晚期妇科恶性肿瘤盆腔脏器清除术18例分析

目的 探讨晚期妇科恶性肿瘤盆腔脏器清除术的治疗效果和术后并发症的防治。方法 对晚期宫颈癌８例、外阴癌８例和阴道癌２例施行了盆腔脏器清除术。宫颈癌中Ⅳ期（中央型）５例,其余３例为复发癌;外阴癌中Ⅲ期３例,Ⅳ期５例;阴道癌２例均为Ⅲ期。结果 本组资料的３年生存为７２％,５年生存率为５０％。无术中死亡者。术中出血７００～１２００ｍｌ,术后并发症发生率为１６％。２例肠梗阴,１例手术治疗,１例保守治疗后缓解     

全盆腔悬吊术治疗盆腔脏器脱垂的临床分析

目的探讨应用全盆腔悬吊术治疗盆腔脏器脱垂,并同时进行盆底重建的可行性和有效性.方法对16例具有不同缺陷的盆腔脏器脱垂患者进行全盆腔悬吊术.结果平均手术时间65分钟,平均出血150 ml,盆腔脏器脱垂全部得到纠正,随访期间未发现有阴道缩短、扭曲等症状,性生活不受影响.1例出现宫颈延长,1例出现网片排异,余无异常.结论全盆腔悬吊术对 盆腔脏器脱垂患者在保留子宫同时进行盆底重建,简化了手术治疗的过程,手术方法简单易掌握,短期疗效肯定,长期疗效有待进一步观察和随访,值得临床进一步研究.     

老年妇女盆腔脏器脱垂手术治疗的临床分析

目的:探讨老年妇女子宫脱垂合并心血管、糖尿病的患者行子宫颈部分切除+部分阴道封闭术临床疗效。方法:对近两年来我院妇科收治的8例70岁以上有内科合并症的子宫脱垂患者,行子宫颈部分切除+部分阴道封闭术,观察术中、术后的并发症及治疗效果。结果:8例患者术中术后无并发症发生,术后切口愈合良好。结论:有内科合并症的子宫脱垂患者行子宫颈部分切除+部分阴道封闭术,手术方式是安全可靠的。     

妇科肿瘤细胞减灭术相关的解剖要点和手术技巧

卵巢癌肿瘤细胞减灭术是目前晚期卵巢上皮癌的标准术式.他最大限度地切除了肿瘤细胞,改善患者的预后,因而在临床得以广泛推广.该文对肿瘤细胞减灭术相关的盆腔局部解剖和手术技巧进行了分析论述.     

网片对比传统阴道修补术治疗盆腔脏器脱垂的系统评价

目的本研究旨在系统评价网片（Mesh）治疗盆腔脏器脱垂与传统阴道修补术的有效性和安全性。方法计算机检索Cochrane Library、PubMed、EMBASE、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国期刊全文数据库、中文科技期刊全文数据库,检索时间截至2011年10月。检索词为pelvic organ prolapsed、POP、Mesh、盆腔脏器脱垂、网片等。纳入传统手术和网片对比治疗盆腔脏器脱垂的随机对照试验,由两名研究员分别独立提取数据和进行文献质量评价,并进行meta分析。结果共纳入5篇RCTs,meta分析结果显示：网片治疗妇女盆腔脏器脱垂并未增加手术成功率[RR=1.09,95%CI（0.58,2.02）,P=0.79]、降低术后POP-Q分度[MD=0.11,95%CI（-0.15,0.36）,P=0.41],同时术后性交困难[OR=1.25,95%CI（0.54,2.87）,P=0.60]和复发率[RR=0.76,95%CI（0.10,5.28）,P=0.78]等并未降低。结论当前证据表明：与传统手术相比,网片并不能增加手术的客观成功率,亦不能降低术后POP-Q分度以及术后感染等,尚需经济学评价及适用性研究以指导临床实践。     

盆腔脏器脱垂经阴道改良术式临床应用探讨

目的：探讨老年患者盆腔脏器脱垂经阴道子宫切除加阴道壁修补术中,行阴道顶端圆韧带悬吊。预防术后阴道顶端脱垂及阴道壁脱垂复发的可行性及安全性。方法：对2008年1月一2009年12月,我院收治的24例60岁以上子宫脱垂伴阴道壁脱垂患者,经阴道手术中进行阴道顶端圆韧带悬吊术,观察其临床疗效,并进行2年的随访研究。结果：所有患者均成功进行该术式,无一例发生术中脏器损伤及术后出血,24例患者术后均恢复好;术后1、3、6、12、18、24个月随访,所有患者的阴部膨出、下坠感消失,尿失禁消失,性生活质量明显改善,术后无一例阴道顶端脱垂及阴道壁脱垂复发。结论：对子宫脱垂伴阴道壁脱垂的患者,经阴道子宫切除加阴道壁修补术中将阴道顶端悬吊于圆韧带,预防阴道顶端及阴道壁脱垂是一种安全、简单、有效的治疗方法,术后复发率低,少有并发症,值得在基层医院临床应用。     

与压力性尿失禁手术相关的应用解剖和手术技巧

阴道无张力尿道中段悬吊带术是治疗女性压力性尿失禁的一线方法.因其为盲针穿刺技术,不能在直视下完成,有损伤重要血管、神经及脏器而发生严重并发症的可能,故熟悉并掌握耻骨后路径和闭孔路径解剖可有效提高尿道中段悬吊带术的安全性和有效性.     

保留盆腔自主神经的根治性子宫切除术的解剖要点和手术技巧

传统的宫颈癌根治术术后常引起膀胱功能障碍,结直肠蠕动紊乱以及性功能障碍等并发症。为了减少术后并发症,避免损失相关神经尤为重要。保留盆腔自主神经的根治性子宫切除术术中损失神经的部位主要为:(1)处理宫骶韧带时易损伤腹下神经;(2)处理主韧带中子宫深静脉时易损伤盆腔内脏神经;(3)处理膀胱宫颈韧带时易损伤下腹下神经丛的膀胱支。对主韧带、宫骶韧带、膀胱宫颈韧带及膀胱旁间隙、直肠旁间隙和第四间隙的理解和精细的解剖是进行保留盆腔自主神经的根治性子宫切除术的基本条件。     

腹腔镜与开腹手术行广泛子宫切除加盆腔淋巴结清除术的临床效果比较

目的 比较腹腔镜与开腹手术行广泛子宫切除加盆腔淋巴结清除术的临床效果。方法 回顾性分析近2年我院经腹腔镜行广泛子宫切除加盆腔淋巴结清除术的26例子宫恶性肿瘤患者(腹腔镜组)的临床资料,随机抽取近4年行开腹同类手术的27例(开腹组)作为对照。结果腹腔镜组平均手术时间为310 min,开腹组为238 min;腹腔镜组平均切除的淋巴结22个,开腹组为16个;腹腔镜组术中平均出血量为756 ml,开腹组为1129 ml,腹腔镜组平均输血量为321 m1,开腹组为746 ml,腹腔镜组平均术后排气时间为37 h,开腹组为62 h;腹腔镜组术后体温恢复正常时间平均为5 d,开腹组为8 d;腹腔镜组平均应用抗生素时间为6 d,开腹组为8 d;以上各项数据两组间比较,差异均有极显著性(P<0.01)。两组在盆腔引流液(分别为321、216 ml)、尿管拔除时间(分别为13、10d)、术后第3天的白细胞计数(分别为11 × 109/L、10 × 109/L)、术后住院日(分别为26、26 d)及住院费用(分别为25 986、22 672元)等方面比较,差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。结论 腹腔镜下广泛子宫切除及盆腔淋巴结清除术可达到开腹手术的彻底性,并具有创伤小、恢复快等优点。     

根治性子宫切除术相关的解剖要点和手术技巧

该文重点对与根治性子宫切除术相关的盆腔局部解剖和手术技巧进行了分析、论述,为从事妇科肿瘤的医生提供借鉴和参考.     

The place of pelvic exenteration in surgical management of advanced and recurrent pelvic tumors

A series of 28 exenterations for advanced pelvic tumours is presented. The operative mortality (within 90 days) was 17.8%. The actuarial survival (expressed as a two-year disease-free interval) was 35.7%, and better in cases with negative lymph nodes. The types of urinary and bowel diversions adopted are discussed in terms of longer survival.     

Laparoscopic surgical anatomy for pelvic floor surgery

Understanding anatomy is one of the pillars for performing a safe, effective, and efficient surgery, but recently, it is reported that there has been a decline in teaching anatomy during the preclinical years of medical school. There is also evidence that by the time a medical student becomes a clinician, a considerable proportion of the basic anatomy knowledge is lost. Hence, it is crucial for surgeons performing or assisting in pelvic floor surgery to revisit this integral clinical aspect of pelvic anatomy for performing a safe surgery.Pelvic organ prolapse repair, especially abdominal laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy, which is the gold standard of pelvic organ prolapse repair, presents a significant challenge to surgeons because the technique requires thorough and meticulous negotiation through abdomino-pelvic vascular structures and nerves supplying the pelvis, rectum, and ureters. The abdominal laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy surgery requires surgeons to have a deep understanding of anatomy to prevent potential life-threatening complications, which is as critical as it is for a pilot to understand the navigation route for a safe landing. This review is an extensive look and a great reminder to laparoscopic surgeons working in the pelvic cavity, especially those performing a pelvic floor surgery, about the anatomical safe routes for performing laparoscopic pelvic floor repairs.For easy reading and clear understanding, we have described step by step the safe anatomical journey a surgeon needs to take during laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy. We divided the technique into five critical anatomic locations (landmarks), which serves as our “flight map” for performing safe and efficient laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy.     

Prediction of short-term surgical complications in women undergoing pelvic exenteration for gynecological malignancies

Objective

Pelvic exenteration (PE) is an extensive surgery associated with high rates of postoperative morbidity and mortality. The absence of well-defined preoperative selection criteria to identify patients eligible for PE prompted the assessment of pre-operative predictors of 30-day major surgical complications.

The effect of body mass index on surgical outcomes and survival following pelvic exenteration

Objective

We sought to evaluate whether preoperative body mass index (BMI) impacts surgical outcomes, complication rates, and/or recurrence rates in women undergoing pelvic exenteration.

Methods

All women who underwent pelvic exenteration for gynecologic indications at our institution from 1993 through 2010 were included. Women were stratified into 3 groups based on BMI. Baseline characteristics, surgical outcomes, early (< 60 days) and late (≥ 60 days) postoperative complications, and recurrence/survival outcomes were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were compared using log-rank test.

Results

161 patients were included (59 normal weight, 44 overweight, 58 obese). Median follow-up times were 22, 29, and 25 months. Most patients underwent total pelvic exenteration (68%); 64.6% had a vaginal reconstruction. On multivariate analysis, both overweight and obese patients had a higher risk of early superficial wound separation compared to normal weight patients — OR 10.74 (3.33-34.62, p < 0.001) and OR 4.35 (1.40-13.52, p = 0.011), respectively. Length of surgery was significantly longer for overweight (9.6 h, OR 1.26, 1.02-1.55, p = 0.032) and obese (10.1 h, OR 1.24, 1.04-1.47, p = 0.014) patients than for normal weight patients (8.7 h). Late postoperative complications for patients in the normal weight, overweight, and obese groups were 47.5%, 45.5%, and 43.1% (p = 0.144). There were no differences in time to recurrence (p = 0.752) or overall survival (p = 0.103) between groups.

Conclusion

Although operative times were longer and risk for superficial wound separation was significantly higher, pelvic exenteration appears to be feasible and safe in overweight and obese women with overall complication rates and survival outcomes comparable to normal weight women.     

Vaginal reconstruction at the time of pelvic exenteration: a surgical and psychosexual analysis of techniques

OBJECTIVES: Vaginal reconstruction following pelvic exenteration is an important aspect of the physical and psychological rehabilitation of women after radical surgery for pelvic malignancies. The choice of techniques is vast, and proper patient and surgical selection is important for obtaining satisfactory functional and aesthetic results. The objective of this retrospective study is to review different techniques for vaginal reconstruction and report the complications and patient satisfaction associated with the different procedures. METHODS: Between January 1988 and April 2001, 104 pelvic exenterations were performed by the division of gynecologic oncology at the University of Miami, School of Medicine. Twenty-five (24%) patients underwent vulvo-vaginal reconstruction at the time of the exenteration. A retrospective chart review of the 25 patients was performed, and 9 patients were available and contacted for an interview. RESULTS: Twenty-four (96%) patients had received prior definitive radiation therapy. Overall, there were 9 complications (6 major and 3 minor) attributed to vaginal reconstruction, accounting for 36% perioperative morbidity. Seven of the nine (78%) patients interviewed reported successful vaginal intercourse at some point after their operation. All 5 surviving patients in the myocutaneous flap group were very satisfied with their sexual function and were sexually active at the time of their interview. CONCLUSIONS: Vaginal reconstruction at the time of pelvic exenteration is an important topic that should be discussed with the patient during the preoperative visit. Although the myocutaneous flaps are associated with longer operative times, they appear to be the preferred type due to decreased postoperative fistulae and better patient satisfaction.