DCS髁动力螺钉内固定治疗股骨髁间骨折

股骨髁间骨折是波及膝关节的复杂骨折类型，随着手术操作的进步及内固定材料质量的提高，对该类骨折的治疗要求也日益提高。我科用DCS髁动力螺钉(以下简称DCS螺钉)内固定治疗股骨髁间骨折21例，效果满意，体会如下：     

动力髁螺钉治疗股骨髁上骨折

目的观察应用动力髁螺钉(DCS)内固定治疗股骨髁上骨折40例的疗效。方法对40例股骨髁上骨折采用动力髁螺钉(DCS)治疗。结果骨折愈合率为100%。膝关节功能优良率为90%。结论DCS治疗股骨髁上骨折具有固定牢靠确定,操作方便,能早期进行功能锻炼等优点。     

股骨髁部复杂性骨折手术治疗回顾性分析

探讨股骨髁部复杂性骨折最佳手术治疗效果。方法：108例股骨髁部骨折，按Semsheverw分型，分别采用松质骨螺钉 克氏针、自制钢板 骨螺栓、AO／ASIFQE角钢板和“L”型钢板、股骨髁支持钢板和动力髁部螺钉(DCS)等内固定治疗，结果；随诊1—3年，平均15个月，疗效综合评定，动力髁部螺钉(DCS)股骨髁支持钢板和“L”型钢板内固定明显优于AO／ASF角钢质自制钢板 骨螺栓及松质骨螺钉 克氏针。结论：牢固可靠的内固定是手术治疗和功能恢复的关键。     

动力髁螺钉治疗股骨远端骨折

目的 讨论动力髁螺钉治疗股骨远端骨折手术方法及疗效。方法 分析应用动力髁螺钉内治疗22例股骨远端骨折的临床及随访资料。结果 骨折在4－8个月愈合,优良率为77％。结论 动力髁螺钉固定牢靠,疗效较好,尤其适合于复杂的C型骨折。     

鞍式髁钢板内固定治疗股骨髁间髁上骨折

[目的]探讨设计的鞍式髁钢板内固定治疗股骨髁间髁上骨折临床应用效果。[方法]随机选取32例股骨下端髁间髁上骨折患者，复位后均采用鞍式髁钢板固定。[结果]全部得到随访，术后随访4个月．2a，均达到良好的骨折愈合及膝关节功能恢复。[结论]该接骨板设计符合生物力学原理，其鞍状结构与股骨干髁间固定，可增强骨折断端的抗弯及抗旋转能力，具有较好的解剖塑型及稳定性，有利于骨折的愈合及术后早期进行功能锻炼，具有一定的临床应用价值。     

股骨髁上钉治疗股骨髁部骨折疗效分析

目的：观察股骨髁上钉治疗股骨髁部粉碎骨折的疗效。方法：自1999年6月—2002年9月对52例股骨髁上、髁间粉碎骨折采用小切口复位带锁髁上钉内固定治疗，骨折多为股骨远端骨折AO／ASIF分类A、C型。结果：膝关节功能在4—6周内恢复至正常达95％以上，复查X线片对位良好达100％，3个月内均有明显骨痂形成。结论：股骨髁上带锁髓内钉操作简单，无需广泛剥离，固定牢固确切，重建膝关节的解剖结构，早期功能康复，骨折愈合率高。     

动力髁螺钉及"L"型钢板治疗股骨髁部骨折38例体会

股骨髁部骨折常因粉碎不稳定和波及关节面，被列为损伤严重治疗困难的骨折。自1996年以来，笔者对我院38例股骨髁部复杂性骨折应用动力髁螺钉(DCS)和“L”型钢板内固定，早期配合CPM功能锻炼治疗。报告如下。     

AO股骨髁支撑钢板内固定在股骨远端复杂骨折的应用

目的 探讨应用股骨髁支撑钢板内固定治疗股骨远端复杂骨折的方法和临床疗效。方法 回顾分析2001年10月～2004年2月，对23例股骨远端复杂骨折患者进行修复重建，其中男19例，女4例；年龄27～55岁。左侧13例，右侧10例。交通伤16例，高处坠落伤7例。闭合性骨折14例，开放性骨折9例。新鲜骨折21例，陈旧性骨折2例。骨折AO分类：A型关节外骨折6例，C型关节内骨折17例。术前X线片示股骨髁上、髁间粉碎性骨折。患者均行切开复位内固定，对于粉碎性骨折先用克氏针或松质骨螺钉整复股骨内外髁，对齐关节面，外侧置股骨髁支撑钢板固定；对骨缺损较大者行一期植骨，术后行科学合理的康复治疗及随访观察。结果 患者均获随访6～20个月，平均13．7个月。术后14个月X线片示骨折均对位、对线佳。骨折均愈合，愈合时间7～16个月。按Kolmert和Wulff的评价标准，A型6例，优5例，良1例；C型17例，优1l例，良3例，可2例，差1例。结论 采用股骨髁支撑钢板内固定治疗股骨远端复杂骨折，设计合理，操作简便，固定可靠，疗效肯定。     

股骨髁支持钢板在股骨髁上和髁间骨折的应用

目的探讨股骨髁上与髁间骨折手术用股骨髁支持钢板内固定方法。方法治疗股骨髁上与髁间骨折35例,采用手术用股骨髁支持钢板内固定,术后早期指导功能锻炼。结果所有患者随访观察时间10个月～24个月,大部分病例恢复较好,经评分标准评定,优良率为94.3％。结论股骨髁上与髁间骨折以手术用股骨髁支持钢板内固定为可靠的治疗方法,功能恢复较好。     

DCS治疗股骨髁上及髁间骨折

自2000年至2003年,本院应用动力髁螺钉(DCS)治疗股骨髁上及髁间骨折共28例,取得了满意的治疗效果.现报告如下.     

Hazards and complications of endoscopic transurethral ureterolithotripsy and lithoextraction and means of prevention

Complications related to ureterolithotomy and ultrasonic ureterolithotripsy performed under the control of visual endoscope were analyzed in 86 ureterolithiasis patients, methods of their prevention discussed. All the aforementioned complications were distributed into three groups: inapplicability of surgery due to anatomic and functional defects of lower and upper urinary tracts, intraoperative, and postoperative complications. The commonest ones were ureteral abruption and perforation, acute pyelonephritis, temporary vesicoureteral reflux. Their control measures were considered as relative methods of treatment: immediate surgical intervention in case of ureteral abruption, renal catheterization in patients with insignificant ureteral perforation or acute pyelonephritis. Adequate ureteroscopy, careful consideration of pro- and contraindications, catheterization of renal pelvis and urinary bladder performed within 2-3 days after the surgery and adequate antibacterial therapy are the most decisive steps in the control of aforementioned complications.     

牙体牙弓颌骨阻力中心及其临床意义

牙体、牙弓及颌骨的阻力中心在正畸矫治力系统中具有重要的意义,也是正畸学领域争论较多的一个问题。Dermaut等研究表明,当力作用于物体阻力中心时,物体将发生平动,否则将发生平动和转动的复合运动。目前,国内外多数学者认为牙体、牙弓及颌骨存在阻力中心,但其位置存在争议。本文就牙体、牙弓及颌骨的阻力中心及其临床意义作一综述。     

Characterisation and differentiation of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas - presence and expression of collagen types I and II

AIM: Chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas are rare benign skeletal neoplasms with reported overlapping histology. Aim of this study was to analyse the biochemical composition of the matrix of these tumour entities in order to further characterise the cellular phenotypes of these neoplasms using typical cell biological marker genes. METHODS: The matrix compositions of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas were analyzed by HE-histology, histochemistry, and immunolocalization techniques. Cellular gene expression patterns were detected by mRNA in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Chondroblastomas are rich in collagen type I and show foci of an osteoid-like matrix, whereas collagen type II as a typical marker of chondrocytic differentiation was not detected in any of the specimens. Chondromyxoidfiibromas had foci of chondroid appearance with chondroblastic cellular differentiation characterised by collagen type II expression. CONCLUSION: These results characterise chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas as skeletal neoplasms that have a different biology and which can be distinguished by matrix protein expression products: collagen type II, the typical marker of chondroblast differentiation, could only be detected in chondromyxoidfibromas, but not in chondroblastomas. Thus, both neoplasms are clearly different on the cell biological level.     

Histochemical and contractile properties of striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of dogs and sheep

AIMS: To understand their possible importance in long- and short-term control of continence, some properties of the striated muscles of the urethra and pelvic floor (levator ani) of dogs and sheep were investigated, especially fiber types and contractile characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of 29 male and 6 female dogs and 11 male and 6 female sheep were removed and cut into strips. Some strips were frozen and stained for ATPase at pH 9.4 and 4.3 for fiber typing; others were set up in an organ bath to study contractile responses to nerve stimulation. RESULTS: All muscles contained both type I (slow) and type II fibers, ranging from 97% type II in female greyhound urethra to 60% in female sheep levator ani. For each muscle, there were fewer type II muscles in sheep than in dog. The diameters of the urethral fibers were about 60% of the levator ani in dogs and 34% in sheep. Contraction of the urethral muscle was faster than for levator ani and declined to about 80% of the peak, 500 msec after the beginning of stimulation at 20 Hz. The levator ani contraction rose to a steady level as long as stimulation continued. CONCLUSIONS: Both the levator ani and urethral striated muscles contain slow and fast fiber types. The levator ani muscles are capable of sustained contraction with rapid onset which will produce long-term closure of the urethra. The circular urethral muscle contraction was faster but less well maintained.     

Incorporation and release of85Sr and14C-proline-hydroxyproline in mineral and collagen of bone and incisor teeth of growing rats

The extent to which exchange and reutilization processes of mineral tracers affect skeletal mineral accretion and resorption measurements was evaluated by comparing the rates of appearance and disappearance of⁸⁵Sr and¹⁴C-proline-hydroxyproline in bones and teeth in growing rats for 12 days following simultaneous parenteral injection of these tracers. Expressions for the relative rates of collagen synthesis and breakdown, which unlike mineral metabolism are considered not to be complicated by exchange phenomena, were based on¹⁴C-proline conversion to¹⁴C-hydroxyproline; the specific activity of the latter was determined. Both the mineral and the collagen specific activities reflected the rates and patterns of growth of the samples assayed; rapid growth and a short interval of time between formation and resorption of tissue in themetaphyseal bone which contains the cartilagineous growth plate, slow growth and an interval of time between formation and resorption of tissue indiaphyseal bone and incisor teeth which is longer than the 12 days of the experiment. However, in metaphyseal bone the specific activity collagen/mineral ratio dropped by one half during the 4–12 day interval in contrast to diaphyseal bone and incisor teeth in which no change in this ratio was observed during this period of time. The data indicate that collagen in the metaphyseal growth zone is removed by resorption before it has become fully mineralized, and that exchange is a relatively unimportant factor in the long term kinetics of bone mineral.

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Zusammenfassung Das Ausmaß, bis zu welchem Austausch- und Wiederverwendungsprozesse der mineralen Tracer die Messungen des mineralen Skelett-Auf- und Abbaues beeinflussen können, wurde ausgewertet; zu diesem Zweck wurde die Geschwindigkeit des Auftretens und Verschwindens von⁸⁵Sr und von¹⁴C-Prolin-Hydroxyprolin in Knochen und Zähnen von wachsenden Ratten während der 12 auf die simultane parenterale Injektion dieser Tracer folgenden Tage verglichen.Der Ausdruck für die relative Geschwindigkeit des Kollagen-Auf- und Abbaues, bei welchem im Gegensatz zum Mineralmetabolismus kein Mitwirken des Austauschphänomens vermutet wird, basiert auf der Umwandlung von¹⁴C-Prolin zu¹⁴C-Hydroxyprolin; die spezifische Aktivität des letzteren wurde bestimmt.Aus der spezifischen Aktivität des Minerals sowie jener des Kollagens konnten die Geschwindigkeit und die Art des Wachstums der untersuchten Proben ersehen werden, d.h.schnelles Wachstum und ein kurzes Zeitintervall zwischen Bildung und Resorption des Gewebes imKnochen der Metaphyse, die auch die knorpelige Wachstumsplatte enthält, und andererseitslangsames Wachstum und längeres Zeitintervall (länger als die 12 Tage des Experimentes) zwischen Bildung und Resorption des Gewebes imKnochen der Diaphyse und in den Schneidezähnen. Immerhin fiel die spezifische Aktivität des Kollagen/Mineral-Anteils im Knochen der Metaphyse während dem 4–12tägigen Zeitintervall auf die Hälfte, im Gegensatz zum Knochen der Diaphyse und der Schneidezähne, bei welchen während dieser Zeitspanne kein Unterschied in diesem Verhältnis beobachtet wurde.Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, daß Kollagen in der Wachstumszone der Metaphyse durch Resorption verschwindet, bevor es ganz mineralisiert ist, und daß der Austausch ein relativ unwichtiger Faktor in der Kinetik auf lange Sicht des Knochenminerals ist.