胃癌患者复发恐惧及其与抑郁的相关性研究

目的 探讨胃癌患者癌症复发恐惧及其与抑郁之间的关系,为进一步干预提供依据。方法 采用一般资料问卷、癌症患者恐惧疾病进展简化量表（FoP - Q - SF）、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对212例胃癌患者进行调查分析。结果 胃癌患者癌症复发恐惧总得分(35.43±10.44)分,抑郁程度得分为（57.05±9.52）分。FoP - Q - SF各维度与SDS各维度均呈正相关;多重线性回归分析显示患者年龄、病程、家庭人均收入、FoP - Q - SF是抑郁的影响因素,可解释总体变异度的58.5%,其中FoP - Q - SF独立影响抑郁水平总体变异的36.7%。结论 本研究中胃癌患者癌症复发恐惧处于中等水平,推测可通过降低复发恐惧水平来降低抑郁的发生。     

An integrated psychological strategy for advanced colorectal cancer patients

Background

Interpretations of profile and preference based measure scores can differ. Profile measures often use a norm-based scoring algorithm where each scale is scored to have a standardized mean and standard deviation, relative to the general population scores/norms (i.e., norm-based). Preference-based index measures generate an overall scores on the conventional scale in which 0.00 is assigned to dead and 1.00 is assigned to perfect health. Our objective was to investigate the interpretation of norm-based scoring of generic health status measures in a population of adults with type 1 diabetes by comparing norm-based health status scores and preference-based health-related quality of life (HRQL) scores.

Methods

Data were collected through self-complete questionnaires sent to patients with type 1 diabetes. The RAND-36 and the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI3) were included.

Results

A total of 216 (61%) questionnaires were returned. The respondent sample was predominantly female (58.8%); had a mean (SD) age of 37.1 (14.3) years and a mean duration of diabetes of 20.9 (12.4) years. Mean (SD) health status scores were: RAND-36 PHC 47.9 (9.4), RAND-36 MHC 47.2 (11.8), and HUI3 0.78 (0.23). Histograms of these scores show substantial left skew. HUI3 scores were similar to those previously reported for diabetes in the general Canadian population. Physical and mental health summary scores of the RAND-36 suggest that this population is as healthy as the general adult population.

Conclusion

In this sample, a preference-based measure indicated poorer health, consistent with clinical evidence, whereas a norm-based measure indicated health similar to the average for the general population. Norm-based scoring measure may provide misleading interpretations in populations when health status is not normally distributed.     

术前肠内免疫营养对结肠癌病人免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨术前应用肠内免疫营养支持对结肠癌病人免疫功能的影响. 方法:将40例结肠癌病人随机分为两组,每组20例.试验组术前给予瑞能肠内免疫营养支持7 d,对照组术前常规饮食准备.观察术前和术后免疫指标以及术后感染性并发症的发生率及住院时间. 结果:术后两组病人各项免疫指标水平均有不同程度下降,但试验组手术前后各项指标无显著性差异;而对照组术后第3天的外周血淋巴细胞总数、CD4 /CD8 和术后第7 天的淋巴细胞总数、CD3 、CD4 、CD4 /CD8 、血清IgG、IgM水平均较入院时显著降低(P＜0.05);试验组术后第7天淋巴细胞总数、CD3 、CD4 、CD4 /CD8 和血清IgG、IgM水平明显高于对照组(P＜0.05);试验组术后感染性并发症的发生率显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);两组住院时间无显著性差异(P＞0.05). 结论:术前使用肠内免疫营养制剂,能明显改善结肠癌病人的免疫状况,减少术后感染性并发症的发生.     

Irinotecan--experience with second-line treatment in advanced colorectal cancer]

The prognosis for patients with advanced colorectal cancer who fail to respond to a 5-FU based therapy is poor. About 7% response rate can be achieved with second line therapeutic regiments, the overall survival is about 6-7 months. The aim of authors was to assess the efficacy and toxicity profile of irinotecan (CAMPTO) in patients with advanced colorectal cancer, resistant to 5-FU based chemotherapy. From October 1996 to November 1998 19 previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer patients with documented progression were recruited. Irinotecan was given at a dose of 350 mg/m2 i.v. over 90 min. every 3 week. Tumor response and toxicity were assessed using WHO criteria. Median age: 59.7 years (42-72). Tumor sites: 12/19 colon, 7/19 rectum. 11/19 patients had 1 metastatic site, 8/19 had 2 or more metastatic sites. CR: 0/19, PR: 3/19, MR: 2/19, SD: 10/19, PD: 4/19. Median time to progression was 9.1 months (range 1.5-22). The overall median survival was 15.5 months (range 2.5-37). Grade 3-4 delayed diarrhoea occurred in 26.3% of patients. Grade 3 neutropenia occurred in 15.7% of patients. Preliminary results confirm the clinical value of irinotecan in 5-FU resistant metastatic colorectal cancer with tolerable toxicity profile. Irinotecan should be considered as the basic chemotherapeutic agent for second line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer.     

冠心病患者血清中晚期糖基化终产物与动脉硬化的关系

目的探讨冠心病(CAD)患者血清中晚期糖基化终产物(AGEs)与动脉硬化的关系。方法采用日本科林公司生产的VP1000动脉硬化检测仪测定189例CAD患者、164例冠心病合并高血压(CAD&HP)患者和198例年龄相当的健康对照者的臂-踝动脉脉搏波传导速度(baPWV)。应用ELISA法检测受试者外周血清中AGEs含量。结果 CAD&HP组与CAD组及CTRL组相比AGEs、baPWV均显著升高(P<0.001);使用ROC曲线分析法AGEs预测CAD的最佳临界值为145.5ng/mL,其敏感性为71.1%,特异性为96.5%;Logistic回归分析提示AGEs、baPWV均为CAD的一项重要危险因素(P=0.011;P=0.017);相关分析提示血清AGEs水平与baPWV呈显著正相关(r=0.544,P<0.001)。结论血清AGEs为CAD发病的一项独立危险因素,可能通过影响大动脉血管重构导致动脉硬化,从而促进冠心病的发生发展。     

Relationship between subjective and actigraphy-measured sleep in 237 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer

Objective

Patients with cancers frequently experience sleep and circadian dysfunction. To date, only a few studies have used both a questionnaire and actigraphy for concomitant evaluation of sleep and circadian function in patients with cancer. We sought to evaluate objective sleep and circadian parameters in metastatic colon cancer (MCC) patients and their associations with symptoms and quality of life (QOL).

Methods

Patients reported subjective sleep problems on the EORTC QLQ-C30. Sleep and circadian parameters were calculated using a wrist-actigraph that patients wore for 72 h.

Results

237 Patients with MCC (mean age: 60.4 years; range: 20.7–77.6; Male/Female ratio: 1.66) participated in this cross-sectional study. Subjective sleep problems were reported by 63.4% of patients (S+). No differences in any sleep parameters (sleep efficiency, sleep latency, total sleep time, total time in bed, wake after sleep onset, activity bathyphase) were observed between S+ and S? patients. However, S+ patients displayed a significantly worse circadian function than S? patients (96.4 vs 98.1%; p = 0.005). The presence of poor subjective sleep and objective circadian dysfunction negatively affected symptoms and QOL domains (p = 0.038).

Conclusions

Subjective report of sleep problems was not associated with worse objectively measured sleep parameters in patients with MCC although it was associated with disrupted circadian rest-activity rhythm and poorer QOL. These findings coincide with prior research in cancer patients in that an inconsistent relationship exists between subjective and objective sleep measurements on some sleep domains. This study supports the value of coupled evaluation of self-reported and objective measures of sleep and circadian function in cancer patients.

     

腹腔镜手术对结直肠癌患者氧化应激反应及免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨结直肠癌患者应用腹腔镜手术治疗对氧化应激反应及免疫功能的影响。方法 选取2018年7月—2020年1月于我院就诊的84例结直肠癌患者,采用随机数字表法分为两组,每组各42例。对照组采用开腹根治术治疗,观察组采用腹腔镜根治术治疗。对比两组氧化应激反应[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、血浆丙二醛(MDA)]和免疫功能[CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+],以及并发症发生情况。结果 观察组SOD水平为(91.75±6.37)U/mL高于对照组的(70.26±5.49)U/mL,MDA水平为(5.11±0.93)nmol/mL低于对照组的(7.49±1.06)nmol/mL,差异有统计学意义(t=16.562、10.938,P＜0.001);观察组CD4+水平为(45.78±8.62)%、CD8+水平为(29.26±5.66)%、CD4+/CD8+水平为(1.13±0.15),高于对照组的(28.69±6.39)%、(22.36±4.25)%、(0.97±0.02)%,差异有统计学意义(t=10.328、6.318、6.852,P＜0.001);观察组并发症发生率(4.76%)较对照组(21.42%)低,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.126,P=0.024)。结论 结直肠癌患者应用腹腔镜手术治疗可有效减轻氧化应激反应,对免疫功能影响较小,并发症发生率较少,利于患者术后恢复。     

精氨酸对大肠癌患者免疫功能及肿瘤细胞增殖活性的影响

目的探讨精氨酸(Arg)对大肠癌患者免疫功能及肿瘤细胞增殖活性的影响. 方法大肠癌患者34例,随机分2组.实验组静脉输注Arg 25 g/d、连续3 d.检测细胞免疫指标T细胞亚群,NK细胞活性,淋巴细胞转化率;红细胞免疫指标C3b受体花环率(C3bERR),免疫复合物花环率(ICR), 循环免疫复合物(CIC)以及体液免疫指标.免疫组织化学方法和流式细胞仪研究肿瘤细胞增殖活性的变化. 结果实验组CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、NK细胞活性、C3bRR均有提高,尤以CD4+、NK细胞活性提高明显(P<0.01);淋巴细胞转化率和CIC亦有改善,但仅组内比较差异显著(P<0.05); C3bRR变化与NK细胞活性变化之间呈正相关(r=0.5804,P<0.05);增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)表达显著下降,由55.8%降至42.6%,(P<0.01),S期%及(S+G2+M)期%亦显著降低(P<0.05),而对照组各指标均无显著变化(P>0.05). 结论短期应用药理剂量的Arg可以改善大肠癌患者的细胞免疫、红细胞免疫指标,抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖活性.     

胃癌患者焦虑/抑郁及其与生命意义关系的研究

目的 调查胃癌患者焦虑/抑郁水平,探讨其与生命意义（meaning of life,MOL）之间的关系。方法 采用病例对照的研究方法,对165例25~83岁于三级甲等医院肿瘤科住院的胃癌患者和同期165例门诊确诊为浅表性胃炎患者,用心理弹性量表、MOL量表、医院焦虑抑郁量表、一般资料调查表进行调查。结果 胃癌患者焦虑/抑郁水平较高,MOL水平较低;MOL和胃癌患者焦虑/抑郁呈负相关（r=-0.291,P<0.001）;MOL在心理弹性和胃癌患者焦虑/抑郁之间起中介作用。结论 MOL的重构可以增强患者心理弹性,对胃癌患者焦虑、抑郁情绪有预测作用。这一发现有助于为胃癌患者焦虑、抑郁的预防及临床研究提供新的思路及参考依据。     

术前营养不良对结直肠癌患者术后感染及免疫功能的影响

目的分析术前营养不良对结直肠癌患者术后感染及免疫功能的影响,为结直肠癌手术患者术前营养状况评估及营养支持治疗提供参考。方法选择2014年2月-2015年2月医院收治的结直肠癌患者119例作为研究对象,所有患者均择期行结直肠癌根治术,术前2d对患者行营养风险调查,根据调查结果将患者分为营养不良组64例和营养状况正常组55例;比较两组患者术前、术后1周T淋巴细胞(CD3+、CD_4~+、CD_8~+、CD_4~+/CD_8~+)、炎症因子[C-反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)]水平和术后1个月内感染率。结果营养不良组患者术前T淋巴细胞(CD3+、CD_4~+、CD_4~+/CD_8~+)比例低于营养正常组,其中CD_8~+比例高于营养正常组,两组比较有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者术前CRP、PCT比较无统计学意义;术后1周两组T淋巴细胞(CD3+、CD_4~+、CD_4~+/CD_8~+)比例均较术前下降,CD_8~+较术前增加(P<0.05);术后两组患者CRP、PCT均高于术前,且营养不良组高于营养正常组(P<0.05);术后1个月内营养不良组患者发生医院感染9例(14.06%),营养正常组发生3例(5.45%),营养不良组患者术后感染率高于营养正常组(P<0.05)。结论术前营养不良可降低结直肠癌手术患者的免疫功能,增加术后感染的风险,临床应重视结直肠癌患者术前营养不良问题,尽可能在营养状况得到改善的前提下实施手术,以期降低术后感染率的发生,提高患者预后。     

Association between prognostic awareness and quality of life in patients with advanced cancer

Purpose

Despite the current guidelines supporting open communication about serious news, the evidence about the impact of prognostic awareness on the quality of life in cancer patients is not clear. The aim of this study was to assess the association between quality of life and prognostic awareness in patients with advanced cancer.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study which involved patients (n?=?129) with incurable advanced cancer (estimated by oncologist using 12-month surprise question). Data were collected at oncology departments at 3 hospitals using structured interview in which patients were asked about their quality of life (using Integrated Palliative Outcome Scale—IPOS and a single-item global measure), prognostic awareness, information needs and demographics.

Results

Only 16% of the sample was completely aware of prognosis and 57% was partially aware. Accurate prognostic awareness was significantly associated (p?=?0.02) with lower level of quality of life between (when measured by both the IPOS and the single-item scale) patients with accurate prognostic awareness (M?=?37.1; 10.4) and partially aware (M?=?31.9; 9.1) and unaware patients (M?=?30; 7.4). Detailed analysis showed that significant difference between groups was found only for physical symptoms subscales (p?=?0.002), not for emotional and communication subscales.

Conclusion

Prognostic awareness was found to be negatively associated with physical domain of quality of life, but not with emotional and communication domains. More research is needed on personality factors that might influence the development of prognostic awareness and quality of life.

     

结直肠癌患者术后感染的病原学特点及免疫功能的变化

目的探讨结直肠癌患者术后感染的病原学特点,分析患者免疫功能指标及炎症因子水平变化。方法选取2015年1月-2017年12月在医院行手术治疗的结直肠癌患者为研究对象,87例术后感染患者为感染组。95例未发生感染患者为对照组。统计感染组患者感染部位和病原学特点;测定并比较两组患者免疫功能和炎症因子水平变化。结果 87例结直肠癌术后感染患者,其中手术部位感染率最高,47例占54.02%,其次为上呼吸道和下呼吸道感染。术后感染患者临床送检标本共检出病原菌90株,其中革兰阴性菌的比例为65.56%(59/90),革兰阳性菌的比例为25.56%(23/90)。感染组患者免疫功能指标CD8+T淋巴细胞、NK细胞水平均低于对照组,CD4+T淋巴细胞水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。感染组患者炎症因子白介素-10(IL-10)水平低于对照组,降钙素原(PCT)水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论结直肠癌术后感染可降低患者免疫功能,刺激炎症因子释放,术后感染以革兰阴性菌为主要致病菌。     

谷氨酰胺和精氨酸对围手术期结直肠肿瘤病人免疫功能和营养状况的影响

目的:探讨谷氨酰胺(Gln)和精氨酸(Arg)对围手术期结直肠肿瘤病人免疫功能和营养状况的影响.方法:将62例结直肠肿瘤病人随机分为对照组和研究组,每组31例.对照组病人行肠外营养(PN),研究组行PN加Gln和Arg,观察结直肠肿瘤病人术前3d、术后第2和第7天免疫反应和营养状态的变化.结果:术后第7天,研究组病人血清免疫球蛋白A水平、CD4/CD8比值和体重指数(BMI)明显高于对照组和术前3d,而血液C-反应蛋白和肿瘤坏死因子-α水平明显低于对照组和术前3d.血清总蛋白、清蛋白、前清蛋白、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、CD4、CD8、IgG、IgM水平变化无显著性差异.结论:Gln和Arg可提高围手术期结直肠肿瘤病人机体免疫应答,减轻炎性反应,调节肿瘤病人的代谢异常.     

Evaluation of nutritional and inflammatory status of advanced colorectal cancer patients and its correlation with survival

The purpose of this study was to evaluate novel inflammatory and nutritional prognostic factors in patients with advanced colorectal cancer (ACRC). All ACRC patients attending the clinic for palliative treatment were eligible for study. Demographics, including performance status (PS), C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin (Alb), Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), weight, weight history, body mass index (BMI), and nutritional status using the patient-generated subjective global assessment (PGSGA), were collected and correlated with survival. At a median follow-up of 29.8 mo, with a minimum follow-up of 15.7 mo, the median survival was 9.9 mo (0.8-21.8 mo). Fifteen (29%) patients were newly diagnosed (stage IV colorectal cancer), and 36 (71%) had received prior chemotherapy. Although the median BMI was 27 kg/m2 (range = 17-41 kg/m2), 28 of 50 (56%) were nutritionally at risk. In fact, 19 patients (38%) were critically in need of nutrition intervention (PGSGA score of > or =9). Thirty-three of 48 patients (69%) had an elevated CRP (>10 mg/l with a median of 21.1 mg/L), and 7 patients (15%) had both a CRP of >10 mg/l and hypoalbuminemia (< 35 g/l). A significant positive correlation was found between PGSGA score and CRP (P = 0.003; r = 0.430). Using univariate analysis, significantly worse survival was found for patients with poorer PS (P = 0.001), high GPS (P = 0.04), low Alb (P = 0.017), elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP; P = 0.018), PGSGA score of > 9 (P = 0.001), and PGSGA group B/C (P = 0.02). Using the Cox proportional hazard model for multivariate survival analysis, type of treatment (hazard ratio, HR = 1.48; 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.11-1.79; P = 0.005), PS (HR = 2.37; 95% CI = 1.11-5.09; P = 0.026), GPS (HR = 2.27; 95% CI = 1.09-4.73; P = 0.028), and SAP (HR = 0.44; 95% CI = 0.18-1.07; P =0.069) remained significant predictors of survival. These preliminary data suggest that the type of treatment, PS, GPS, and SAP are important predictors of survival in ACRC.     

晚期非小细胞肺癌患者化疗对免疫功能的影响

目的探讨化疗对晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者免疫功能的影响,分析化疗导致的不良反应与免疫功能和肺部感染的相关性,提高晚期NSCLC化疗患者的生命质量和治疗的耐受性。方法回顾性分析2009年1月-2012年6月127例Ⅲ~Ⅳ期的NSCLC行化疗治疗患者临床资料,评价其治疗后的不良反应,采用流式细胞仪检测CD3+、CD4+、CD8+和CD4+/CD8+比值,统计肺部感染发生率,并分析肺部感染的相关危险因素。结果33例发生肺部感染,发生率为25.98%;化疗后不良反应主要以消化道症状为主,发生率为44.80%,其中Ⅰ~Ⅱ度占18.90%,Ⅲ~Ⅳ度占25.98%;白细胞减少发生率为37.79%,其中Ⅰ~Ⅱ度占14.96%、Ⅲ~Ⅳ度占22.83%;治疗后CD3+、CD4+、CD8+和CD4+/CD8+比值均明显下降,与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);logistic回归分析显示,年龄、白细胞减少、化疗疗程、肿瘤分期和CD4+/CD8+降低是肺部感染的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论晚期NSCLC患者化疗后的骨髓抑制和免疫功能下降是造成肺部感染的主要原因。