大鼠血浆中紫丁香苷的高效液相色谱法测定及药动学研究

目的建立大鼠血浆中紫丁香苷的高效液相色谱法分析方法,对其静脉给药在大鼠体内药动学过程进行研究。方法采用乙腈沉淀蛋白。色谱柱Agilent C18柱（4.6mm×250mm,5μm,USA）;流动相：甲醇-1%磷酸二氢钾（40∶60,V∶V）;流速：0.8ml/min;柱温：25℃;检测波长：265nm;进样量：20μl。结果大鼠血浆内源性物质对紫丁香苷药物测定无干扰,血药浓度在0.50～30.00μg/ml范围内,浓度对峰面积有良好的线性关系,r=0.9998,提取回收率大于89%,方法回收率在98.3%～100.5%之间;日内、日间精密度RSD均小于10%（n=6）。紫丁香苷在大鼠体内的血药浓度-时间曲线符合二室模型。结论该方法准确、简便、灵敏,可用于紫丁香苷在大鼠体内的药动学研究。     

消渴化瘀片质控方法的研究

目的建立消渴化瘀片质量控制方法。方法采用HPLC法以C18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)作为固定相;流动相:乙腈-水(1∶9);UV检测波长为265nm;流速:1ml/min;柱温:室温;测定紫丁香苷的含量。采用TLC法以硅胶G薄层板,正己烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇(6∶6∶1.5)为展开剂,置紫外光灯(254nm)下检视定性鉴别异秦皮啶;以苯-丙酮(9∶1)为展开剂,8%香草醛无水乙醇溶液与硫酸溶液(7→10)的混合液(0.5∶5)为显色剂定性鉴别菝葜皂苷元。结果紫丁香苷的线性范围为0.15~0.75μg(r=0.9998),平均加样回收率为97.05%,RSD为1.47%(n=6)。TLC中,异秦皮啶、菝葜皂苷元分离效果良好。结论所建立的HPLC和TLC法简便、准确、灵敏,能有效地控制制剂的质量。     

HPLC法测定圣愈汤颗粒中芍药苷的含量

目的建立圣愈汤颗粒剂中芍药苷的含量测定方法。方法采用HPLC法,以岛津VP-ODS（4.6 mm×250mm,5μm）为色谱柱;流动相：异丙醇-甲醇-水-醋酸（2∶25∶71∶2）;检测波长：230 nm;柱温：30℃。结果芍药苷在0.044～0.352μg范围内,浓度与峰面积线性关系良好（r=0.9992）;样品的平均加样回收率为98.68%,RSD为0.75%,n=5。结论本文方法简便、快速、准确、重复性好。     

高效液相色谱法测定复方刺五加片中紫丁香苷的含量

目的研究复方刺五加片中紫丁香苷的含量测定方法。方法高效液相色谱法,Agilent ZORBAX SB C18分析柱（5μm,4.6mm×250mm）,流动相：乙腈-水-冰醋酸（10∶90∶1）,检测波长为265nm。结果紫丁香苷回归方程为Y=18.6051X-1.3337,r=0.9999（n=5）,线性范围15.07～35.17μg·mL-1,平均回收率为（100.51±0.74）%,RSD为0.74%。结论方法简便、准确、灵敏,可作为该制剂的定量方法。     

HPLC测定消炎片中黄芩苷的含量

目的建立消炎片中黄芩苷的含量测定方法。方法采用HPLC测定消炎片中黄芩苷的含量。色谱柱:Waters(Nova-PakC18,3.9mm×150mm,4μm);流动相:甲醇-水-磷酸(47∶53∶0.2);检测波长:278nm。结果黄芩苷在0.4052~2.4312μg范围内线性关系良好,回归方程为Y=4850354X+63135,r=0.9999,平均回收率为101.1%,RSD为0.62%(n=6)。结论本方法简便、准确、重现性好,能排除其他成分的干扰,可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

高效液相色谱法测定选奇头痛滴丸中黄芩苷的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定选奇头痛滴丸中黄芩苷的含量。方法色谱柱：Chromasil-C18柱（150mm×4.6mm,5μm）;流动相：甲醇-水-磷酸（47∶55∶0.2）;流速：1.0ml/min;检测波长：280nm;柱温：室温。结果黄芩苷在24.8～248μg/ml范围内,进样量与峰面积线性关系良好,r=0.9997（n=6）,平均加样回收率为100.28%,RSD为0.89%。结论本方法操作简便、准确、专属性强、灵敏度高、重复性好,可用于选奇头痛滴丸中黄芩苷的含量测定和质量控制。     

高效液相色谱法测定复方芍药胶囊中芍药苷的含量

目的建立复方芍药胶囊中芍药苷含量测定的高效液相色谱法,制定每粒胶囊中芍药苷的限量。方法色谱柱为ZORBAX-C18(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸(15∶85),流速为1.2ml/min。结果芍药苷含量在0.183~1.098μg呈良好的线性关系,回归方程为C=7.671×10-5A-0.00325(r=0.9997),加样回收率平均为100.35%,RSD为1.4%。结论本法测定方法简单,重现性好,准确度高,特征性强,可用于该复方制剂中芍药苷含量测定。     

HPLC法测定不同产地黄蜀葵花中金丝桃苷异槲皮苷及槲皮素-3''''-葡萄糖苷含量

目的测定不同产地黄蜀葵花药材中金丝桃苷,异槲皮苷,槲皮素-3'-葡萄糖苷含量。方法高效液相色谱法。色谱柱:Diamonsil C18柱(150mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈-甲醇(10∶1)-0.4%磷酸,梯度洗脱;检测波长:360nm;柱温:室温;流速:1.0ml/min。结果江苏江堰黄蜀葵花中金丝桃苷含量1.12%,RSD为1.54%;异槲皮苷含量0.68%,RSD为1.58%;槲皮素-3'-葡萄糖苷含量0.59%,RSD为1.47%;江苏兴化黄蜀葵花中金丝桃苷含量0.98%,RSD为1.49%;异槲皮苷含量0.60%,RSD为1.62%;槲皮素-3'-葡萄糖苷含量0.52%,RSD为1.55%;河北邢台黄蜀葵花中金丝桃苷含量1.03%,RSD为1.72%;异槲皮苷含量0.62%,RSD为1.84%;槲皮素-3'-葡萄糖苷含量0.54%,RSD为1.62%。结论江苏江堰黄蜀葵花中金丝桃苷,异槲皮苷,槲皮素-3'-葡萄糖苷含量均最高,江苏兴化黄蜀葵花中金丝桃苷,异槲皮苷,槲皮素-3'-葡萄糖苷含量均最低,该方法简便,准确,重现性好,为各地黄蜀葵花药材的进一步开发利用提供质量控制依据。     

HPLC法测定胆胰康泰散中黄芩苷含量

目的　测定胆胰康泰散中黄芩苷的含量。方法　采用HPLC法。ODS色谱柱 (4mm× 2 5 0mm ,5 μm) ;流动相为甲醇 -四氢呋喃 - 0 .0 2mol·L-1KH2 PO4水溶液 (4∶1∶6 ) ;流速 :1.0m1/min ;柱温 :2 5℃ ;检测波长 :2 78nm。结果　HPLC法测定黄芩苷可达基线分离 ,进样量为 0 .0 8～ 0 .8μg时线性良好 ,平均回收率为 99.4 7% ,RSD为 0 .71%。结论　该法操作简便 ,结果准确 ,重现性好 ,可用于胆胰康泰散中黄芩苷的含量测定。     

HPLC法测定芩榆烧伤液中黄芩苷的含量

目的建立芩榆烧伤液中黄芩苷的含量测定方法,方法采用HPLC法,色谱柱:ODS-2 C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相:甲醇-0.2%磷酸水溶液(45∶55);流速为1.0 ml/min;检测波长为280 nm。结果黄芩苷在8.05～80.50μg/ml范围内呈良好线性关系,r=0.9995;回收率为100.46%,RSD为1.44%。结论该方法灵敏、准确、简单、快速,可用于芩榆烧伤液中黄芩苷的含量测定。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）