99mTc-MIBI甲状旁腺显像及99mTc-MDP全身骨显像综合判断甲状旁腺功能亢进

目的　比较９ ９ ｍ Ｔｃ Ｍ Ｉ Ｂ Ｉ双时相法与 Ｍ Ｉ Ｂ Ｉ９ ９ ｍ Ｔｃ Ｏ４ － 图像相减法两种显像法对甲状旁腺功能亢进（ 甲旁亢） 的诊断价值，同时结合９ ９ ｍ Ｔｃ Ｍ Ｄ Ｐ 全身骨显像综合判断甲旁亢患者的病情。方法　对１８ 例甲旁亢患者进行静注９ ９ ｍ Ｔｃ Ｍ Ｉ Ｂ Ｉ７４０９２５ Ｍ Ｂｑ ，分别在第１５ 分钟、第２ 小时作颈前位平面显像；显像结束后立即予床边静注９ ９ ｍ Ｔｃ Ｏ４ － ７４１１１ Ｍ Ｂｑ ，１５ 分钟后再作显像。以９ ９ ｍ Ｔｃ Ｍ Ｉ Ｂ Ｉ 延迟显像图减去９ ９ ｍ Ｔｃ Ｏ４ － 显像图，获得 Ｍ Ｉ Ｂ Ｉ９ ９ ｍ Ｔｃ Ｏ４ － 相减图。结果　９ ９ ｍ Ｔｃ Ｍ Ｉ Ｂ Ｉ早 期 显 像（ 第１５ 分钟） 检 测甲旁亢病灶的灵敏度为６１ ．１ ％ （１１／１８） 、延迟相（２ 小时） 的灵敏度８３ ．３ ％ （１５／１８） 。１５ 例阳性显像中１４ 例为腺瘤，１ 例为癌；３ 例阴性者均为腺体增生。 Ｍ Ｉ Ｂ Ｉ９ ９ ｍ Ｔｃ Ｏ４ － 相减法除同样显示１５ 例９ ９ ｍ Ｔｃ Ｍ Ｉ Ｂ Ｉ 延迟显像的病灶外，也检出１ 例增生型甲旁亢病灶。全身骨显像结果，２ 例出现“棕色瘤”样病灶，１０ 例呈多灶性骨放射性异常集聚改变     

低剂量多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图预测初发急性心肌梗死后心室壁运动障碍的改善

目的：探讨低剂量多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图（ＬＤＤＳＥ）和９９ｍ锝甲氧基异丁基异腈（９９ｍＴｃＭＩＢＩ）心肌显像对初发急性心肌梗死患者心室壁运动障碍自发性改善的预测价值。方法：２７例初发急性心肌梗死患者于发病后１周内行ＬＤＤＳＥ试验，并随访４个月后的心室壁运动。９例溶栓治疗患者行９９ｍＴｃＭＩＢＩ心肌显像。结果：９例溶栓治疗患者中，６例发生缺血再灌注，随访时心室壁运动障碍改善。未发生缺血再灌注的３例患者中，２例随访时心室壁运动障碍改善，１例恶化。ＬＤＤＳＥ试验对急性心肌梗死后心室壁运动障碍自发性改善预测的敏感性、特异性分别为７１％和８４％，阳性预测值和阴性预测值均为７８％。结论：ＬＤＤＳＥ试验对初发急性心肌梗死后心室壁运动障碍的自发性改善有较高的预测价值     

冠状动脉造影与^99mTc—MIBI心肌灌注断层显像诊断冠心病对比分析

为比较冠状动脉造影和＾９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ心肌灌注断层显像在诊断冠心病中的作用。１１６例患者均行太动造影和＾９９ｍ－Ｔｃ－ＭＩＢＩ心肌灌注断层显像。最终诊断；冠心病９１例，其他心脏病１５例，无器质性心脏者１０例。９０例冠心病中，有９０例核素心肌显像呈阳性，１０例无器质性现患者９例核素心肌显像呈阴性。     

细胞因子对正常甲状腺细胞cAMP生成的调节

目的　本文研究白介素１（ Ｉ Ｌ１） 、干扰素α（ Ｉ Ｆ Ｎα） 和肿瘤坏死因子（ Ｔ Ｎ Ｆ） 对人正常甲状腺细胞环磷酸腺苷（ｃ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ） 生成的影响。方法　运用人甲状腺细胞原代培养技术和放免分析技术，检测不同种类细胞因子刺激甲状腺细胞引起的ｃ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ 释放状况。结果　（１） Ｉ Ｌ１ 、 Ｉ Ｆ Ｎα和 Ｔ Ｎ Ｆ 均可促进甲状腺细胞基础ｃ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ 的释放。（２） Ｉ Ｌ１ 在１０ － ３ ～１０３ Ｕ／ｍｌ 的浓度范围内，可明显增强促甲状腺激素（ Ｔ Ｓ Ｈ） 对甲状腺细胞生成ｃ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ 的刺激效应，其中以１０ － １ Ｕ／ｍｌ 的 Ｉ Ｌ１ 作用最强。（３） Ｉ Ｆ Ｎα对 Ｔ Ｓ Ｈ 刺激甲状腺细胞ｃ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ 的生成具有双向调节作用，１０ － ２ ～１ Ｕ／ ｍｌ 可增加ｃ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ 释放，而１０３ Ｕ／ｍｌ 时则抑制 Ｔ Ｓ Ｈ 的刺激效应。（４）１０ ～１０４ Ｕ／ｍｌ 的 Ｔ Ｎ Ｆ 使 Ｔ Ｓ Ｈ 刺激甲状腺细胞生成ｃ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ 的量显著减少。结论　多种细胞因子参与甲状腺功能的调节，并可能与自身免疫性甲状腺疾病的发生发展过程有一定关联。     

Isoket介入^99mTc—MIBI心肌显像法检测犬心肌存活力

目的通过动物实验探讨二硝酸异山梨醇酯（Ｉｓｏｋｅｔ）介入９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ显像在心肌存活力估测中的价值。方法用结扎左冠状动脉前降支的方法制成９只犬心肌梗死模型，随机分为三组（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组）分别于冠状动脉结扎１．５ｈ、３．０ｈ、６．０ｈ再灌注。对９只犬心肌梗死再灌注模型进行静息９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ、Ｉｓｏｋｅｔ介入９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ心肌断层显像。结果３组犬在静息心肌显像中的１９、２３、２５个放射性分布异常节段各有１０个节段出现放射性填充，分别占５２．６％、４３．３％、４０．０％，Ｉｓｏｋｅｔ介入后，三组犬的放射分布得分亦降低。结论Ｉｓｏｋｅｔ能明显提高９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ对心肌存活力的估计，Ｉｓｏｋｅｔ介入９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ显像是评估心肌存活力的实用方法。     

冠状动脉造影与~（99m）Tc－MIBI心肌灌注断层显像诊断冠心病对比分析

为比较冠状动脉造影和９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ心肌灌注断层显像在诊断冠心病中的作用。１１６例患者均行冠状动造影和９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ心肌灌注断层显像。最终诊断：冠心病９１例，其他心脏病１５例，无器质性心脏病者１０例。９１例冠心病中，有９０例核素心肌显像呈阳性，１０例无器质性心脏病患者９例核素心肌显像呈阴性。提示：对于诊断冠心病，心肌灌注单光子发射计算机断层显像（ＳＰＥＣＴ）的敏感性和特异性分别为９９％和９０％。冠状动脉造影与心肌ＳＰＥＣＴ均阳性者，冠心病确诊无疑；均阴性者，可予排除；单纯冠状动脉造影阳性或ＳＰＥＣＴ阳性者，临床上需细心诊断     

多巴酚丁胺负荷试验~（99m）Tc－MIBI心肌断层显像的临床应用

为了评价多巴酚丁胺负荷试验９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ心肌单光子发射型计算机断层（ＳＰＥＣＴ）显像检测冠心病的准确性，对比了２１例（２２例次）临床确诊或可疑冠心病患者的多巴酚丁胺负荷试验９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ心肌ＳＰＥＣＴ显像与冠状动脉造影的结果。有明显冠状动脉狭窄的１２例患者，１１例多巴酚丁胺９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ心肌ＳＰＥＣＴ异常；冠状动脉造影正常的７例患者，其中６例心肌ＳＰＥＣＴ正常。多巴酚丁胺９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ心肌ＳＰＥＣＴ检测冠心病的灵敏度为９２％（１１／１２），特异性为８６％（６／７）。初步表明，多巴酚丁胺药物负荷试验９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ心肌ＳＰＥＣＴ显像是安全的，对于检测冠状动脉病变有较高的灵敏度和特异性，具有较好的临床应用前景。     

~(99m)Tc-MIBI心肌显像心肌活力评估及在冠脉成形术中的应用研究

目的　探讨有效提高常规静息９９ｍＴｃ－甲基异丁基异腈（ＭＩＢＩ）心肌显像检测存活心肌的方法,评价该方法在血管成形术中评估存活心肌的价值。方法分别对２０例、３０例和１０例冠心病病人血管成型术前和术后进行,（１）静息－含服硝酸甘油介入,（２）静息－门控,（３）静息－延迟（４ｈ）９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ心肌显像。结果 ３种方法评估存活心肌阳性预测值分别为９５．９％、６８．５％和８４．１％;阴性预测值分别为６８．２％、９０．１％和９０．０％;预测准确率分别为８２．５％、７７．３％和８７．２％。结论（１）～（３）种显像方法有效地提高了常规静息９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ心肌显像为血管成形术适应证的选择和临床评估其疗效提供了客观依据。     

多巴酚丁胺负荷试验^99mTc—MIBI心肌断层显像的临床应用

为了评价多巴酚丁胺负荷试验＾９９ｍ－Ｔｃ－ＭＩＢＩ心肌单光子发射型计算机断层显像检测冠心病的准确性，对比了２１例临床确诊或可疑冠心病患者的多巴酚丁胺负荷试验＾９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ心肌ＳＰＥＣＴ显像与冠状动脉造影的结果。     

99mTc-MIBI 心肌灌注断层显像诊断病毒性心肌炎的初步观察

为了探讨Ｔｃ－９９ｍ－甲氧基异丁基异腈（９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ）心肌灌注断层显像在病毒性心肌炎诊断中的应用价值，对１３０例病毒性心肌炎患者及３５例对照组行９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ单光子发射断层（ＳＰＥＣＴ）心肌灌注显像，分析重建后的断层图像，按是否有花斑样改变和灶性放射性稀疏，将患者再分为阳性和阴性两组，分析两组的年龄及性别构成，计算并比较阳性组、阴性组及对照组的心／肝计数比及心腔／心肌计数比。结果发现:３５例对照组心肌灌注显像正常，７１例患者出现阳性结果，阳性率为５４．６％，阳性组患者年龄轻、男性多、心／肝比及心腔／心肌计数比明显低于阴性组及对照组。结果提示９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ心肌灌注断层显像有助于病毒性心肌炎的诊断。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.