重症急性胰腺炎病人在X线及内镜辅助下放置鼻空肠管的比较

目的:比较重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)病人在X线及内镜辅助下放置鼻空肠管的方法. 方法: 选取52例SAP病人分别采用X线辅助超滑导丝法和内镜辅助下放置鼻空肠管,记录置管成功率,置管时间,置管相关并发症的发生率,置管前、置管中、置管后舒适度(VAS评分)以及留置时间. 结果: X线辅助下超滑导丝法较内镜辅助法的置管时间短,VAS评分低,置管相关并发症(腹痛、腹胀)的发生率低(P＜0.05);两种方法在置管成功率,其他置管相关并发症(鼻咽部出血、上消化道出血、穿孔、误吸、呼吸困难)以及远期并发症(导管移位、咽炎、鼻窦炎、肺部感染)的发生率、留置时间等差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05). 结论: X线辅助下超滑导丝法和内镜辅助法均是SAP病人早期非手术放置鼻空肠管有效、安全、易行的方法.X线辅助下超滑导丝法可作为一般病人的首选方法;对需要机械通气、持续血液滤过治疗以及并发胰性脑病、十二指肠狭窄的SAP病人,内镜辅助法则更合适.     

Balloon dilatation of cervical anastomosis stricture after subtotal resection of the esophagus

AIMS: The stricture of the anastomosis is one of the most common complications of the subtotal esophageal resections. The authors present indications, technics and results of the endoscopic dilatation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a 10 year period 26 patients (22 male, 4 female, mean age of 53.7 years) with stricture of anastomosis between the esophagus and the neo-esophagus after subtotal esophageal resection were dilated endoscopically 82 times. The indication of the resection was tumour in 23 (88.5%) cases, congenital atresia in 2 (7.7%) cases and corrosive disease in one (3.8%) case. In 7 (31.8%) cases the stricture developed after anastomosis leakage. The mean time between the operation and the dilatation was 7.8 months. The cause of the stricture was cancer recurrency in 4 (15.4%) cases. RESULTS: There were no complications related to the dilatation. The mean number of the dilatation was 3.2 (1-9). There was no significant difference between the number of dilatation in patients with or without previously anastomotic leakage. The success rate of the dilatation for benign strictures was 95.5%. In only one patient (4.5%) was needed operative intervention. In the 4 patients with tumour recurrency a stent was also implanted in the stenosis. CONCLUSIONS: The endoscopic dilatation for the treatment of the cervical anastomosis stricture after subtotal esophageal resection is a successful method with a low rate of complications. In cases of tumour recurrency a stent implantation is suggested.     

基于激光鼠标传感器的导丝遥操作系统的设计与试验

针对介入手术中导丝遥操作,提出了一种用激光鼠标作为传感器的导丝运动检测方法,并进行了试验。在此基础上设计了一种导丝遥操作系统,包括导丝的检测装置和操纵装置及上下位机控制软件。在搭建的实验平台上进行了试验,用所得到的数据分析了操作时间与导丝和目标点的距离以及目标点角度间的关系。试验结果验证了系统的可行性,为进行下一步研究打下了基础。     

微波联合气囊扩张治疗良性食道狭窄

目的 探讨微波及气囊扩张对良性食道狭窄的治疗效果。方法 通过胃镜检查明确食道狭窄部位及程度。根据狭窄的程度不同，采用内镜下气囊扩张或微波治疗 气囊扩张治疗。结果 87例良性食道狭窄中，术后吻合口狭窄37例，放疗术后狭窄25例，化学烧伤后狭窄22例，不明原因性狭窄3例。其中气囊扩张治疗66例，微波 气囊扩张治疗2l例。治疗1—43次，显效78例(89．65％)，有效8例(9．19％)，穿孔1例(1．15％)。结论 根据良性食道狭窄程度不同，采用内镜下气囊扩张或微波 气囊扩张治疗，方法简单、廉价、安全、有效，适用于各种原因引起的食道狭窄，值得在临床上推广应用。     

Balloon catheter dilatation of lower gastrointestinal tract stenoses: long-term results

AIM: Benign stenosis of the lower gastrointestinal tract usually develops, due to complication of a surgical intervention or sometimes because of other inflammatory bowel processes. Their reoperation is technically difficult and risky. Therefore the authors use a balloon catheter dilatation in the treatment of lower gastrointestinal tract stenosis since 1985. METHODS: First a guide wire is passed colonoscopically, then under X-ray control a double lumen balloon catheter, or directly through the channel of the endoscope a single or double lumen balloon catheter is introduced into the stenosis, which is then gradually dilated to 12-25 mm diameter. The applied pressure is 1.5-3 atm. Result of the dilatation can be judged from the decreased indentation of the balloon, and from increased diameter of stenosis at colonoscopic, or sometimes colonographic follow up. RESULTS: Between January of 1985 and July of 2001 they performed 123 dilatation on 52 patients. The causes of stenoses were in 40 cases postoperative stenosis, in 5 Crohn disease, in 2 ulcerative colitis, in 1 ischemic stenosis, and in 3 scar of the anus. From all stenosis cases 4 were localised to the anus, 40 to the rectum, 7 to the colon, and 1 to the terminal ileum. Due to the dilatation the average diameter of the stenosis was increased from 7.2 (1-14) mm to 19.7 (14-25) mm. Following the dilatation in 42 patients out of 52 the colonoscope was passed through the stenosis. Colostomies were closed in 11 cases out of 17. In 4 patients the subileus state ceased, and all of our 3 patients colo-cutan fistula healed rapidly. 16 out of 52 patients re-operation was proposed. One patient had fever as complication which was treated with antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: Dilatation of benign stenosis of the lower gastrointestinal tract with balloon catheter is an effective method, which in most of the cases (69%) will stop the obstructive symptoms and in the long run therefore surgery can be avoided.     

Pneumatic dilatation in esophageal achalasia. Report of 61 cases

To assess the interest of pneumatic dilatation in patients with achalasia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The work has interested 61 patients with achalasia who underwent pneumatic dilatation using polyethylene balloon (Rigiflex) dilators. 74 sessions of dilatation were performed and 13 patients underwent 2 sessions of dilatation (21%). One patient presented un esophageal perforation requiring a surgical treatment. The outcome was good on 88.9% and 83.3% of the patients after respectively one and six months. These results illustrate the interest of pneumatic dilatation in achalasia, which have to be proposed in the first line of the treatment.     

镍钛记忆合金支撑管治疗食管贲门 狭窄性疾病的临床研究

目的探讨记忆金属支撑管置入治疗食管贲门狭窄性疾病的置入方法及疗效观察。方法首先通过胃镜将引导钢丝穿过狭窄部,用沙氏扩张器在导丝引导下对狭窄段进行反复扩张,然后采用记忆合金网状、带膜状的食管支撑管沿导丝送至狭窄段。在37℃支撑管自然膨胀,治疗食管贲门狭窄性疾病。结果本组34例一次性置放成功者32例（94．l％）,术后2h经口均能进食,2例因食管贲门癌术后瘢痕狭窄,导丝无法穿过狭窄段而失败。结论食管—胃通道狭窄采用支撑管置入技术是治疗良恶性狭窄性疾病的有效方法。     

经尿道输尿管扩张术治疗输尿管下段狭窄112例临床分析

目的探讨经尿道输尿管扩张治疗输尿管下段狭窄的临床效果。方法采用经尿道输尿管扩张治疗输尿管下段狭窄112例,其中男65例,女47例,平均年龄38岁。狭窄段长度0．5～0．2cm。结果112例均顺利通过输尿管扩张导丝,狭窄段扩张成功。随访6～30个月,平均13个月。一次扩张成功96例（85．7％）,B超提示肾盂积水均消失或明显减轻,CTU示狭窄段通畅;其中2例先天性巨输尿管症术后取支架后狭窄复发,肾盂积水无明显改善,经再次扩张和置人双“J”管后,肾积水减轻,狭窄段较前通畅;所有手术无输尿管穿孔、脱套、撕裂等严重并发症发生。结论经尿道输尿管扩张治疗输尿管下段狭窄具有操作简单、效果可靠、并发症少、体表无伤口、可重复治疗及住院时间短等优点。     

Plummer Vinson syndrome

BACKGROUND: Plummer Vinson syndrome is a rare affection which affects mainly white women. It is characterized by dysphagia, iron deficiency and the presence of superior esophageal web. AIM: The purpose of this study is to precise the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical and therapeutical features of the affection. METHODS: We report 19 cases of Plummer Vinson syndrome collected over 15 years (1990- 2004). RESULTS: Dysphagia is the main symptom observed in 100% of the cases. 89.4% of the patients had anemia and 15 hyposideremy. All the patients were treated with iron supplementation and endoscopic treatment (dilatation and rupture of esophageal webs). Three patients necessitate multiple sessions of endoscopic dilatation and 15 had favourable evolution. The malignancy was observed in one case.     

14例食管癌放疗后复发再程放疗的疗效观察

目的:观察食管癌放疗后复发再程放疗的疗效.方法:对14例再程放疗的食管癌患者采用Varian 23EX电子直线加速器适形放疗,1.2Gy/次,2次/日,总剂量DT33~62Gy,放疗2~3周.结果:10例病变消退(8例食道黏膜恢复,2例癌性狭窄,采用球囊扩张扩大食道,可正常进食),无效3例病灶扩大,1例发生呕血,死亡;未发生放射性脊髓炎,有不同程度放射性食管炎;1年存活率50.00%、2年存活率28.57%.结论:放疗后复发再程放疗,有助于消除食管癌复发症状,改善患者生存质量,安全可靠,但仍有部分患者难获显著疗效.     

内镜直视下气囊扩张术治疗贲门失弛缓症的随访研究

目的观察评价贲门失弛缓症的内镜直视下气囊扩张术的疗效。方法选择92例贲门失弛缓症并经过内镜下气囊扩张术治疗的患者,术后6个月、1年、2年定期随访,详细询问病史,并经内镜和钡餐检查对原有的吞咽困难等症状缓解程度进行评估。结果92例患者吞咽困难症状均有显著改善。1次扩张有效率达86.9%,2次有效率可达100%。术中可见贲门黏膜撕裂、渗血,未见致命性出血及穿孔等并发症。结论内镜下气囊扩张术治疗贲门失弛缓症可获得良好的近期和远期疗效,具有安全、简便、价廉的特点,是治疗贲门失弛缓症的首选方法。     

微创手术治疗腕舟状骨骨折(附15例)

目的 探讨微创手术内固定治疗腕舟状骨骨折的具体技术方法和临床疗效.方法 采用经皮克氏针(导针)穿刺、复位、临时固定骨折端,微创置入空心螺钉固定治疗腕舟状骨骨折15例,术后不予外固定,早期进行功能训练.结果 术后随访6个月～2年,骨折愈合时间6～10周,平均8.5周,腕关节功能恢复良好.结论 采用经皮克氏针(导针)穿刺、复位、临时固定骨折端,微创置入空心螺钉固定治疗腕舟状骨骨折,复位满意,固定可靠,可以早期功能训练,疗效满意.     

宫腔镜下输卵管插管疏通治疗不孕161例分析

目的：探讨官腔镜下输卵管插管疏通术在治疗不孕的115床效果。方法：采用一根特制进口的输卵管导丝在官腔镜指引下找到输卵管开口,于直视下将输卵管导管丝缓缓插入疏通输卵管,然后拔出导丝注入美兰稀释液,如注入通畅无阻力且无返流,提示输卵管管腔已疏通。结果：161例均在输卵管输液器加压通水失败后以TERUMO导丝疏通,有9例一侧输卵管疏通时造成输卵管峡部穿孔,对侧成功,还有9例16条输卵管开口显示不清,在下次月经干净3d第二次疏通成功。手术成功率69％。结论：该术式操作简便,术野清晰,是集诊断与治疗于一体的微创手术,副作用少,痛苦小,具有可反复进行的优点,且在官腔镜下直视插管,可避免损伤内膜。官腔镜下输管疏通术,是一项有价值的可广泛应用于临床的技术。     

COOK导丝在宫腹腔镜联合术下治疗输卵管近端阻塞的应用价值

目的：探讨COOK导丝对输卵管近端阻塞治疗的应用价值。方法对80例输卵管近端阻塞的患者在宫腹腔镜联合术下给予COOK导丝治疗和液体加压通液（研究组）;选择85例输卵管近端阻塞患者为对照组,采用宫腹腔镜联合术下单纯液体加压通液治疗。比较两组患者疗效。结果两组患者手术时间和术中出血量比较无显著性差异（t值分别为0．116、0．892,均P＞0．05）,研究组患者复查输卵管再通率为60．4％,对照组再通率为25．2％,研究组显著高于对照组（χ^2＝29．201,P＜0．05）。两组患者均无并发症。结论宫腹腔镜下应用COOK导丝对输卵管近端阻塞部位进行输卵管插管后再液体加压通液,比单纯液体加压通液法再通率高,风险小,是一种理想的手术方式。     

Placing of Hickman catheters under ultrasonic guidance]

We describe a new technique using ultrasound guided puncture of the subclavian vein and fluoroscopic control of the guide wire and the catheter position. Using this technique we performed 70 catheter introductions in 54 patients at the radiological department of the University Hospital of Rotterdam. Long term administration of chemotherapy was the most frequent indication for introduction of the Hickman catheter. The puncture related complication rate was compared with the complications of the 'blind' percutaneous puncture method, as mentioned in literature. All the ultrasound guided punctures of the subclavian vein were successful and no puncture related complications, such as pneumothorax, haemothorax or arterial puncture, occurred. Since ultrasound guided puncture of the subclavian vein in combination with fluoroscopic control of the guide wire and catheter reduces the risk of complications of introduction of Hickman catheters, we consider this technique superior to other methods.     

内镜下可分离式尼龙圈结扎治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血

目的 探讨内镜下可分离式尼龙圈结扎治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血的疗效和优点。方法 采用Olympus分离式尼龙圈结扎装置，对24例食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者进行内镜下结扎治疗，观察其疗效。结果 平均每例结扎10．2个点，食管静脉曲张破裂出血急诊止血率为100％，曲张静脉基本消失率为73．7％术中未发生严重的并发症。结论 内镜下可分离式尼龙圈结扎术是一种治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血新型安全、有效的方法，而且其操作简捷，价格便宜，值得在临床上推广。     

腹腔镜胆总管探查改良胆道支架引流术

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆总管探查术中放置自行脱落胆道支架的可行性。方法:在腹腔镜胆总管探查术清除结石后,将斑马导丝经胆道镜操作孔置入十二指肠。退出胆道镜,将改良支架套住导丝,用推送管将支架的猪尾巴端送入十二指肠。支架上端用快吸收线固定于胆管壁。一期缝合关闭胆总管切口。结果:该法治疗33例患者。术后平均住院时间4.3(3~8)d,术后支架均随粪便排出,排出时间13.6(9~21)d。4例(12.1%)术后血清淀粉酶短暂升高。发生堵管并黄疸加深1例(3%),经保守治疗后黄疸消退。无胆漏、提前脱管、导管滞留、导管退入胆道等并发症。术后随访3-20个月,全部病例无胆系炎症、残余结石及胆管狭窄。结论:在腹腔镜胆总管探查术中放置胆道自行脱落J型引流支架较放置其它支架操作更方便、更安全。因支架能自行脱落排出,该法更具成本效益并符合微创原则。     

新农合食道癌患者住院费用影响因素调查与分析

目的 了解新农合食道癌患者住院费用及影响因素,为政策制定提供参考.方法 从山东省某县新农合数据库中抽取2006～2010年食道癌506例住院病历,采用方差分析、多元逐步回归分析,对住院费用影响因素进行分析.结果不同年份食道癌患者次均住院费用变化趋势不一,但日均住院费用呈上升趋势.多因素分析显示,医院级别、住院天数、是否术后、年龄是住院费用的影响因素.结论 相关部门应积极采取措施,引导患者正确就医;应加强对大医院医疗行为的监管,促使住院费用逐步趋于合理.     

气管支架置入术治疗重症气道狭窄的疗效与经验

目的:总结气管支架置入术治疗重症气道狭窄的疗效和经验.方法:各种原因引起的气管和主支气管狭窄病人13例.术前常规行高千伏胸片和胸部CT检查以了解气道狭窄的部位、形态和范围.狭窄段位于气管10例、右侧主支气管1例、左主支气管2例.在透视下将多功能导管配合超滑导丝经过声门进入气管,随后更换金属加强导丝并随导管越过狭窄段,将导丝留置于狭窄段远端,撤除导管,将装有支架的置入器沿导丝送至狭窄段,释放支架.结果:全部支架均成功置入,技术成功率为100%.术后全部病人呼吸困难症状明显改善,死亡的恶性肿瘤病人平均存活时间为6.2个月,l例良性气管狭窄病人随访5年仍无再狭窄.结论:气管支架置入术是治疗重症气道狭窄的有效方法.     

钬激光联合肾筋膜扩张器治疗男性尿道狭窄体会

目的：探讨联合应用钬激光、肾筋膜扩张器治疗尿道狭窄的临床操作方法及应用价值。方法：应用肾筋膜扩张器对33例尿道狭窄患者行尿道狭窄扩张术,27例尿道未闭锁者直接留置斑马导丝,6例尿道闭锁者应用输尿管镜配合钬激光打通尿道后留置斑马导丝,应用F8~F22肾筋膜扩张器依次扩张狭窄尿道。15例有较多瘢痕组织或狭窄段较长者应用钬激光修整。结果：33例病例1个月后拔除尿管排尿症状较前明显改善,术后定时尿道扩张后排尿舒畅,无并发症。结论：钬激光联合肾筋膜扩张器治疗男性尿道狭窄安全性高,创伤小,疗效好,值得推广采用。