抗精神病药物对精神病患者短暂性脑缺血发病影响的临床研究

目的：探讨抗精神病药物对精神病患者短暂性脑缺血发病影响。方法：对比研究服用抗精神病药物的患者,并采用某社区不服用抗精神病药物中老年人群作为对照组,经5～10年随访,进行统计学分析。结果：服用抗精神病药物的患者短暂性脑出血的发病率（21.7%）明显高于对照组（5.3%）,且女性发病率高于男性,值得临床医师关注。结论：抗精神病药物潜在的诱发高血脂等不良反应应该引起临床医师的注意。     

军人精神分裂症患者全病程医疗服务管理模式疗效观察

目的 探讨全病程医疗服务管理模式对精神分裂症患者疗效、服药依从性及社会功能的影响.方法 选择2007年3月-2008年3月84例军人首发精神分裂症住院患者,均为男性,随机均分为试验组和对照组(n=42).试验组采用全病程医疗服务管理模式治疗,对照组单纯服用抗精神病药物治疗.两组分别在入组时(基线)、出院时及出院后第3、...     

长期服用抗精神病药物患者胆结石患病情况及其影响因素

目的探讨长期服用抗精神病药物的精神疾病患者胆结石患病情况及其影响因素。方法对94例住院精神病患者（患者组）及154例健康体检者（对照组）进行B超检查,同时观察体重指数、血糖及病期等指标。结果胆结石检出率：患者组为25.5%（其中男23.72%,女28.57%）,对照组为6.49%（其中男6.89%,女5.56%）。患者组体重指数和血糖方面高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义。结论长期服用抗精神病药物的精神病患者胆结石发生率明显高于正常人群,其原因可能与服用抗精神病药物后患者活动减少,体重增加,糖、脂质代谢异常以及胆囊收缩功能下降等因素有关。     

慢性精神分裂症长期服用氯氮平中毒3例

<正> 氯氮平被认为是副作用小,抗精神病作用强的理想药物。但近几年来随着临床的广泛应用,对氯氮平引起各种严重反应的报道颇有增多。现将我院慢性精神分裂症,长期服用大剂量氯氮平,致中毒反应3例报告如下。     

抗精神分裂症药物的研究进展

精神分裂症是一种严重影响患者及家属生活质量的致残性精神障碍。目前对精神分裂症的治疗仍以药物疗法和电惊厥疗法为主,尽管心理疗法和康复疗法也是不容忽视的治疗手段,但在临床上抗精神分裂症药物的应用仍然占据核心地位。典型抗精神病药能减少精神分裂症的阳性症状,却伴发锥体外系不良反应;而非典型抗精神病药尽管临床效应谱更广,锥体外系不良反应有所减少,但仍伴随其他不良反应,因此,迫切需要寻找和开发更为安全有效的药物。该文综述了典型和非典型抗精神分裂症药物的优势与问题及研发趋势。     

He-Ne激光血管外照射治疗以阴性症状为主的精神分裂症51例

为探讨激光治疗精神分裂症的效果,筛选５１例继续服用抗精神病药物、阴性症状量表（ＳＡＮＳ）总分在６０分以上、简明精神病量表（ＢＰＲＳ）总分在２５分以上的患者行血管外ＨｅＮｅ激光照射。激光波长６３２８ｎｍ,功率＞８０ｍＷ。每次照射作者单位：天津市安康...     

丙戊酸钠治疗精神分裂症攻击行为疗效分析

目的：探讨丙戊酸钠治疗精神分裂症患者攻击行为的疗效及安全性。方法：对28例有攻击行为的住院精神分裂患者,在原有抗精神病药物治疗的基础上,加用丙戊酸钠治疗4周,分别于治疗前及治疗第4周末采用简明精神病评定量表、外显攻击行为量表（修订版）评定临床疗效。结果：治疗前后简明精神病评定量表各因子分差异无显著性,但治疗后外显攻击行为量表评分显著降低。结论：丙戊酸钠辅助治疗精神分裂症的攻击行为安全有效。     

住院精神分裂症患者便秘的干预性护理

目的探讨住院精神分裂症患者便秘的干预性护理措施及效果分析。方法选取精神科住院的精神分裂症患者46例,随机分成观察组与对照组各23例,两组患者在入院以后均实施精神分裂症常规治疗与常规护理,使用药物均相同,观察组在常规基础上,全面实施便秘干预性护理。比较两组患者在住院2个月内排便以及症状表现情况。结果观察组患者出现大便困难、大便干结、腹部胀痛以及饮食不佳的比率均显著低于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论对住院精神分裂症患者实施干预性护理,能有效改善患者的排便善状况,降低便秘的发生率,对提高精神分裂症患者的治疗效果具有非常重要的意义。     

利培酮治疗精神分裂症疗效及副反应分析

目的探讨利培酮治疗精神分裂症疗效及药物副反应，为临床治疗提供参考。方法对86例精神分裂症患者给予利培酮治疗。采用简明精神病量表（BPRS），阳性症状量表（SAPS）及副反应量表（TESS）评定其疗效及副反应。结果利培酮治疗精神分裂症有效率为90．70％，各量表总分减分率P〈0．01均有显著差异，副反应较轻。结论谊药疗效好，副反应较轻。有助于病人回归社会，是目前校理想的一线抗精神病药物。     

精神分裂症患者IgG,IgA,IgM及C3,C4含量分析

目的　探讨体液免疫异常在精神分裂症发病过程中的作用。方法　利用速率散射比浊法测定25例首发精神分裂症患者、30例经抗精神病药物治疗患者血清中IgG,IgA,IgM及补体C     

109例便秘患者的排粪造影分析

目的:通过便秘患者的排粪造影资料显示其肛管直肠形态及功能,寻找便秘原因.方法:109倒排粪造影,其中13例行结肠传输试验.结果:由于肛管直肠形态功能异常所致的排粪功能障碍者91例,其中女性病例占80.22%.而女性异常病例中又以直肠前突多见.排粪造影及结肠传输试验均异常者7例.外科单纯手术纠正者2例,术后随访造影表现正常.结论:排粪造影对于便秘患者病因分析及诊疗方案的制定有重要的意义.     

武警某院急诊科抗菌药物处方分析

 目的 了解武警某院急诊科抗菌药物的使用情况。方法 提取急诊科2015年下半年的处方,遴选出使用抗菌药物(除去眼膏、外用膏药及中成药)的处方。对抗菌药物处方进行分类统计及分析, 包括使用抗菌药物的种类及比例、使用居前6位的抗菌药物、抗菌药物的联合使用情况等。结果 在2015年下半年急诊处方中有抗菌药物处方3872张,占处方总数的22.3%。使用抗菌药物构成比中,喹诺酮类药物使用频率最高,占42.9%。使用居第一位的药物是左氧氟沙星,占39.8%。单联处方77.86%,二联处方22.14%,无三联处方。结论 2015年下半年我院急诊科抗菌药物使用符合卫生部抗菌药物使用规定,但有些方面还需要进一步改进。     

Probing targets for antipsychotic drug action with PET and SPET receptor imaging.

The use of in vivo receptor imaging by positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission tomography (SPET) has permitted exploration of targets for antipsychotic drug action in living patients. Early PET and SPET studies focused on striatal D2 dopamine receptors. There is broad agreement that unwanted extrapyramidal (parkinsonian) side effects of antipsychotic drugs result from high striatal dopamine D2/D3 receptor blockade by these drugs. The dopamine hypothesis of antipsychotic drug action suggests that clinical response is directly related to the level of striatal D2/D3 receptor occupancy of antipsychotic drugs. This may be true for classical antipsychotic drugs, but recent evidence suggests that novel, atypical antipsychotic drugs produce efficacy in association with modest and transient striatal D2/D3 receptor occupancy levels. Furthermore, atypical antipsychotic drugs appear to show preferential occupancy of limbic cortical dopamine D2 receptors. Cortical dopamine D2/D2-like receptors may be a common site of action for all antipsychotic drugs. Data from receptor challenge paradigms has highlighted the need to explore the neurotransmitter systems involved in regulating or stabilising dopamine transmission, either via dopamine autoreceptors or non-dopaminergic pathways. These may be promising targets for drug development. In vivo PET and SPET imaging has produced unique data contributing to the design of better, less toxic drugs for schizophrenia.     

奥氮平与异丙嗪治疗药物引起的嘴巴不自主运动疗效分析

目的分析比较奥氮平和异丙嗪用于治疗年纪偏大患者抗精神症状药物引起的嘴巴不自主运动疗效和安全性。方法采用疗效评定和副反应评定量表,对门诊和住院80例由于药物引起的嘴巴不自主运动患者随机分为两组,分别用奥氮平片和异丙嗪片治疗,观察2周和1年后疗效和副反应。结果治疗2周后奥氮平组与异丙嗪组疗效差异有统计学意义,奥氮平组疗效更好。随访1年,两组疗效差异仍有统计学意义,奥氮平组依从性好。结论奥氮平治疗由药物引起的嘴巴不自主运动比异丙嗪更有效、不良反应轻,患者依从性好。     

Schizophrenie als Diskonnektionssyndrom

Aside from characteristic psychopathological symptoms, cognitive deficits are a core feature of schizophrenia. These deficits can only be addressed within the context of widespread functional interactions among different brain areas. To examine these interactions, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used for the analysis of fMRI datasets. In a series of studies, both in antipsychotic-treated and drug-free schizophrenic patients, a pattern of enhanced thalamocortical functional connectivity could be observed as an indicator for possible disruptions of frontostriatal thalamocortical circuitry. Moreover, drug-free patients and those receiving typical antipsychotic drugs were characterized by reduced interhemispheric corticocortical connectivity. This difference relative to normal controls was less in patients under atypical antipsychotic drugs. The results could be interpreted as a beneficial effect of atypical antipsychotic drugs on information processing in schizophrenic patients. The present findings are consistent with the model of schizophrenia as a disconnection syndrome and earlier concepts of “cognitive dysmetria” in schizophrenia.     

Schizophrenia as a disconnection syndrome. Studies with functional magnetic resonance imaging and structural equation modeling

Aside from characteristic psychopathological symptoms, cognitive deficits are a core feature of schizophrenia. These deficits can only be addressed within the context of widespread functional interactions among different brain areas. To examine these interactions, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used for the analysis of fMRI datasets. In a series of studies, both in antipsychotic-treated and drug-free schizophrenic patients, a pattern of enhanced thalamocortical functional connectivity could be observed as an indicator for possible disruptions of frontostriatal thalamocortical circuitry. Moreover, drug-free patients and those receiving typical antipsychotic drugs were characterized by reduced interhemispheric corticocortical connectivity. This difference relative to normal controls was less in patients under atypical antipsychotic drugs. The results could be interpreted as a beneficial effect of atypical antipsychotic drugs on information processing in schizophrenic patients. The present findings are consistent with the model of schizophrenia as a disconnection syndrome and earlier concepts of "cognitive dysmetria" in schizophrenia.     

Gene expression on liver toxicity induced by administration of haloperidol in rats with severe fatty liver

Sudden deaths are often encountered in schizophrenic patients prescribed with antipsychotic drugs, and fatty liver may be more prevalent among patients with schizophrenia. The aim of this study is to investigate the adverse effects of antipsychotic drugs on fatty liver. We administered haloperidol intraperitoneally to fatty liver rats and examined the mRNA expression in the liver. Basic expressions of cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A2, CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 decreased, and response of these CYPs to haloperidol was reduced in the fatty liver. Metabolism of haloperidol was also suppressed in the fatty liver rats. Moreover, hepatic injury by administration of haloperidol was shown pathohistologically and molecular-biologically in severe fatty liver. These results suggest that fatty liver increases susceptibility to adverse effects of haloperidol, possibly leading to life-threatening events. It should be noted by clinicians that excessive dose of antipsychotic drugs may be more harmful in patients with fatty liver.     

慢性功能性便秘对老年人健康的影响及防治

 目的研究慢性功能性便秘对老年人健康的影响及防治措施.方法对332例老年慢性功能性便秘患者的临床资料进行总结.结果发现诱发和加重老年人慢性功能性便秘的临床因素包括性别、原发病及伴发病等.本组病例某些特定原发病存在明显的性别差异,主要伴发病的发生率为冠心病60.54%、糖尿病28.61%、脑血管疾病16.87%、帕金森病6.93%,而且原发病或伴发病并发3种以上(包括3种)分别为65.66%和59.34%.结论慢性功能性便秘严重影响了老年人的健康,深入探讨其特点及规律,采取积极的应对措施将极大地改善老年人的生活质量.     

首发精神分裂症药物治疗前后的fMRI研究

目的:探讨首发精神分裂症患者治疗前后倒背数字作业测验(BDST)fMRI脑内激活区的特点.方法:符合ICD-10精神分裂症诊断标准的首发患者及正常志愿者各18例,以BDST作为刺激任务,进行fMRI检查,氯丙嗪治疗后的患者中9例再次接受fMRI检查.结果:在BDST的fMRI检查中,对照组的左侧额上回、双侧额中回、左侧额下回、左侧中央前回、左侧顶上小叶、左侧缘上回、左侧颞下回及左侧枕颞外侧回等脑区均有明显激活;而首发精神分裂症患者的左侧额上回、左侧额下回及双侧顶叶后下部等脑区激活低下.9例用氯丙嗪治疗后的患者左侧额上回及左侧额下回的激活低下明显改善(P＜0.05).结论:fMRI不仅可以为首发精神分裂症患者的临床诊断提供可靠的诊断依据,而且还能为精神分裂症临床药物疗效的评价提供了一个新的客观指标.