特发性黄斑裂孔手术前后矫正视力及多焦视网膜电图比较

目的 观察特发性黄斑裂孔(IMH)玻璃体切割手术(PPV)联合吲哚青绿(ICG)辅助内界膜剥除治疗前后的矫正视力及多焦视网膜电图(mfERG)的改变.方法 回顾分析我科接受PPV联合0.25%ICG辅助内界膜剥除治疗的特发性黄斑裂孔患者19例19只眼的临床资料.所有患眼手术前裂孔情况和手术后2个月裂孔闭合情况均以OCT检查为依据.采用VERIS Science 4.9视觉诱发反应图像系统观察手术前及手术后2、6、12个月患者mfERG6个环形视网膜区域mfERG的P1波振幅密度,同时分析比较手术前后最佳矫正视力的改变情况.结果 手术后2个月,OCT检查显示16例16只眼黄斑裂孔闭合,占84.21%;3例3只眼黄斑裂孔未闭合,占15.79%.手术后最佳矫正视力较手术前提高,其中以手术后2个月提高幅度最大(F=6.389,P=0.045).手术后2、6、12个月mfERG各环P1波振幅较手术前均明显降低,其差异均有统计学意义(t=6.140,P＜0.05).结论 IMH患者手术后最佳矫正视力提高;手术后P1波振幅较手术前降低.     

Multifocal electroretinogram findings after intravitreal bevacizumab injection in choroidal neovascularization of age-related macular degeneration

Purpose

To evaluate the changes in multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) after intravitreal bevacizumab injection in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods

Twenty-one eyes with choroidal neovascularization secondary to AMD were studied before and after intravitreal bevacizumab injection for best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), OCT, and mfERG.

Results

The BCVA improved, while central macular thickness and total macular volume in OCT decreased after intravitreal bevacizumab injection (p = 0.03, 0.01, and 0.01, respectively). In mfERG, the amplitude of P1, and implicit time of P1 and N1 indicated a statistically significant improvement of retinal response after intravitreal bevacizumab injection.

Conclusions

There is a potential role for mfERG in evaluating the effect on retinal function of intravitreal bevacizumab injection.     

Microstructural morphology and visual acuity outcome in eyes with epiretinal membrane before, during, and after membrane peeling in intraoperative optical coherence tomography assisted macular surgery

AIM: To measure the difference of intraoperative central macular thickness (CMT) before, during, and after membrane peeling and investigate the influence of intraoperative macular stretching on postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) outcome and postoperative CMT development. METHODS: A total of 59 eyes of 59 patients who underwent vitreoretinal surgery for epiretinal membrane was analyzed. Videos with intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) were recorded. Difference of intraoperative CMT before, during, and after peeling was measured. Pre- and postoperatively obtained BCVA and spectral-domain OCT images were analyzed. RESULTS: Mean age of the patients was 70±8.13y (range 46-86y). Mean baseline BCVA was 0.49±0.27 logMAR (range 0.1-1.3). Three and six months postoperatively the mean BCVA was 0.36±0.25 (P=0.01 vs baseline) and 0.38±0.35 (P=0.08 vs baseline) logMAR respectively. Mean stretch of the macula during surgery was 29% from baseline (range 2%-159%). Intraoperative findings of macular stretching did not correlate with visual acuity outcome within 6mo after surgery (r=-0.06, P=0.72). However, extent of macular stretching during surgery significantly correlated with less reduction of CMT at the fovea centralis (r=-0.43, P<0.01) and 1 mm nasal and temporal from the fovea (r=-0.37, P=0.02 and r=-0.50, P<0.01 respectively) 3mo postoperatively. CONCLUSION: The extent of retinal stretching during membrane peeling may predict the development of postoperative central retinal thickness, though there is no correlation with visual acuity development within the first 6mo postoperatively.     

视网膜内界膜剥离治疗糖尿病黄斑水肿的 疗效观察

目的 评价视网膜内界膜（ILM）剥离对糖尿病黄斑水肿患者手术后视力恢复的影响。探讨吲哚青绿（ICG）在ILM剥离术中的作用。 方法 对30例（31只眼）增生期糖尿病视网膜病变伴黄斑水肿患者行玻璃体切割治疗。患者随机分成两组，A组：单纯玻璃体切割16只眼，手术中行全视网膜光凝及20%SF6眼内填充；B组：玻璃体切割加吲哚青绿(ICG)染色ILM剥离15只眼，在A组术式基础上手术中增加ICG染色后极部ILM，并行ILM剥离。所有患者手术后保持面朝下体位10~14 d。患者定期随访3~12个月。 结果 A组16只眼中，视力提高2行或2行以上10只眼（62.5%），黄斑水肿消退9只眼（56.2%），手术后光相干断层扫描检查黄斑厚度平均393 μm。B组15只眼中视力提高2行或2行以上14只眼（93.3%），黄斑水肿消退14只眼(93.3%)，黄斑厚度平均319 μm。B组手术后视力提高明显优于A组（X²=4.210，P=0.05 Fisher确切检验法）；B组患者手术后黄斑区视网膜厚度明显低于A组（P<0.01独立秩和检验）。手术标本证实为ILM。 结论 玻璃体切割术是治疗糖尿病黄斑水肿的有效方法，ILM剥离能明显提高手术的疗效；ICG能较好地染色ILM，使ILM的剥离更加安全确切。(中华眼底病杂志,2005,21:138-141)     

Multifocal electroretinography and fluorescein angiography in retinal vein occlusion

PURPOSE: To interpret the responses of multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) of the central macula in retinal vein occlusion and correlate them with findings of fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and visual acuity. METHODS: In a prospective observational case series, 25 patients with branch or hemiretinal vein occlusion were examined by means of mfERG, fluorescein angiography, OCT, and visual acuity. RESULTS: In eyes with macular ischemia shown by fluorescein angiography, the implicit time was significantly longer than that in eyes without macular ischemia (P = 0.006; Mann-Whitney test). The amplitudes in the first-order kernel responses in the ischemic eyes were more reduced (P = 0.04; Mann-Whitney test), and the amplitudes in the central macula correlated well with visual acuity (P = 0.006; Pearson correlation). There was no significant correlation between the degree of retinal thickening as measured by OCT and the mfERG responses, although there was a trend toward reduced amplitudes in the maculae with central retinal thickening (P = 0.08; Pearson correlation). CONCLUSION: Macular ischemia as measured by fluorescein angiography correlates well with the prolonged implicit time on the first-order kernel response in mfERG, but no significant correlation was detected between the responses of mfERG and the OCT findings. Further investigations will demonstrate if this can be used as a prognostic instrument in the selection of patients, who will most likely benefit from future treatments.     

Functional and structural measurements for the assessment of internal limiting membrane peeling in idiopathic macular pucker

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of structural and functional measurements in the assessment of internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling for the treatment of eyes with macular pucker. METHODS: Ten patients with macular pucker who underwent pars plana vitrectomy with ILM peeling were studied prospectively. Visual acuity measurement, standard automated achromatic perimetry, multifocal electroretinography (mfERG), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed before and 3 months after surgery. Four surgical samples obtained from similar patients were analyzed with electron microscopy. RESULTS: Three months after surgery, mean visual acuity +/- SD was significantly improved from 0.4 +/- 0.11 logMAR to 0.19 +/- 0.13 logMAR (P < or = 0.002), and mean central retinal thickness +/- SD was significantly decreased 428 +/- 73 microm to 326 +/- 34 microm (P < or = 0.002). The mfERG response amplitudes were slightly decreased in eight patients, and five of these patients also had asymptomatic decreases in visual field sensitivity. The electron micrographs revealed segments of Müller cell footplates on the retinal side of the ILM in all four specimens. CONCLUSION: In this study, the use of mfERG, OCT, and standard automated achromatic perimetry showed changes in macular function and structure postoperatively. These measures of visual function and structure allow for better evaluation of the surgical outcome and understanding of the changes that may occur after ILM peeling.     

玻璃体手术治疗弥漫性非牵引性糖尿病性黄斑水肿的临床效果

目的 探讨玻璃体切除联合视网膜内界膜剥除术治疗弥漫性非牵引性糖尿病性黄斑水肿的临床疗效.方法 回顾性病例系列研究.回顾性分析21例(21只眼)弥漫性非牵引性糖尿病性黄斑水肿患者的临床资料.所有患者均进行了玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除术.患者手术前与手术后的黄斑厚度比较,采用定量资料配对t检验;术前与术后不同时间的视力呈非正态分布,采用Wilcoxon秩和检验.结果 患者术后随访12～24个月,平均16个月.术后1个月黄斑厚度由术前的(406±59)μm下降至(291±67)μm(t=9.26),术后3个月黄斑厚度(279±66)μm(t=16.09),术后6个月黄斑厚度(278±71)μm(t=10.15),术后12个月黄斑厚度(280±77)μm(t=9.46),术前与术后不同时间的黄斑厚度比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);表明手术后黄斑水肿情况均有不同程度改善.手术后最终随访,最佳矫正视力改善8例(38.1%),不变11例(52.4%),下降2例(9.5%),术后与术前最佳矫正视力比较差异无统计学意义(Z=1.695,P＞0.01).结论 玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除术能有效减轻弥漫性非牵引性糖尿病性黄斑水肿患者的黄斑厚度,但多数患者术后视力无明显改善.(中华眼科杂志,2011,47:492-496)

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling in the treatment of diffuse nontractional diabetic macular edema. Methods It was a retrospective case series study. Clinical records of 21 consecutive patients (21 eyes) with diffuse diabetic macular edema without macular traction were reviewed. All patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling. Main outcome measurements included pre- and postoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual acuity. Results Postoperative follow-up ranged from 12 to 24 months (mean, 16.3 months). Mean preoperative foveal thickness significantly decreased from (406±59) μm to (291±67) μm at 1 months after surgery (t=9.26,P<0.01), and further decreased to (280±77) μm at 12 months (t=9.46,P<0.01). No differences in visual acuity between preoperative and postoperative were found during follow-up periods. The final best-corrected visual acuity improved in 8 (38.1%) of the 21 eyes, remained unchanged in 11 eyes (52.4%), and decreased in 2 eyes (9.5%). Conclusions Pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling appears to be beneficial in eyes with diffuse nontractional diabetic macular edema in retinal thickness but visual acuity outcomes showed only minimal improvement as compared to the baseline.     

特发性黄斑裂孔手术前后的视力、多焦视网膜电图及光相干断层扫描的变化分析

目的 观察并分析特发性黄斑裂孔（IMH）患者手术前后的视力、多焦视网膜电图（mfERG）及光相干断层扫描（OCT）的变化特征，评估黄斑裂孔手术 疗效。 方法 收集2001年2月～2002年5月在我院行玻璃体切割术治疗IMH 的患者28例（28只眼），分别在手术前和手术后1、3、6、12个月时，对患者行视力、mfERG及OCT检查，并与正常对照组（33只眼）进行比较，对结果进行统计分析。 结果 （1）OCT显示手术后1个月内27只眼（96.43%）黄斑裂孔完全闭合，1年内无复发，1只眼（3.57%）1年内黄斑裂孔始终未闭合。（2）IMH眼手术后1年视力较手术前明显提高（P＜0.01），视力恢复主要在手术后6个月内。（3）IMH眼手术前mfERG一阶函数的1环和2环P1波反应密度明显降低，典型三维地形图呈火山口样改变。手术后1年mfERG一阶函数的1环和2环P1波反应密度不断增加，持续到1年以后，三维地形图表现为中央峰逐渐恢复。手术后12个月时，1环和2环P1波反应密度较手术前明显增加（P＜0.05），但仍然低于正常对照组（P＜0.05）；而3、4、5环P1波反应密度始终未受明显影响（P＞0.05）。（4）27只眼手术后黄斑裂孔完全闭合后，经OCT测量的黄斑中心凹的视网膜神经上皮层（FRNEL）厚度在手术后1～12个月维持不变，且始终低于正常对照组（P＜0.01）。（5）IMH眼手术后12个月时，视力、mfERG一阶函数1环和2环的P1波反应密度、FRNEL之间均呈正相关关系（P＜0.05）。 结论 玻璃体切割术是治疗IMH的有效 方法，视力、mfERG及OCT可以很好地评估黄斑裂孔的手术疗效，且三者间总体上具有一致性 。 （中华眼底病杂志，2004，20：221-225）     

曲安奈德治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿的疗效评估

目的 应用光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence to mo graphy,OCT)和多焦视网膜电流图(multifocal electmretinogram.mfERG),随访观察曲安奈德玻璃体腔注射治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿患者的疗效.方法 对28例视网膜分支静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿患者,于曲安奈德玻璃体腔注射前后进行视力及OCT、nfERG检查,对比分析视力与视网膜神经上皮层厚度及黄斑区视功能变化.结果 :与治疗前相比,视力均有不同幅度的提高;视网膜神经上皮层厚度平均厚度明显降低;中心凹处(1环)P1波振幅密度增加,均与治疗前比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 应用OCT、mfERG随访检查,司以对病情的发展进行有效的跟踪观察,为曲安奈德玻璃体腔注射治疗的疗效提供可靠的依据.     

黄斑水肿的光相干断层扫描分析

目的 观察黄斑水肿的光相干断层扫描（OCT）图像特征；探讨黄斑中心凹厚度与最佳矫正视力之间的关系。 方法 对50例正常对照者以及47例54只经直接、间接检眼镜、三面镜及荧光素眼底血管造影（FFA）诊断为黄斑水肿的患眼进行OCT检查，通过黄斑中心凹的水平或垂直方向线性扫描，测量黄斑中心凹的厚度，对比分析两组受检者的黄斑形态及中心凹厚度值，根据形态学特点对黄斑水肿者的OCT图像进行分类并将其中心凹厚度与其最佳矫正视力进行相关分析。 结果 正常对照组与黄斑水肿组黄斑形态及中心凹厚度差异有显著性的意义。黄斑水肿患眼的OCT图像表现为3种特征，20只眼表现为黄斑区视网膜海绵样肿胀，占37.1%；26只眼表现为黄斑囊样水肿，占48.1%；8只眼表现为浆液性视网膜神经上皮脱离，占14.8%。黄斑水肿者黄斑中心凹厚度与其最佳矫正视力呈负相关（r=－0.569, P=0.000）。 结论 黄斑水肿的OCT图像主要包括视网膜海绵样肿胀、黄斑囊样水肿及神经上皮浆液性脱离。黄斑水肿患者的黄斑中心凹厚度明显增厚，黄斑中心凹厚度越厚，视力越差。 （中华眼底病杂志，2004，20：152-155）     

Assessment of macular function by multifocal electroretinogram in diabetic macular edema before and after vitrectomy

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of vitrectomy on retinal function in macular and paramacualr areas in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME). Ten eyes of 9 patients with successful vitrectomy for DME were evaluated by multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and visual acuity preoperatively and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 months postoperatively. Compared with pretreatment values, the response of the positive wave (P1) in macular and paramacular areas tended to decrease in latency from the second postoperative month, and increase in amplitude at the third postoperative month. There was no significant change in response of the negative wave (N1). The tendency in the change of macular function is coincident with that of macular morphology. Therefore, The multifocal ERG may provide objective criteria for the functional evaluation of DME before and after vitrectomy.     

内界膜剥除与不剥除术治疗特发性黄斑前膜的疗效对比观察

目的 比较单纯黄斑前膜剥除术、黄斑前膜剥除联合黄斑区内界膜剥除术两种手术方法治疗特发性黄斑前膜的疗效,探讨剥除视网膜内界膜对特发性黄斑前膜患者术后影响.方法 回顾分析特发性黄斑前膜患者38只患眼的手术疗效.其中A组：黄斑前膜剥除联合内界膜剥除术18眼,B组：单纯黄斑前膜剥除术20眼.手术后随诊3个月以上,于手术前和手术后3个月时对患者行视力、MERG及OCT检查,分别对每组手术前后临床资料、两组之间临床资料进行分析.结果 手术前两组患者的年龄、视力、黄斑中心凹厚度、MERG的1环和2环P波振幅及潜时均无明显差异.手术后3个月时两组视力较手术前均明显提高,黄斑中心凹厚度较手术前明显降低,A组术后MERG的1环和2环P波振幅明显降低,但术后3个月时两组之间视力、黄斑中心凹厚度、MERG潜时差异无显著性,A组MERG的振幅比B组有明显的降低.结论 黄斑前膜剥除术是治疗特发性黄斑前膜的有效方法,内界膜剥除术在手术后短期内未显示其有效性,需进一步随访观察.     

病理性近视眼的黄斑形态和功能变化特征

目的 综合分析眼底检查、相干光断层扫描(OCT)、多焦视网膜电图(mERG)检查结果并了解病理性近视眼(PM)的黄斑形态和功能变化特征.方法 系列病例报告.确诊且连续观察的病理性近视眼患者共31例(36只眼),按眼轴长度分为两组:A组10例(12只眼),眼轴长度≥30.00 mm;B组21例(24只眼),眼轴长度＜30.00 mm.对所有患者进行A、B超检查、显然验光,眼底检查,黄斑区OCT(包括黄斑区神经上皮层厚度分析)和mERG检查.应用SPSS 11.5统计学软件进行数据分析.两组病理性近视眼的屈光度数、最佳矫正视力及mERG检测的黄斑中心(0°)、颞下、鼻下、鼻上象限P1波平均反应密度(Amp-P1)值的比较,采用独立样本t检验;OCT与眼底检查黄斑病变和后巩膜葡萄肿的阳性检出率比较,采用χ2检验;两组患者黄斑部1～9区视网膜神经上皮层厚度的比较,采用混合效应模型,以分组和区域作为固定效应,受试者作为随机效应;mERG检测的黄斑中心Amp-P1值、眼轴长度、最佳矫正视力及屈光度数间的相关性,采用多元相关分析及多元回归分析.以P＜0.05作为差异有统计学意义.结果 A组:眼轴长度为(31.77±1.27)mm,屈光度数为(-22.92±7.10)D,矫正视力为(0.31±0.25).B组:眼轴长度为(28.64±1.17) mm,屈光度数为(-14.03±5.37)D,矫正视力为(0.55±0.35).两组间屈光度数(t=4.20,P＜0.01)和矫正视力(t=-2.28,P＜0.05)比较,差异均有统计学意义.OCT检查结果显示黄斑分区中1～5区视网膜神经上皮层厚度A组小于B组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.016,0.032,0.048,0.009,0.002).两组mERG黄斑中心(0°)、鼻上、鼻下、颞上、颞下象限Amp-P1值差异有统计学意义(t=3.63,2.71,2.21,2.32,2.64;均P＜0.05).相关分析结果显示mERG黄斑区Amp-P1值与眼轴呈负相关(r=-0.498,P＜0.01),与矫正视力呈正相关(r=0.468,P＜0.01);眼轴长度与屈光度数呈正相关(r=0.800,P＜0.01),与矫正视力呈负相关(r=-0.605,P＜0.01);屈光度数与矫正视力呈负相关(r=-0.616.P＜0.01).结论 病理性近视眼患者眼轴的延长、屈光度数的增加、眼底病变发生率的上升、矫正视力的下降、黄斑部视网膜神经上皮层的变薄,均可导致视功能逐渐下降.综合应用眼底检查、OCT检查、mERG检测能较早发现患者病变并监测病情进展.     

Optical coherence tomography and focal electroretinogram evaluation of cystoid macular edema secondary to retinitis pigmentosa treated with intravitreal triamcinolone: case report

PURPOSE: To assess macular structure and function by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and focal electroretinogram (FERG) before and after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) administration for cystoid macular edema (CME) in a patient with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). METHODS: A 33-year-old man with RP and refractory bilateral macular edema was treated with IVTA in his left eye and evaluated with visual acuity, OCT, and FERG for 6 months. RESULTS. Compared to the fellow eye, after IVTA mean retinal thickness significantly decreased, while FERG amplitude and phase did not show significant changes at the end of follow-up. Visual acuity showed a significant tendency to improve. CONCLUSIONS: In this case report, IVTA improved macular anatomy and visual acuity; this result, however, was not associated with a similar electrophysiologic response.     

视网膜分支动脉阻塞的光相干断层扫描病理形态学改变

目的 观察视网膜分支动脉阻塞（BRAO）的光相干断层扫描（OCT）病理形态学改变特征。 方法 对2002年12月至2005年6月在本中心确诊的BRAO患者26例（26只眼）进行OCT检查，所有患者发病2周内。OCT检查采用水平或垂直线性扫描，扫描部位为黄斑区、后极部视网膜，测量黄斑中心小凹视网膜厚度，用方差分析比较不同阻塞部位黄斑区视网膜厚度，用Pearson相关分析分析视网膜厚度与视力的关系。 结果 26只BRAO眼中，9只眼为颞上支动脉阻塞，8只眼为颞下支动脉阻塞，7只眼为小动脉阻塞，2只眼为睫状视网膜动脉阻塞；OCT活体病理改变的图像特征表现为受阻塞动脉供应的视网膜部位全层视网膜厚度增加、反射增强，光感受器暗区增宽（水肿）；黄斑中心凹水肿不明显；其余部位视网膜OCT图像正常；视网膜颞上支动脉阻塞、视网膜颞下支动脉阻塞和视网膜小动脉阻塞黄斑中心小凹视网膜平均厚度分别是(161.11±17.66)、(148.38±18.48)、(136.29±14.94) μm（F＝4.137，P＝0.031）。24只眼黄斑中心小凹视网膜厚度与视力进行相关分析，r＝0.285，P＝0.176。 结论 OCT可以无创伤地在活体上观察BRAO的视网膜组织病理改变，BRAO黄斑中心小凹视网膜厚度增加不明显且与视力无相关关系。OCT适用于不允许进行FFA检查的高龄或合并全身病的BRAO患者，其独特的活体病理形态改变可以为临床即时诊断提供客观依据。 (中华眼底病杂志，2007，23：173-176)     

Diagnose und Evaluierung von Makulaforamina mit dem HRT 2 Retina Modul

BACKGROUND: This prospective study analyzed the usefulness of the HRT 2 retina module as a diagnostic tool for macular hole diagnosis. The influence of the preoperative status on postoperative anatomic and functional results is also discussed. Preoperative and postoperative retinal tomography maps (HRT 2) were compared with optical coherent tomography (OCT III) and spectral optical coherent tomography (SOCT). METHODS: Fifty eyes of 46 consecutive patients with stage III/IV macular hole underwent vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling and fluid/air exchange. HRT 2, OCT III, and, in eight cases, SOCT images were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean best corrected visual acuity 1 week before surgery was 0.086+/-0.074 (0.01-0.35). The final best corrected visual acuity 12 months after surgery was 0.32+/-0.24 (0.01-1.0). Anatomic success was noted in 46/50 eyes 1 month after the first surgery and in all eyes after the second intervention. In 33/50 eyes (66%), visual acuity improved over two lines. In 13 eyes visual acuity remained stable, and in four eyes worse visual acuity was noted postoperatively. The mean macular hole diameter in HRT 2 was 497.2 microm and in OCT III was 490 microm. Different values were observed in cases of oval macular holes. The mean macular hole area was 0.193 mm(2). The macular hole radius in HRT 2 can be compared with the minimal diameter in OCT III. It influences the final visual acuity 12 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The HRT 2 macular module enables diagnosis of macular hole and evaluation of its postoperative status. This technique has some advantages because it enables measurement of the macular hole's radius, area, and depth. In cases when the macular hole's radius as measured in HRT and OCT III differs, HRT seems to give more exact data because it shows the entire surface rather than just a cross-section of the retina. Macular hole radius and area as measured with HRT 2 can influence postoperative functional results.     

微创玻璃体切割术治疗高度近视性黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的疗效

目的：观察微创玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥除术治疗高度近视性黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离(macular hole retinal detachment,MHRD)的临床效果。

方法：回顾性非随机临床研究。纳入2011-01/2016-12我院高度近视MHRD患者26例26眼,所有患者均行标准三通道经睫状体平坦部23G微创玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥除术。术后定期进行最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)、眼压、裂隙灯眼前节和眼底检查,并用光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)检查黄斑裂孔解剖情况。以发病年龄、裂孔Gass分期、发病天数、裂孔闭合形态(W、V、U型)、初始视力5项作为自变量进行Logistic回归分析,探讨影响术后BCVA的因素。

结果：高度近视MHRD术后黄斑裂孔(macular hole,MH)闭合率为58%。依据OCT图像,将高度近视MHRD术后OCT闭合形态分为3类：U型(3眼),相对正常的中心凹形状; V型(4眼),黄斑中心凹较陡; W型(8眼),黄斑中心凹处神经上皮缺损,但裂孔缘未翘起,无囊腔形成。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,术后预后视力提高与裂孔闭合OCT形态和初始视力相关(P<0.05),术后U型裂孔闭合视力提高是W型的6.9倍。

结论：微创玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥除术是治疗高度近视MHRD的有效方式。高度近视MHRD术后视力提高与黄斑裂孔愈合的OCT形态和初始视力相关。     

Arteriovenous sheathotomy for persistent macular edema in branch retinal vein occlusion

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of arteriovenous (AV) sheathotomy with internal limiting membrane peeling for persistent or recurrent macular edema after intravitreal triamcinolone injection and/or laser photocoagulation in branch retinal vein occlusion. METHODS: Twenty-two eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) with recurrent macular edema underwent vitrectomy with AV sheathotomy and internal limiting membrane peeling. All eyes had previous intravitreal triamcinolone injection and/or laser photocoagulation for macular edema. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) before and after surgery were compared. RESULTS: The mean preoperative BCVA (log MAR) were 0.79 +/- 0.29 and postoperative BCVA (log MAR) at 3 months was 0.57 +/- 0.33. And improvement of visual acuity > or = 2 lines was observed in 10 eyes (45%). The mean preoperative fovea thickness measured by OCT was 595.22 +/- 76.83 microm (510-737 microm) and postoperative fovea thickness was 217.60 +/- 47.33 microm (164-285 microm). CONCLUSIONS: Vitrectomy with AV sheathotomy can be one treatment option for the patients with recurrent macular edema in BRVO.     

多焦视网膜电图在Vogt一小柳原田病急性期及恢复期随访中的应用

背景应用多焦视网膜电图（mfERG）评价急性期Vogt—Koyanagi-Harada（VKH）病的视网膜功能已有研究和报道,但VKH病恢复期mfERG如何变化文献报道不多。目的观察及随访VKH病急性期与恢复期视力及mfERG的变化特点。方法为回顾性临床对照研究设计,纳入在中山大学中山眼科中心确诊为VKH病急性期患者18例35眼,对患者的视力、mfERG及荧光素眼底血管造影（FFA）检查,并对VKH恢复期患者随访18个月,重复上述检查4次,对正常人、VKH急性期和恢复期患者的mfERG结果进行比较。结果本组急性期VKH病患者视力在0．01～1．0之间,仅1眼（2．86％）视力为1．0,91．4％（32／35眼）视力〈0．6,较正常对照组视力下降,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。正常对照组、VKH急性期组和恢复期组患者mfERG1～6环的N1、P1波反应密度的总体差异比较均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;与正常对照组比较,VKH急性期组和恢复期组患者mfERG1—6环的N1、P1波反应密度均明显降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,但各环振幅降低的幅度不同,以1～3环降低最为严重,1环P1波振幅仅有正常对照的22％,随离心度增加,振幅降低逐渐减轻。与VKH急性期组相比较,恢复期组（2个月）患者视力为0．1～1．2之间,50％视力≥1．0,mfERGN1、P1波反应密度的提高以1～2环显著,与急性期相比差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;但各环mfERGN1、P1波反应密度仍与正常有很大差异,总体仅及正常振幅的44％。VKH恢复期患者4次随访结果显示,患眼各期视力稳定,mfERG各波振幅有轻度下降趋势,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;3环内N1、P1隐含时缩短,4次随访总体差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论VKH对患者视力及后极部视网膜功能有严重影响,黄斑区是疾病影响最为严重且治疗前后功能变化较大的部位。治疗后即使视力恢复较理想,但mfERG结果证实视网膜功能仍有较大程度损害。     

玻璃体黄斑牵引综合征手术前后光学相干断层扫描的对比研究

目的:对比分析玻璃体黄斑牵引综合征(vitreomacular traction syndrome,VTS)手术前后光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)的差异.方法:回顾性分析2013-01/2014-01经OCT检查确诊并接受25G玻璃体切除手术治疗的玻璃体黄斑牵引综合征患者11例11眼的临床资料.患者术后平均随访6mo,观察患者手术前后的视力及OCT检查情况,比较手术前后黄斑区视网膜厚度和局部形态的变化.结果:单纯玻璃体牵引8眼,术后6眼视力提高,2眼视力不提高;黄斑前膜牵引1眼(术中给予黄斑前膜剥除、视网膜内界膜剥除、曲安奈德玻璃体腔注射)术后视力不提高;玻璃体合并视网膜黄斑前膜牵引2眼(术中给予黄斑前膜剥除)术后视力提高.其中视力达0.1以上者所占比例由术前的46%提高至术后的73%.术前黄斑中心凹视网膜平均厚度为619.27±195.13μm,术后平均厚度为239.12±143.84μm,术后黄斑中心凹视网膜平均厚度较术前明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:玻璃体切除术能有效解除玻璃体对黄斑部的牵引,阻止患者视力进一步下降,减轻黄斑水肿,并提高部分患者视力,OCT对本组病的诊断及预后有重要的指导意义.