Surgical and endovascular treatment of unruptured cerebral aneurysms at university hospitals.

OBJECTIVE: To compare complications of surgical clipping and coil embolization in the treatment of unruptured aneurysms. BACKGROUND: Surgical clipping has been the preferred treatment for unruptured cerebral aneurysms but endovascular coil embolization is an increasingly employed alternative. No direct comparisons of the techniques are available to guide clinical decision making. METHODS: We performed a cohort study of patients treated for unruptured cerebral aneurysms at 60 university hospitals from January 1994 through June 1997 using the University HealthSystem Consortium database. The database was validated by chart review from one of the participant universities. The main outcome measures were in-hospital mortality and adverse outcomes, defined as in-hospital deaths and discharges to nursing homes or rehabilitation hospitals. RESULTS: The primary treatment modality was surgical in 2,357 cases and endovascular in 255 cases. Adverse outcomes were significantly more common in surgical cases (18.5%) compared to endovascular cases (10.6%) (p = 0.002), and the difference was not altered after adjusting for age, sex, race, transfer admissions, emergency room admissions, and year of treatment (odds ratio [OR] 2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4 to 3.3; p = 0.001). In-hospital mortality was also increased in surgical cases (2.3% versus 0.4%; p = 0.039), but the difference was not significant in the multivariable model (OR 6.3, 95% CI 0.9 to 46.1; p = 0.07). Length of stay and hospital charges were significantly greater for surgical cases (p < 0.0001 for each), and these differences were not affected by risk adjustment. CONCLUSION: Endovascular coil embolization resulted in fewer adverse outcomes than surgery for unruptured cerebral aneurysms treated at the university hospitals studied. Although these results should be seen as preliminary, the magnitude of difference and current predominance of surgery appear to justify a randomized trial.     

Treatment of ruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms by endovascular approach: a single-center experience

Purpose: The optimal treatment modalities of ruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysm are still controversial. The objective of this study is to analyze the outcomes of patients with ruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms treated by endovascular coiling. Materials and methods: From October 2011 to October 2015, 67 patients with 71 ruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms received endovascular coiling in our hospital. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical, radiologic records and outcomes. Results: Of all the 71 aneurysms (67 patients), 42 were treated by coil embolization merely, 27 by stent-assisted coiling and 2 unruptured aneurysms in patients with bilateral middle cerebral artery aneurysms without receiving treatment. Complete occlusion was achieved in 82.6% (57/69) of all the procedures. Each of incomplete and partial occlusion rates was 8.7% (6/69). Intraoperative rupture of aneurysms occurred in two procedures (2.9%). Thrombogenesis occurred in eight procedures (11.6%). Brain infarction occurred in eight patients (11.9%). Post-operative rebleeding occurred in seven patients (10.4%). Sixty-three patients were followed at a mean follow-up of 8.24 ± 7.16 months. The mortality and good outcome rate were 3.2% and 90.5%, respectively. Aneurysm recurrence occurred in 6 (13.3%) of the 45 aneurysms at a mean follow-up of 8.44 ± 7.83 months. Conclusions: Endovascular coiling is effective for patients with ruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms. Individualized treatment should be assessed by experienced specialist. It is essential to perform randomized large trials to confirm the efficiency of endovascular coiling.     

破裂性颅内动脉瘤介入术中再破裂的危险因素分析及应急处理

目的 探讨破裂性颅内动脉瘤介入术中再破裂的危险因素、应急处理办法及疗效.方法分析自2005年至2009年广东医学院附属医院神经外科收治的236例行介入治疗的破裂性颅内动脉瘤患者的临床资料,应用非条件logistic逐步回归方法分析其介入术中再破裂的危险因素,并总结其中发生再破裂的16例患者(6.78%)的处理措施及疗效. 结果 破裂性颅内动脉瘤介入术中再破裂的危险因素为:微小动脉瘤(OR=6.353,95%CI:1.26～31.894,P=0.025),A1、M1远端动脉瘤(OR=35.449,95%CI:3.053～411.642,P=0.004),动脉粥样硬化(OR=5.961,95%CI:1.215～29.260,P=0.028),轻度脑血管痉挛(OR=13.048,95%CI:1.220～139.574,P=0.034),重度脑血管痉挛(OR=14.826,95%CI:1.871～117.488,P=0.011).16例患者均采用鱼精蛋白快速中和肝素及迅速完成动脉瘤的栓塞,其中12例Hunt-HessⅢ级以上者予急诊行脑室外引流术,结果6例死亡,1例植物生存状态,9例恢复良好. 结论 动脉硬化,脑血管痉挛,微小动脉瘤,A1、M1远端动脉瘤等因素容易导致破裂性颅内动脉瘤介入术中再破裂.快速中和肝素及迅速完成动脉瘤的栓塞,对重症患者行急诊脑室外引流术是应对介入术中动脉瘤再破裂的关键,有利于病死率降低,预后改善.

Abstract：

Objective To study the risk factors of intraprocedural re-rupture (IPR) of ruptured intracranial aneurysms, and the emergency management on this event and its efficacy. Methods The clinical data of 236 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms, admitted to our hospital from 2005 to 2009 and treated with embolization, were retrospectively analyzed; non-conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the risk factors of IPR of ruptured intracranial aneurysms. And the emergency management of IPR and its efficacy were concluded in 16 patients with IPR. Results The risk factors of IPR of ruptured intracranial aneurysms included small aneurysms with a diameter smaller than or equaling to 3.0 mm (OR=6.353, 95% CI: 1.266-31.894, P=0.025), aneurysms at distal part of Al and M1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery or middle cerebral artery (OR=35.449, 95% CI:3.053-411.642, P=0.004), atherosclerosis (OR=5.961, 95% CI: 1.215-29.260, P=0.028), mild vasospasm (OR=13.048, 95% CI: 1.220-139.574, P=0.034) and severe vasospasm (OR=14.826, 95% CI:1.871-117.488, P=0.011). Immediate reversal of heparin anticoagulation with protamine sulfate and rapid completion of coiling were performed in 16 patients (6.78%) occurred IPR. Emergent external ventricular drainage was performed in 12 patients having above Hunt-Hess grade Ⅲ:6 patients died; 1 was under persistent vegetative state and 9 fully recovered. Conclusion Small aneurysms, atherosclerosis,cerebral vasospasm and aneurysms at the distal part of Al or M1 segment may easily lead to IPR of ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Rapid completion of coiling combined with immediate reversal of heparin anticoagulation, and emergent external ventricular drainage performed in severe patients are confirmed to be the keys, which can decrease the death rate and improve the prognosis.     

Which unruptured cerebral aneurysms should be treated? A cost-utility analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine which unruptured cerebral aneurysms should be treated considering the risks. benefits, and costs. BACKGROUND: Asymptomatic unruptured cerebral aneurysms are commonly treated by surgical clipping or endovascular coil embolization to prevent subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). METHODS: We performed a cost-utility analysis comparing surgical clipping and endovascular coil embolization with no treatment for unruptured aneurysms. Eight clinical scenarios were defined based on aneurysm size, symptoms, and history of SAH from a different aneurysm. Health outcomes of a hypothetical cohort of 50-year-old women were modeled over the projected lifetime of the cohort. Costs were assessed from the societal perspective. We compared net quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and cost per QALY of each therapy to no treatment. RESULTS: For an asymptomatic unruptured aneurysm less than 10 mm in diameter in patients with no history of SAH from a different aneurysm, both procedures resulted in a net loss in QALYs, and confidence intervals (CI) were not compatible with a benefit from treatment (clipping, loss of 1.6 QALY [95% CI 1.1 to 2.1]; coiling, loss of 0.6 QALY [95% CI 0.2 to 0.8]). For larger aneurysms (> or = 10 mm), those producing symptoms by compressing neighboring nerves and brain structures, or in patients with a history of SAH from a different aneurysm, treatment was cost-effective. Coiling appeared more effective and cost-effective than clipping but these differences depended on relatively uncertain model parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of small, asymptomatic, unruptured cerebral aneurysms in patients without a history of SAH worsens clinical outcomes, and thus is neither effective nor cost-effective. For aneurysms that are > or = 10 mm or symptomatic, or in patients with a history of SAH, treatment appears to be cost-effective.     

Outcomes of early physiotherapy in patients with cerebral aneurysms treated by surgical clipping or endovascular embolization

Early physiotherapy was given to 124 patients with ruptured or unruptured cerebral aneurysms who were treated by surgical clipping or endovascular embolization.Patients were divided into four groups according to their Hunt and Hess grade at admission and aneurysm treatment modality: Group 1,Hunt and Hess grade≤II and surgical clipping;Group 2,Hunt and Hess grade≤II and endovascular embolization;Group 3,Hunt and Hess grade≥III and surgical clipping;Group 4,Hunt and Hess grade≥III and endovascular embolization.Level of consciousness was evaluated using the Glasgow Coma Scale,functional status using the Glasgow Outcome Scale,level of the mobility using the Mobility Scale for acute stroke patients,and independence in activities of daily living using the Barthel Index.After early physiotherapy,the level of consciousness and functional status improved significantly in Groups 1,3,and 4;mobility improved significantly in all groups;and independence in activities of daily living improved significantly in Groups 1 and 3.At discharge, Groups 1 and 2 had better functional status than Groups 3 and 4.Level of consciousness,functional status,mobility and independence in activities of daily living improved after early physiotherapy. These findings suggest that early physiotherapy improved the prognosis of patients with cerebral aneurysms who were treated by surgical clipping or endovascular embolization.Patients with a worse clinical status at presentation had a poorer functional status at discharge.The outcome of physiotherapy was not affected by whether surgical clipping or endovascular embolization was chosen for treatment of the aneurysm.     

可脱性弹簧圈血管内栓塞颅内动脉瘤(附126例分析)

目的　探讨可脱性弹簧圈血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的效果及技术要点。方法　对 1 2 6例颅内动脉瘤应用微导管技术 ,在数字减影血管造影 (DSA)监视下行血管内栓塞治疗 ,其中 85例 90个动脉瘤用机械式可脱性弹簧圈 (MDS)栓塞 ,41例 42个动脉瘤用电解式可脱性弹簧圈 (GDC)栓塞。结果　成功栓塞 1 2 6例 1 3 2个动脉瘤 ,1 2 3例痊愈 ,3例死亡。1 0 0 %栓塞 1 2 4个 ,95%栓塞 6个 ,90 %栓塞 2个。并发动脉瘤破裂 4例 ,并发脑梗死 2例 ,其中 1例痊愈 ,1例死亡 ;1例微弹簧末端逸出并顽固性脑血管痉挛致死亡。 2例复发者再予GDC栓塞而治愈。结论　血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤是一种比较安全、可靠、有效的治疗手段 ,但动脉硬化明显 ,导管到位困难者及术前呼吸、循环功能衰竭者不宜行血管内治疗。动脉瘤较大者 ,术后复发率高 ;术前反复蛛网膜下腔出血者 ,术中动脉瘤破裂的可能性较大。     

Clinical and Radiogical Outcomes of Endovascular Detachable Coil Embolization in Paraclinoid Aneurysms : A 10-Year Experience

Objective

Direct surgical clipping of paraclinoid aneurysms poses technical challenges to even very experienced neurosurgeons, making endovascular treatment an alternative treatment modality in many centers. We have therefore retrospectively evaluated the safety and efficacy of endovascular detachable coil embolization of paraclinoid aneurysms.

Methods

From June 1997 to June 2007, 65 patients underwent endovascular detachable coiling for 67 paraclinoid aneurysms (of which 9 were ruptured and 58 were unruptured) in our institute. Their medical records, radiological images and readings, and operation records were reviewed retrospectively.

Results

After the initial embolization procedure, complete occlusion was achieved in 29 (43.3%) of the aneurysms treated by endovascular detachable coiling. Six aneurysms required retreatment, with two each requiring one, two, or three additional endovascular procedures. Fifty-five (82.1%) aneurysms were measured by three-dimensional time of flight (TOF) magnetic resonance images (MRI) or transfemoral cerebral angiography (TFCA) at a mean follow-up of 29.7 months (range from 4 to 94 months), with 39 aneurysms (70.9%) showing complete occlusion. Thromboembolic events (3.8%) were the most frequent complication. Rupture did not occur during or after any of the procedures. According to the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), 98.4% of the patients treated by coil embolization had a score of 4 or 5.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that endovascular detachable coiling is a safe and effective treatment modality in paraclinoid aneurysms.     

Endovascular management of unruptured intracranial aneurysms: does outcome justify treatment?

OBJECTIVE: The appropriate management of unruptured intracranial aneurysms depends on a complete understanding of their natural history and on the risks and efficacy of treatment options. There is little current data on the risks of endovascular therapy for these aneurysms. The aim of this study was to assess outcome of endovascular treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. METHOD: A retrospective analysis was performed on all unruptured aneurysms treated by Guglielmi detachable (GD) coils at this institution from 1994 to 2000. RESULTS: Seventy three unruptured aneurysms were treated in 62 patients. There were 52 female and 10 male patients, with a median age of 55.7 years. Clinical background was: subarachnoid haemorrhage due to rupture of an additional aneurysm (40), headache (4), third nerve palsy (four), familial (four), and incidental (10). There were 14 technical failures with no clinical sequelae. Four procedural complications occurred (5.5%, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.3% to 10.9%). One patient had temporary clinical sequelae (1.4%, 95% CI 0% to 2.7%); 79% of treated aneurysms had stable occlusions at follow up, 10.5% showed improved occlusion grade, 10.5% showed some recurrence, and three patients have required retreatment. Follow up modified Glasgow outcome scores were grade 1, 71%; grade 2, 18%; grade 3, 3%; grade 4, 3%. There were no deaths or haemorrhages during the follow up period. Two patients died as a result of complications from subarachnoid haemorrhage. CONCLUSION: The endovascular treatment of patients with unruptured aneurysms is safe with few clinical or procedural complications. Poor outcomes were only seen in those patients who presented with subarachnoid haemorrhage due to rupture of an aneurysm at another site.     

血管内栓塞治疗颅内破裂动脉瘤

目的讨论以可脱性弹簧圈血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的疗效及技术要点。方法对68例颅内动脉瘤患者分别采用水解脱和电解可脱性弹簧圈进行动脉瘤囊内栓塞。结果71个动脉瘤中完全闭塞52个，闭塞95％以上12个，闭塞90％以上7个，术中动脉瘤破裂2例，脑血管痉挛5例，死亡2例。42例随访3～30个月无复发。结论对破裂颅内动脉瘤采用可脱性弹簧圈进行血管内栓塞疗效可靠；是一种较为理想的治疗方法，早期栓塞及有效的术后处理是提高治愈率的重要方法。     

颅内动脉瘤的血管内栓塞治疗

目的探讨血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的疗效。方法回顾性分析了34例颅内动脉瘤的血管内栓塞治疗,其中3例行球囊瘤内栓塞治疗,5例行载瘤动脉球囊闭塞术,26例行GDC栓塞治疗。结果26例GDC栓塞患者中,100%栓塞16例,90~95%栓塞8例,不到90%栓塞2例;术中出现脑血管痉挛3例,脑血栓形成2例,未出现动脉瘤破裂;34例病人出院时按格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)评价结果,良好26例,中残6例,重残2例,无植物生存及死亡病例;术后随访无再出血病例。结论由于血管内治疗技术和材料的不断进步,尤其是GDC的广泛应用,多数颅内动脉瘤可以进行有效的血管内栓塞治疗。     

弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内小型动脉瘤28例临床分析

目的探讨介入栓塞治疗颅内小型动脉瘤的临床疗效。方法回顾分析2010年1月-2013年12月六安市人民医院用弹簧圈栓塞治疗的28例病人共30个颅内小型动脉瘤,单纯弹簧圈栓塞23个,需用支架辅助栓塞5个。并发脑积水者术后及时予侧脑室穿刺外引流2例,蛛网膜下腔积血较厚者术后予腰穿释放血性脑脊液5例。结果 30个小型动脉瘤栓塞术中破裂1例,支架诱发血管痉挛及梗塞1例。最终,死亡1例,放弃继续住院治疗2例,其余病例均达到1年至4年的随访,动脉瘤复发1例,其余均未复发。结论弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内小型动脉瘤效果良好,术后积极处理严重的蛛网膜下腔积血及脑积水,可改善预后。     

Outcomes After Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage at Hospitals Offering Angioplasty for Cerebral Vasospasm: A National Level Analysis in the United States

Background

Primary angioplasty has been introduced for the treatment of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The data regarding the therapeutic benefit of angioplasty in improving patient outcomes are limited, hence its utilization at hospitals remains controversial and currently is not reimbursed by Medicare or major insurance companies.

Methods

We analyzed the data from Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), a nationally representative dataset of all admissions in the United States from 2005 to 2007. We analyzed the prevalence of angioplasty procedure for cerebral vasospasm at the national level. In-hospital mortality, discharge status, length of stay, and cost of hospitalization were compared between hospitals performing angioplasty with those not performing angioplasty in multivariable model, adjusted for patient’s age, utilization of endovascular aneurysm obliteration, and disease severity.

Results

Of the 74,356 estimated patients with nontraumatic SAH, 47% (n = 35,172) were admitted to hospitals that perform angioplasty for cerebral vasospasm and only 1307 patients (3.8%) were treated with angioplasty for vasospasm. In multivariable analysis, after adjustment for patient and hospital characteristics, we found that patients admitted to hospitals performing angioplasty had higher rates of discharge to home without supervision (OR 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1–1.6). There was no difference in in-hospital mortality, length of stay, or cost of hospitalization.

Conclusions

Our analysis suggests that the odds of a patient being discharged to home are better at hospitals performing angioplasty for cerebral vasospasm. Provision of angioplasty may be used as a surrogate marker of model of care in management of patients with SAH.

     

The Merits of Endovascular Coil Surgery for Patients with Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms

Objective

The purpose of this study was to report the morbidity, mortality, angiographic results, and merits of elective coiling of unruptured intracranial aneurysms.

Methods

Ninety-six unruptured aneurysms in 92 patients were electively treated with detachable coils. Eighty-one of these aneurysms were located in the anterior circulation, and 15 were located in the posterior circulation. Thirty-six aneurysms were treated in the presence of previously ruptured aneurysms that had already undergone operation. Nine unruptured aneurysms presented with symptoms of mass effect. The remaining 51 aneurysms were incidentally discovered in patients with other cerebral diseases and in individuals undergoing routine health maintenance. Angiographic and clinical outcomes and procedure-related complications were analyzed.

Results

Eight procedure-related untoward events (8.3%) occurred during surgery or within procedure-related hospitalization, including thromboembolism, sac perforation, and coil migration. Permanent procedural morbidity was 2.2% ; there was no mortality. Complete occlusion was achieved in 73 (76%) aneurysms, neck remnant occlusion in 18 (18.7%) aneurysms, and incomplete occlusion in five (5.2%) aneurysms. Recanalization occurred in 8 (15.4%) of 52 coiled aneurysms that were available for follow-up conventional angiography or magnetic resonance angiography over a mean period of 13.3 months. No ruptures occurred during the follow-up period (12-79 months).

Conclusion

Endovascular coil surgery for patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms is characterized by low procedural mortality and morbidity and has advantages in patients with poor general health, cerebral infarction, posterior circulation aneurysms, aneurysms of the proximal internal cerebral artery, and unruptured aneurysms associated with ruptured aneurysm. For the management of unruptured aneurysms, endovascular coil surgery is considered an attractive alterative option.     

Factors affecting rapid growth of unruptured cerebral aneurysms during the acute stage of subarachnoid hemorrhage

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Several unruptured cerebral aneurysms have been reported to grow and rupture. To determine which factors affect the growth of these aneurysms during the acute stage of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), a retrospective review was performed.METHODS: Between January 2000 and January 2003, 130 patients with angiographically proven ruptured cerebral aneurysms were treated at our institution. Of these patients, 32 also had simultaneous unruptured aneurysms, and the total number of the unruptured aneurysms was 40, including two neck remnants which had remained since the past clipping. Seventeen patients had 17 unruptured aneurysms and two neck remnants. The unruptured aneurysms were not treated during the acute stage of SAH but had received a complete short term follow-up.RESULTS: The rapid growth of one unruptured aneurysm and two neck remnants was confirmed by a second angiogram performed on average 40 days after the first angiogram. Several candidate factors responsible for the growth of aneurysm were selected, and the results of a statistical analysis indicate that a systolic blood pressure above 200 mmHg during the acute stage of SAH and vasospasm, confirmed by transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) or neurological examination, and neck remnants, are risk factors that affect the growth.CONCLUSIONS: Short term follow-up angiography is thus important for patients with untreated unruptured cerebral aneurysms after the acute stage of SAH.     

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene single-nucleotide polymorphism predicts cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Vasospasm is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Studies have shown a link between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene and the incidence of coronary spasm and aneurysms. Alterations in the eNOS T-786 SNP may lead to an increased risk of post-aSAH cerebral vasospasm. In this prospective clinical study, 77 aSAH patients provided genetic material and were followed for the occurrence of vasospasm. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, genotype was the only factor predictive of vasospasm. The odds ratio (OR) for symptomatic vasospasm in patients with one T allele was 3.3 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1 to 10.0, P=0.034) and 10.9 for TT. Patients with angiographic spasm were 3.6 times more likely to have a T allele (95% CI: 1.3 to 9.6, P=0.013; for TT: OR 12.6). Patients with severe vasospasm requiring endovascular therapy were more likely to have a T allele (OR 3.5, 95% CI: 1.3 to 9.5, P=0.016; for TT: OR 12.0). Patients with the T allele of the eNOS gene are more likely to have severe vasospasm. Presence of this genotype may allow the identification of individuals at high risk for post-aSAH vasospasm and lead to early treatment and improved outcome.     

Current update on the randomized controlled trials of intracranial aneurysms

Endovascular coiling has become the primary treatment modality for the treatment of intracranial ruptured aneurysms in many centers. A multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT), ISAT study, has demonstrated that endovascular coiling of ruptured intracranial aneurysms has benefits over surgical clipping in those patients suitable for either treatment. Because RCT comparing conservative management with surgical clipping and with endovascular coiling have not been performed to date for unruptured intracranial aneurysms, the best management for unruptured aneurysm remains unclear. A RCT is ongoing to answer the question whether active treatment can improve the outcome of patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms as compared with observation.     

血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤时间窗的临床评价

目的 评价不同时间窗内对动脉瘤患者进行血管内治疗的效果,探讨早期血管内治疗能否改善动脉瘤患者的预后.方法 回顾性分析165例血管内治疗动脉瘤破裂出血患者的临床资料,按手术至发病时间不同分为3组:A组在出血后24 h内进行治疗;B组在手术至出血时间为24 h-3 d进行治疗;C组在3 d后进行治疗.比较分析各组患者预后及主要并发症的发生率,包括再出血、脑积水及脑血管痉挛.结果 早期及超早期治疗组再出血、脑血管痉挛及脑积水等主要并发症的发生率明显低于延期治疗组(P＜0.01);延期治疗组患者脑血管痉挛发生的程度最严重,持续时间最长,早期治疗组次之,而在24 h内得到治疗的患者,脑血管痉挛可以控制在较低水平,持续时间亦明显缩短;无论轻型或重型患者,早期治疗组预后评分均显著高于延期治疗组.结论 早期血管内介入治疗能明显降低动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者的并发症发生率,改善患者预后.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the effects of endovascular embolization treatment for intracranial aneurysms in different time. Methods To respectively analyse the clinical data of 165 cases of ruptured intracranial aneurysm treated by endovascular treatment. The patients were divided into 3 groups accrodding to the time of treatment, endovascular reatments were stated within 24 h in group A, 3 d in group B and after 3 d in group C. The outcomes and complications including rebleeding, vasospasm and hydrocephala of 3 groups were compared. Results The incidence of rebleeding, vasospasm and hydrocephala in group A and B were lower than that in group C ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). Vasospasm in group C was most severe. The GOS score was highest in group A and lowest in group C. Conclusion Endovascular embolization treatment is a safe and effective method for treatment of intracranial aneurysm. The timing of treatment is a major factor for technical success.     

Endovascular Treatment of Aneurysms Arising from the Proximal Segment of the Anterior Cerebral Artery

Objective

Aneurysms arising from the proximal segment of the anterior cerebral artery (A1) are rare and challenging to treat. The aim of this study was to report our experience with endovascular treatment of A1 Aneurysms.

Methods

From August 2007 through May 2012, eleven A1 aneurysms in eleven patients were treated endovascularly. Six aneurysms were unruptured and 5 were ruptured. One patient with an unruptured A1 aneurysm presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage due to rupture of an anterior communicating artery aneurysm. Procedural data, clinical and angiographic results were reviewed retrospectively.

Results

All of the aneurysms were successfully treated with coil embolization. Six were treated with a simple technique while the remaining 5 required adjunctive technique : double catheters (n=2), balloon-assisted (n=2), and stent-assisted (n=1). The immediate angiographic control showed a complete occlusion in all cases. Procedure-related complication occurred in only one patient : parent artery occlusion, which was not clinically significant. All patients had excellent clinical outcomes but one patient was discharged with a slight disability. No neurologic deterioration or bleeding was seen during the follow-up period in this cohort of patients. Follow-up angiography (mean, 20 months) was available in ten patients and revealed stable occlusion in all cases.

Conclusion

Endovascular treatment is a feasible and effective therapeutic modality for A1 aneurysms. Tailored microcatheter shaping and/or adjunctive techniques are necessary for successful aneurysm embolization because of the projection and location of A1 aneurysms.     

未破裂颅内动脉瘤的临床特点及血管内栓塞治疗

目的总结未破裂颅内动脉瘤的临床特点以及用电解可脱性弹簧圈(GDC)血管内栓塞治疗的技术要点、并发症及其防治经验,并客观评价其必要性、安全性及治疗效果。方法采用电解可脱性弹簧圈对46例未破裂颅内动脉瘤患者进行动脉瘤囊内栓塞。结果成功栓塞46个动脉瘤,其中100%闭塞42个,95%闭塞3个,90%闭塞1个,全组无死亡。术中并发脑血管痉挛2例,弹簧圈末端逸出1例,1例复发者经二次填充GDC栓塞而治愈。术后随访12~72个月,临床症状均消失,20例有颅神经压迫症状者18例完全恢复正常,另2例为永久性动眼神经不全麻痹,全组术后均无破裂出血。结论对未破裂颅内动脉瘤早期诊断和早期治疗是必要的,采用电解可脱性弹簧圈进行动脉瘤囊内栓塞的方法安全实用、疗效可靠。     

Comparison of endovascular and surgical treatments for intracranial aneurysms: an evidence-based review

Intracranial aneurysms can be treated with endovascular or surgical techniques. We provide an objective comparison of these treatments, using data from single-centre studies, multicentre studies with and without independent outcome ascertainment, and randomised clinical trials. We compared the outcomes of patients who were candidates for endovascular treatment, surgical treatment, or both. In patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms, rates of aneurysm obliteration were higher, and need for second treatment was lower, after surgery than after endovascular treatment. However, in observational studies and randomised trials, outcome at discharge, at 2-6 months, and at 1 year, and later survival, were all better after endovascular treatment than after surgery. The results suggest that the higher rates of incomplete obliteration and retreatment after endovascular treatment do not affect patients' clinical outcome. In observational studies of patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms, discharge outcomes were better and hospital costs were lower after endovascular treatment than after surgery. These patients showed no difference between the two treatments in 1-year outcomes and later rebleeding, although few data were available for this comparison.