look

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:A minority of patients who undergo microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm do not improve after the first operation. We sought to determine the most common locations of unaddressed neurovascular contact in patients with persistent or recurrent hemifacial spasm despite prior microvascular decompression.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Eighteen patients with a history of a microvascular decompression presented with persistent hemifacial spasm. All patients underwent thin-section steady-state free precession MR imaging. Fourteen patients underwent repeat microvascular decompression at our institution. Images were evaluated for the following: the presence of persistent vascular compression of the facial nerve, type of culprit vessel (artery or vein), name of the culprit artery, segment of the nerve in contact with the vessel, and location of the point of contact relative to the existing surgical pledget. The imaging findings were compared with the operative findings.RESULTS:In 12 of the 18 patients (67%), persistent vascular compression was identified by imaging. In 11 of these 12 patients, the culprit vessel was an artery. Compression of the attached segment (along the ventral surface of the pons) was identified in most patients (58%, 7/12). The point of contact was proximal to the surgical pledget in most patients (83%, 10/12). The imaging interpretation was concordant with the surgical results regarding artery versus vein in 86% of cases and regarding the segment of the nerve contacted in 92%.CONCLUSIONS:In patients with persistent hemifacial spasm despite microvascular decompression, the unaddressed vascular compression is typically proximal to the previously placed pledget, usually along the attached segment of the nerve. Re-imaging with high-resolution T2-weighted MR imaging will usually identify the culprit vessel.

Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is characterized by unilateral spasms of the facial musculature.¹ While not life-threatening, the disease can profoundly reduce quality of life. It has an annual incidence of approximately 1 in 100,000 people per year.² HFS is most commonly the result of vascular compression of the facial nerve.³ Microvascular decompression (MVD) of the facial nerve is a well-established treatment for HFS with success rates exceeding 90% for the initial operation.⁴ Patients who have persistent HFS despite undergoing MVD pose a challenge for both neuroradiologists and neurosurgeons. However, many patients with unabated HFS despite prior MVD can and do benefit from repeat operations.^5,6 Failure to identify persistent vascular compression of the facial nerve can discourage reoperation and potential cure. The purpose of this article was to determine whether MR imaging could identify unaddressed neurovascular contact in patients with ongoing HFS despite prior MVD and to report the frequency and most common locations of this residual neurovascular contact.     

CT在三叉神经痛和半侧面肌痉挛诊断中的应用价值

目的:探讨CT在诊断三叉神经痛与半侧面肌痉挛中的价值。方法:将772例经手术治疗的三叉神经痛(326例)与半侧面肌痉挛(446例)患者的术前CT资料与手术结果进行对照分析。结果:①CT表现:772例患者中,CT发现患侧桥小脑角胆脂瘤26例,听神经瘤14例,三叉神经瘤8例,脑膜瘤6例,患侧桥小脑角扩张增粗血管490例(63.47%),CT未见异常者228例(29.6%);②手术病理结果:胆脂瘤27例,听神经瘤14例,三叉神经瘤8例,脑膜瘤6例,三叉神经或面神经根部异常血管压迫者696例(90.15%),术中未见异常者21例。结论:CT在病因诊断方面很有帮助,它既可以发现桥小脑角占位病变,又能显示桥小脑角扩张增粗的血管,是术前有效的检查方法。