第一掌背动脉双叶皮瓣在手外科中的应用

我们设计主要以第１掌背动脉为蒂的手背双叶皮瓣，同时修复两个部位的手部皮肤缺损和拇指再造，共１０例均获成功。皮瓣面积最小１０ｃｍ×３ｃｍ，最大１３ｃｍ×５ｃｍ，蒂宽１．５ｃｍ×２．５ｃｍ。皮瓣每叶面积最小为３．５ｃｍ×２ｃｍ，最大６ｃｍ×３ｃｍ。文中介绍了本皮瓣的解剖学基础，并对其手术适应证和优缺点进行了讨论。     

第一掌背动脉筋膜皮瓣的临床应用

我们于1995年以来,以第1掌背动脉为蒂顺行筋膜皮瓣修复拇指、虎口及食指皮肤缺损,临床应用56例,效果满意.报告如下.     

掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣在手外伤的应用

掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣在手外伤的应用林志雄１叶劲２余楠生１手部外伤常有皮肤、软组织缺损，当有肌腱、神经、骨与关节裸露时，需要采用皮瓣转移修复创面，以利功能重建及恢复。从１９９３年起，我们采用了掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣急诊修复手外伤软组织缺损，取得满意的效果...     

第二掌背动脉皮瓣的临床应用

目的总结应用不同类型的第2掌背动脉(seconddorsalmetacarpalartery,SDMA)皮瓣修复手部组织缺损的价值。方法1998年～2003年,对139例手部皮肤或伴有肌腱缺损的患者,采用不同类型的SDMA皮瓣或带食指伸肌腱的肌腱皮瓣移植进行修复。其中男97例,女42例。年龄17～65岁,平均31.4岁。皮瓣类型:顺行岛状皮瓣37例,逆行岛状皮瓣25例,双轴点岛状皮瓣36例,皮肤返支动脉蒂岛状皮瓣19例,游离皮瓣22例。皮瓣范围3.0cm×1.5cm～6.3cm×5.0cm。结果术后135例皮瓣完全成活,3例部分成活,1例因顽固性血管痉挛而放弃手术。116例获12～57个月随访,皮瓣色泽好,外形满意。其中78例吻合神经的皮瓣浅感觉恢复好,两点辨别觉为5～9mm;未吻合神经的38例皮瓣,浅感觉恢复明显差于健侧,两点辨别觉为10～15mm。获得随访的21例肌腱皮瓣中修复伸指肌腱19例,屈指肌腱2例,手指屈伸功能按TAM法评价,可达健侧手指的60%～70%。结论采用不同类型的皮瓣或复合组织瓣移植,能修复手及其手指各部位小范围皮肤或伴有的肌腱缺损。     

第二掌背动脉皮瓣在拇指末节损伤中的应用

通过对３４侧新鲜成人上肢标本血管乳胶灌注解剖观察，见第二掌背动脉可分为两型四亚型。起始点外径１．２±０．２ｍｍ。应用该皮瓣修复拇指指腹皮肤完全缺损８例，拇指指腹大部伴小部分指甲缺损５例。１０例岛状移植，３例游离移植，皮瓣全部成活．外形、功能恢复满意。该皮瓣在拇指末节修复中具有色质好．厚度适宜、有感觉、手术简便和成活率高的优点。     

第Ⅱ掌背动脉蒂掌背岛状皮瓣

介绍一种改良第Ⅱ掌背动脉皮瓣的新术式。方法　应用以第Ⅱ掌背动脉远端为蒂的旋转点的掌背岛状皮瓣,修复拇指创面７例,皮瓣面积１ｃｍ ×３ｃｍ～２ｃｍ ×４ｃｍ,血管蒂长６～７ｃｍ。结果 ７例皮瓣均成活,效果满意。结论当指背皮肤同时受损,而难以应用示、中指背岛状皮瓣时,可用此手部小型岛状皮瓣修复拇指创面。     

第1掌背动脉皮瓣在伴皮肤缺损拇指离断再植中的应用

目的：探讨第1掌背动脉皮瓣在伴有皮肤缺损拇指离断伤再植术中的应用价值。方法对19例伴皮肤缺损拇指离断伤患者术前进行手术设计,术中采用神经、血管、肌腱移位修复拇指血供、感觉及运动,采用第1掌背动脉皮瓣修复拇指皮肤缺损,同时采用该皮瓣携带的静脉作为拇指重建血运的静脉回路。结果术后19例拇指及皮瓣全部成活,随访6～12个月,再植拇指外观、功能良好。结论第1掌背动脉皮瓣在修复拇指创面同时,为再植拇指提供了可靠、健康的静脉回路,避免了使用受损拇指本身静脉导致静脉危象发生,保证了再植手术成功率,提高了手术疗效。     

第二掌背动脉游离皮瓣的临床应用

目的研究第二掌背动脉（ＳＤＭＡ）游离皮瓣修复手部软组织缺损的临床价值方法对１１例手部软组织缺损或伴有伸指肌腱缺损的病例,采用游离ＳＤＭＡ或游离复合ＳＤＭＡ皮瓣进行修复。其中,复合组织瓣３例。皮瓣面积为１．５ｃｍ×３ｃｍ～５ｃｍ×６．３ｃｍ。结果１０例完全成活,１例因术中动脉血管内广泛血栓形成而放弃手术,８例随访１４～６２个月。两点辨别觉：手背８～１１ｍｍ,指腹４～６ｍｍ。外形及功能满意。结论该皮瓣能修复手指各个部位软组织缺损,并能形成复合组织瓣修复同时伴有伸指肌肌腱缺损。     

双叶皮瓣在鼻部皮肤软组织缺损修复中的应用

目的探讨和评价应用双叶皮瓣修复鼻部皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。方法采用局部浸润麻醉，按病变组织的形状将其行圆形或椭圆形切除，并于缺损部位附近的正常皮肤处设计双叶皮瓣，转移覆盖缺损部位。结果本组22例患者，术后随访3个月至1年，病变组织切除后均完整修复，皮瓣全部成活，切口Ⅰ期愈合，瘢痕不明显，皮瓣色泽与周围皮肤相近，鼻外形较好。结论应用双叶皮瓣修复鼻部皮肤软组织缺损，方法简单、安全。皮瓣转移后张力小、血运丰富，达到美容效果。是修复鼻部缺损较理想的方法。     

第1掌背动脉皮瓣一期修复儿童拇指软组织缺损

目的探讨第1掌背动脉皮瓣一期顺行修复儿童拇指软组织缺损的临床效果。方法选取自2009-06—2012—06收治的拇指皮肤组织缺损息儿11例,行急诊清创、残端修整及伴肌腱断裂的修补,骨折患者给予克氏针内固定,11例均予一期第1掌背动脉皮瓣修复拇指组织缺损。结果术后组织瓣全部成活,供区、受区伤口均一期愈合,质地与色泽较好。随访时间为3。24个月,平均10个月,无继发性感染发生,感觉恢复S3一S4,肢体外形与功能满意。结论儿童拇指软组织缺损应用第1掌背动脉皮瓣移植修复、重建软组织,可以避免儿童患拇指功能障碍。采用该皮瓣技术血供可靠、操作简单,是一期修复儿童拇指皮肤缺损理想的治疗方法。     

Clinical study of dorsal ulnar artery flap in hand reconstruction

Soft tissue defects of hand with exposed tendons, joints, nerves and bone represent a challenge to plastic surgeons. Such defects necessitate early flap coverage to protect underlying vital structures, preserve hand functions and to allow for early rehabilitation. Becker and Gilbert described flap based on the dorsal branch of the ulnar artery for defects around the wrist. We evaluated the use of a dorsal ulnar artery island flap in patients with soft tissue defects of hand. Twelve patients of soft tissue defects of hand underwent dorsal ulnar artery island flap between August 2006 and May 2008. In 10 male and 2 female patients this flap was used to reconstruct defects of the palm, dorsum of hand and first web space. Ten flaps survived completely. Marginal necrosis occurred in two flaps. In one patient suturing was required after debridement and in other patient wound healed by secondary intention. The final outcome was satisfactory. Donor areas which were skin grafted, healed with acceptable cosmetic results. The dorsal ulnar artery island flap is convenient, reliable, and easy to manage and is a single-stage technique for reconstructing soft tissue defects of the palm, dorsum of hand and first web space. Donor site morbidity is minimal, either closed primarily or covered with split thickness skin graft.     

Large bilobed flap in the repair of face and neck defects

While the bilobed flap is an extremely useful flap and its usefulness in coverage of the small facial defects has been well described, there is no report related to its usage as an alternative to regional flaps, tissue expansion technique and free tissue transfers in the face and neck reconstruction. This report presents our experience with nine patients who had skin defects of their face and neck areas reconstructed with large bilobed flaps from adjacent areas. The results of the repair were satisfactory with respect to colour match, texture and functional properties. The purpose of this paper is simply to emphasize that this old and well-known technique for small-sized defects can also be suitable for reconstruction of large defects in the face and neck in selected cases.     

Correction of thumb deformities after burn: versatility of first dorsal metacarpal artery flap

In the management of a debilitated burned hand due to contractures, thumb reconstruction constitutes the most crucial part for a beneficial functional outcome. Among the limited local flap alternatives for the thumb, the first dorsal metacarpal artery flap, harvested from the dorsal aspect of the index finger can provide elastic, durable and sensate coverage for soft tissue defects after contracture release. In a 3-year period, neurovascular island first dorsal metacarpal artery flap was used in 14 patients suffering thumb deformities. The time elapsed after the underlying injury until reconstruction ranged from 5 months to 17 years. Follow-up revealed that all deformities were successfully treated with satisfactory functional recovery and cosmetic results. Donor site morbidity was minimal with an acceptable scar on the dorsum of the index finger and adequate tendon gliding without producing extension deficit. Our experience with management of deformities involving the thumb and/or adjacent thenar area revealed that the first dorsal metacarpal artery flap is a reliable local neurovascular island flap option, offering acceptable functional and cosmetic outcomes in respect to sensation, elasticity, durability and skin-match.     

The usefulness of the bilobed flap for lateral cheek defects

The cheek and nose are common areas for skin cancers. There are multiple approaches to surgical excision and reconstruction, depending on the size of defect, tissue quality, adjacent cosmetic units and hairline. An effective solution to skin defects of the lateral cheek is the bilobed flap. This flap tends to be underused in the lateral cheek area because primary closure and skin grafts are perceived to be easier methods of reconstruction. However, the use of the bilobed flap for lateral cheek and other defect closures is encouraged. There are several basic principles that are key when performing this flap. These components of the procedure are highlighted.     

手部神经血管蒂皮瓣的临床应用

我院自１９６２年５月至１９９２年１月，应用手部神经血管蒂皮瓣７２例，其中指神经血管蒂皮瓣３８例，示指背侧岛状皮瓣（第Ⅰ掌骨背动脉）２４例，手背第Ⅱ掌骨背动脉皮瓣７例，小鱼际皮瓣３例，修复手部皮肤缺损。术后除１例指神经血管蒂皮瓣失败外，余均成活，经１个月～１２年随访功能优良率为９４．４％。我们在文中介绍了各种皮瓣的优缺点，皮瓣设计，手术要点，并讨论了皮瓣的解剖学规律及手术适应证。     

手部神经血管蒂皮瓣的临床应用

我院自1962年5月至1992年1月,应用手部神经血管蒂皮瓣72例,其中指神经血管蒂皮瓣38例,示指背侧岛状皮瓣(第1掌骨背动脉)24例,手背第Ⅱ掌骨背动脉皮瓣7例,小鱼际皮瓣3例,修复手部皮肤缺损。术后除1例指神经血管蒂皮瓣失败外,余均成活,经1个月～12年随访功能优良率为94.4%。我们在文中介绍了各种皮瓣的优缺点,皮瓣设计,手术要点,并讨论了皮瓣的解剖学规律及手术适应证。