脑血管CTA预测高血压脑出血患者血肿扩大的临床分析

 目的 分析脑血管CTA检查中造影剂外渗与急性期高血压脑出血血肿扩大的关系。 方法 63例急性期高血压脑出血患者入院后行头颅CT及脑血管CTA检查,24 h后复查头颅CT,观察造影剂外渗情况,分析脑 血管CTA检查过程中造影剂外渗与血肿扩大的关系。 结果 血肿扩大组11例(17.46%),血肿无扩大组52例 (82.54%)。血肿扩大11例患者中造影剂外渗者9例,CTA阳性预测血肿扩大准确率81.82%,造影剂外渗患者血肿量增加（27.63 ±11.52）ml,造影剂无外渗患者血肿量增加（3.12±1.48）ml（ P =0.006）,血肿扩大组血肿量增加（20.18±12.27） ml,血肿无扩大组出血量增加（1.59±1.05） ml（ P =0.027）。 结论 在脑血管CTA检查中,造影剂外 渗与急性期高血压脑出血血肿扩大有明显相关性,可预测高血压脑出血血肿扩大情况。     

CTA对颅内动脉瘤破裂急性期手术夹闭的指导意义

目的:研究CTA对颅内破裂动脉瘤急性期显微外科手术治疗的指导意义.方法:对35例自发性蛛网膜下腔出血患者行CTA检查,采用容积再现(VR)、最大密度投影(MIP)和仿真血管内窥镜(VE)等方法进行图像重组,多角度显示动脉瘤的形状、大小、瘤颈,动脉瘤与载瘤动脉、周边血管及骨质的关系,并在CT工作站上模拟手术入路,以指导手术的进行.结果:手术共证实38处动脉瘤,CTA检出37处,敏感度为97.4%,特异度为100%,诊断符合率为97.4%.另外,CTA检出动脉瘤内血栓9例(9/9),穿支血管6例(6/8).术前CTA清晰显示了动脉瘤载瘤动脉及与颅骨的空间关系,与术中所见高度一致.结论:CTA对颅内动脉瘤急性期手术方案的制定有重要指导意义.     

Diagnostic imaging of subarachnoid hemorrhage

Subarachnoid hemorrhage is characterized by the extravasation of blood into the spaces covering the central nervous system which are filled with cerebrospinal fluid. The leading cause of non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage is rupture of an intracranial aneurysm. Computed tomography (CT) scanning of the head should be the first examination performed in any patient with suspected subarachnoid hemorrhage. The characteristic appearance of extravasated blood is hyperdense. Head CT scanning can also demonstrate intraparenchymal hematomas, hydrocephalus and cerebral edema and can help predict the site of aneurysm rupture.     

Perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage: when to stop imaging?

To evaluate the yield of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and repeated follow-up imaging in patients with initial pattern of perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage (PSAH) and negative computed tomography angiography (CTA) in excluding an underlying aneurysm. We conducted a retrospective analysis of all nontraumatic SAH who underwent a DSA between January 2006 and January 2010 and selected those with a PSAH pattern on CT done within 72 h from ictus. All CTAs were performed with a 64-section multidetector row CT scanner, and findings were compared with DSA and to follow-up imaging. Forty-nine patients with initial PSAH pattern and negative CTA who underwent subsequent DSA were identified. Six patients were excluded because CTA was not available in hospitals or 72 h after ictus. Only one patient (2.4%) had a false negative CTA with a 1-mm left ICA aneurysm seen on DSA, considered not to be the source of hemorrhage. An average of 2.0 ± 1.2 follow-up exams per patient (range 0–5) revealed no source of bleeding. One patient had a procedure-related transient complication, but evolved with no sequels. In patients with PSAH, CTA is reliable for ruling out an underlying aneurysm. DSA and, especially, further follow-up imaging have no increased diagnostic yield compared to initial negative CTA.     

16层螺旋CT血管造影在颅内动脉瘤破裂中的临床应用

目的通过与DSA和手术对照,探讨16层螺旋CT血管造影（CTA）在颅内动脉瘤破裂的临床应用价值。资料与方法对33例动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）、脑出血患者进行回顾性分析,33例均使用16层螺旋CT进行了CTA检查,其中18例行DSA检查;6例DSA下介入治疗,27例开颅行动脉瘤颈夹闭术;将CTA与DSA和术中所见对照。结果33例中,CTA共发现动脉瘤36个,其中18例行DSA检查者中,CTA发现动脉瘤20个,DSA发现动脉瘤21个;CTA能够清晰显示动脉瘤瘤体（形态、指向、轮廓）、瘤颈的宽度、载瘤动脉及与颅骨之间的关系;与DSA和手术对照,CTA对动脉瘤的检出率为95．2％,对破裂动脉瘤的诊断敏感性和特异性均为100％。结论16层螺旋CT脑血管造影重组图像质量高,安全、快速、无创,可以作为颅内动脉瘤破裂首选的筛检方法。     

Subarachnoid hemorrhage without aneurysm

The rupture and bleeding of intracranial aneurysms is the most common cause of a spontaneous, non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). In up to 20% of these patients, no aneurysm is found, but the prognosis of these patients is known to be better than in those with aneurysms. The retrospective evaluation of the initial CT- and angiographic findings of 773 patients with spontaneous SAH, who underwent (up to three) 4-vessel DSA, brought a percentage of 12.4% with negative angiography. We found the favourable prognosis of these patients with negative angiography not only to be dependent from the distribution of the hemorrhage, with preference to perimesencephalic pattern, but the initial clinical state. 85% of our patients, who presented with perimesencephalic blood pattern and even 80% of those patients with additional intraventricular hemorrhage but the good clinical condition of Hunt-Hess I/II were discharged without neurological deficits. We recommend the obligatory 4-vessel catheter-angiography (DSA) in all patients with spontaneous SAH, independent of the blood pattern on initial CT, and one control in the presence of other than perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage, CTA might be reserved for additional controls.     

Extravasation of intracranial aneurysm during computed tomography angiography: mimicking a blood vessel

Two cases of contrast media extravasation of a ruptured aneurysm during computed tomography angiography (CTA) are described. The contrast media extravasation appeared as a highly attenuated twisted ribbon-like structure originating from the aneurysmal dome, and this mimicked a vascular structure. Because rebleeding of an aneurysm is accompanied by disastrous consequences, it is important to understand the imaging feature of active bleeding on CTA.     

The “Spot Sign” secondary to a ruptured lenticulostriate artery aneurysm

The “Spot Sign” is a well-recognized radiographic predictor for hematoma expansion in patients with intracerebral hemorrhages. Although the exact underlying pathophysiology is unknown, it is generally assumed to be the site of blood vessel rupture and contrast extravasation. We report a case of an 81-year-old man who presented with right basal ganglia hemorrhage and the “Spot Sign” on computed tomography angiography. Conventional angiography subsequently revealed a lenticulostriate artery aneurysm within the hematoma, which was treated with surgical clipping. This case demonstrates that rare entities such as lenticulostriate aneurysms must be kept in the differential diagnoses in order to optimize patient management and improve clinical outcome.     

Computer tomography as the primary radiologic procedure in acute subarachnoid hemorrhage

CT was performed in 149 patients with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage and clinical findings consistent with an aneurysm rupture, and was found informative in most cases when performed within one week after the hemorrhage. CT disclosed in 29 per cent of cases other causes for the hemorrhage than a ruptured aneurysm (intracerebral hemorrhage, tumor, trauma, infarct) and an extensive angiographic evaluation could be omitted. In those patients where the hemorrhage was caused by an aneurysm rupture, the distribution of extravasated blood in the subarachnoid space and the brain parenchyma usually indicated the aneurysm location--angiography could thus be restricted to the proper vessel. These capabilities of CT are sufficient to economically motivate its routine use as the primary investigation in cases with an acute subarachnoid hemorrhage.     

成人出血型烟雾病的CTA表现

目的:探讨成人出血型烟雾病(Moyamoya病)的CTA表现特征。方法:回顾性分析78例诊断为成人Moyamoya病的临床及CTA资料。结果:178例成人Moyamoya病中出血型的发生率为47.4%(37/78);不同性别发病率和发病年龄之间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。2出血原因与CT表现:动脉瘤破裂出血发生率16.2%(6/37),以蛛网膜下腔出血(66.7%)为主;脉络膜前动脉破裂出血发生率48.6%(18/37),其中66.7%表现为脉络膜前动脉扩张并伴有后交通动脉扩张,以脑实质出血破入脑室(50%)和单纯脑室出血(27.8%)为主;异常增生的烟雾状血管破裂发生率35.1%(13/37),以单纯脑实质出血(38.5%)和脑实质出血破入脑室(30.8%)为主。结论:依据CTA的表现,结合出血发生的类型和部位,能够进一步推断Moyamoya病出血的原因,为进一步的干预治疗提供依据。     

CTA对脑卒中家族史人群颅内动脉瘤的筛查研究

目的 探讨CT血管造影(CTA)对脑卒中家族史人群颅内动脉瘤的筛查状况.方法 招募200例本院就诊的有阳性脑卒中家族史的志愿者.其中男108例,女92例,统一接受头颅CTA检查、体格检查及实验室检查,并对检查结果进行分析研究.结果 200例志愿者在人口学特征,既往病史和体质检测方面,男、女志愿者之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);在生活方式上,男性志愿者的吸烟率和饮酒率均高于女性志愿者(P＜0.05),女性志愿者的用药率高于男性志愿者(P＜0.05).200例有脑卒中家族史的志愿者中,27例(13.5％)患有颅内动脉瘤,其中男13例(12.03％)、女14例(15.22％),有1例发生动脉瘤破裂蛛网膜下腔出血,剩余26例均未发生动脉瘤破裂,未破裂动脉瘤患病率为13％.患有颅内动脉瘤的27例中共29个动脉瘤,有2例患有2个动脉瘤,为多发动脉瘤.动脉瘤直径＜3 mm 7个(24.14％),3～7 mm 12个(41.38％),＞7 mm 10个(34.48％).动脉瘤形态分类为梭形7个(24.14％),囊性22个(75.86％),小血滴样3个(10.34％).结论 头颅CTA是检查颅内动脉瘤无创有效的方法,所提供的诊断信息特别适用于急症患者的动脉瘤筛查.     

Pregnancy-unrelated spontaneous rupture of a right ovarian artery aneurysm

Spontaneous rupture of an ovarian artery aneurysm is extremely rare. It can lead to retroperitoneal hemorrhage that is often life-threatening. We report a case of pregnancy-unrelated spontaneous rupture of a right ovarian artery aneurysm in a multiparous woman. A 29-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 3, whose latest pregnancy involved uneventful gestation and delivery 2 years previously, was admitted for right flank pain. The urine test result for pregnancy was negative. Computed tomography revealed a large retroperitoneal hematoma and right ovarian artery aneurysm with contrast extravasation. After selective angiography, embolization of the right ovarian artery was successfully achieved using microcoils. Diagnostic angiography with subsequent transcatheter arterial embolization is an effective and less invasive technique for the management of ovarian artery aneurysm.     

Mycotic aneurysm rupture of the descending aorta

A 69-year-old diabetic male with salmonella bacteremia developed hypovolemic shock and swelling of the neck. A CT examination revealed massive mediastinal hemorrhage extending into the neck soft tissues caused by false aneurysm rupture of the descending thoracic aorta. Aortography showed continuous extravasation from a large leak at the medial side of the descending thoracic aorta. Although surgical intervention was immediately performed, the patient died 3 weeks later from multiple-organ failure. In this report, CT and angiographic findings of mycotic aneurysm rupture are presented and a review is given. Received 30 July 1996; Revision received 20 May 1997; Accepted 24 June 1997     

Detection and characterization of very small cerebral aneurysms by using 2D and 3D helical CT angiography

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Many cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage are due to rupture of small cerebral aneurysms. Our purpose was to evaluate the usefulness of helical CT angiography (CTA) in the detection and characterization of very small (<5 mm) intracranial aneurysms. METHODS: One hundred eighty consecutive patients underwent CTA for suspected intracranial aneurysms. All aneurysms prospectively detected by CTA were confirmed by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) or at surgery. CT angiograms and digital subtraction angiograms were reviewed by two independent blinded radiologists who performed aneurysm detection, quantitation, and characterization using 2D multiplanar reformatted and 3D volume-rendering techniques. RESULTS: Fifty-one patients harboring 41 very small intracranial aneurysms were included in this series. Eighty-one percent (33 of 41 aneurysms) were 相似文献   

三维CTA检查预测高危颅内动脉瘤破裂出血的应用价值

目的评价三维CTA(3D-CTA)检查高危颅内动脉瘤破裂出血的应用价值及筛选敏感性指标。方法选择手术确诊颅内动脉瘤患者共60例(80个动脉瘤,破裂出血30个),均采用3D-CTA检查,评估动脉瘤数目、位置、形态、长度、高度、瘤颈宽度、瘤体颈比(AR)、入射夹角、载瘤动脉直径、高度/载瘤动脉直径(SR)、瘤体钙化及血栓,分别采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析筛选破裂的高危因素,以受试者工作曲线(ROC)评价动脉瘤破裂的诊断价值。结果单因素分析得出,破裂组患者性别和年龄、动脉瘤数目、位置、高度、载瘤动脉直径、瘤体钙化及血栓与未破裂组比较均无差异(P>0.05);但破裂组动脉瘤形态、长度、瘤颈宽度、AR、入射夹角和SR与未破裂组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析得出子囊、AR>0.98、入射夹角>105.4°和SR>0.42是动脉瘤破裂的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC分析得出AR诊断动脉瘤破裂的准确性(曲线下面积AUC值)为0.866,临界值1.15;入射夹角诊断准确性为0.845,临界值110°;SR诊断准确性为0.855,临界值0.51。结论3D-CTA检查高危颅内动脉瘤破裂出血有较好的应用价值,子囊、AR、入射夹角和SR值可能是预测破裂的敏感性指标。     

Stab wounds of the renal artery branches: angiographic diagnosis and treatment by embolization

Renal artery branch injury resulting from stab wounds of iatrogenic origin or street violence is an important cause of renal hemorrhage. Over a period of 10 years we accurately diagnosed the injury and successfully managed the associated hemorrhage in 15 patients by using angiography and percutaneous embolization techniques. Nine branch injuries in eight patients were due to street knifings and seven injuries were complications of invasive medical procedures (four from renal biopsy, two from nephrostolithotomy, and one from nephrostomy). All patients had gross hematuria at the time of angiographic evaluation. False aneurysms were present in six patients (one with associated frank extravasation), false aneurysm/arteriovenous fistula in three, false aneurysm/arteriocaliceal fistula in one, and isolated arteriovenous fistula in two. Frank extravasation without associated false aneurysm/arteriovenous fistula was present in two. One patient had two injuries, an upper-pole false aneurysm and a lower-pole false aneurysm/arteriovenous fistula. In the eight patients injured in street knifings, hematuria recurred after surgical exploration and treatment. None of the 16 injuries involved the main renal artery. Gelfoam was used for embolization of nine lesions and steel coils for four. Three others were treated with Gelfoam plus coils. Hemostasis was achieved in all and none required subsequent surgery. Renal tissue loss was small to moderate (less than 30%) in 12 patients and large (30-50%) in three patients. Transient postembolization hypertension occurred in one of the latter. We consider selective angiography/embolization to be an effective and safe means for diagnosing and treating wounds of the renal artery branches.     

Perangiographic rupture of intracranial aneurysms

Summary The reports of perangiographic rupture of intracranial aneurysm are very few, but the actual incidence is doubtless higher than reported. We could find only 49 cases in the literature, all of which were recognized by extravasation of contrast media. Three of our own cases are documented; in all of them cerebral angiography was carried out soon after subarachnoid hemorrhages. The danger of cerebral angiography in patients with a recently hemorrhaged intracranial aneurysm is stressed.     

CTA与MRA诊断动脉瘤及评估动脉瘤破裂风险的比较

 目的 比较CT血管造影术(CT angiography,CTA)与磁共振血管造影(magnetic resonance angiography,MRA)诊断动脉瘤与动脉瘤破裂的风险评估价值。方法 48例高度怀疑为颅内动脉瘤患者随机分为两组,每组24例,记为Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组,其中Ⅰ组行CTA+DSA检查,Ⅱ组行MRA+DSA检查。比较CTA及MRA对颅内动脉瘤的诊断灵敏度、诊断特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率。比较CTA及MRA对5 mm以上动脉瘤的诊断价值。结果 MRA诊断颅内动脉瘤的诊断灵敏度、诊断特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确率较CTA稍低,但二者差异无统计学意义。CTA与三维增强MR血管成像(3D CE-MRA)对5 mm以上动脉瘤的诊断能力相当,但与三维时间飞跃法MR血管成像(3D TOF MRA)相比,CTA与CE-MRA的诊断灵敏度、诊断特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确率明显较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);CTA能更清楚地显示瘤颈。结论 CTA和MRA可作为诊断动脉瘤与动脉瘤破裂的风险评估的首要手段,CTA诊断的准确率及三维形态高于MRA。     

64层螺旋CT分别减影脑动脉混合脑动静脉和脑静脉血管成像在颅内自发性出血术前评估的价值

目的：探讨64层螺旋CT分别减影脑动脉、混合脑动静脉、脑静脉血管成像在自发性颅内出血术前评估价值。方法回顾分析同时行CT血管造影（CTA）和数字减影血管造影（DSA）检查的自发性颅内出血患者共215例。 CTA检查全部行64层螺旋CT平扫、增强动脉早期和静脉早期扫描,将动、静脉早期数据减去平扫数据分别重建动脉及混合动静脉,静脉早期数据减去动脉早期数据重建静脉。结果减影脑动脉、脑静脉血管图像去除了颅骨并且动脉、静脉无相互干扰,分别清晰显示动脉或静脉病变,混合脑动静脉则去除颅骨干扰且同时显示脑动静脉病变。215例颅内出血患者中14例CTA和DSA检查颅内均未见畸形血管,2例动脉瘤DSA发现而CTA未显示,3例动脉瘤CTA发现而DSA未显示。 CTA和DSA共同显示畸形血管196例,敏感性为99．9％,特异性为82．4％,其中动脉瘤179例,动静脉畸形9例,静脉瘤3例,烟雾病5例。结论64层螺旋CT分别减影脑动脉、混合脑动静脉、脑静脉血管成像在颅内出血检查,病变及周围结构显示清楚,对临床术前评估有较大意义,值得推广应用。     

Magnetic resonance imaging of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage]

Magnetic resonance imaging of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to aneurysm rupture was evaluated in relation to CT findings in nine patients. Six patients were studied within 3 days and the other three patients were studied 4 to 6 days from the ictus of SAH using a 0.5 Tesla superconducting unit. In all of the patients, hematoma in the subarachnoid space and ventricles was demonstrated by the proton density-weighted spin echo sequence, which showed that bloody cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) had a higher signal intensity than brain tissue or normal CSF. Magnetic resonance imaging was more sensitive in detecting SAH and more informative as to the site of the ruptured aneurysm than CT. Despite some limitations in applying it to patients with acute SAH, magnetic resonance imaging has clear advantages in the diagnosis of SAH.