天麻素对血小板衍生生长因子-BB诱导大鼠血管平滑肌细胞迁移的影响

目的 探讨天麻素对血小板衍生生长因子-BB(platelet-derived growth factor-BB,PDGF-BB)诱导血管平滑肌细胞(vascular smooth muscle cell,VSMC)迁移的影响及其可能机制.方法 酶消化法获取大鼠主动脉VSMC并传代纯化.免疫荧光染色法对VSMC标记蛋白进行鉴定.建立PDGF-BB诱导细胞迁移模型.Transwell小室法评价天麻素对PDGF-BB诱导VSMC迁移的影响.蛋白质印迹法检测c-Jun N末端激酶(c-jun N-terminal kinase,JNK)磷酸化水平.结果 原代培养的VSMC纯度达99％以上.PDGF-BB组VSMC迁移数量为(85.2 ±3.486)个/视野,显著多于对照组的(42.5±1.927)个/视野(=9.981,P＜0.001),而天麻素能使PDGF-BB诱导VSMC迁移数量显著减少为(71.3 ±1.783)个/视野(t=3.550,P=0.002).蛋白质印迹分析显示,天麻素能抑制PDGF-BB诱导的JNK磷酸化(0.190±0.015对0.190±0.015;t=14.548,P=0.000).结论 天麻素可抑制PDGF-BB诱导VSMC迁移,其机制可能与抑制JNK信号通路激活有关.     

激活瞬时受体电位香草醛亚家族1改善平滑肌源性泡沫细胞形成机制研究

目的探讨瞬时受体电位香草醛亚家族1(TRPV1)在血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)泡沫化过程中的作用及可能的机制。方法将野生型C57BL/6J雄性小鼠来源主动脉VSMC不加任何试剂刺激作为对照组,另将野生型C57BL/6J雄性小鼠和Toll样受体(TLR4)基因敲除(TLR4-/-)雄性小鼠来源主动脉VSMC使用氧化型低密度脂蛋白(oxLDL)80μg/ml刺激72h,建立oxLDL细胞模型,依次作为oxLDL组、辣椒素组(造模前预先用辣椒素50μmol/ml刺激VSMC 12h)和TLR4-/-组,每组5例。采用油红O染色观察VSMC内脂质聚积情况;检测VSMC内胆固醇、TRPV1、TLR4蛋白及炎性因子白细胞介素6(IL-6)和TNF-α表达。结果与对照组比较,oxLDL组VSMC泡沫化程度、胆固醇水平明显升高,TLR4及其介导的IL-6[(44.03±3.76)ng/L vs (25.64±4.84)ng/L]、TNF-α表达[(155.64±13.32)ng/L vs (89.86±9.18)ng/L]明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而TLR4-/-组和辣椒素组VSMC泡沫化程度、胆固醇水平、TLR4及其介导的IL-6、TNF-α表达与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与oxLDL组比较,辣椒素组VSMC中TRPV1蛋白表达明显上调,同时伴随VSMC泡沫化程度、胆固醇水平、TLR4及其介导的IL-6、TNF-α表达明显下调,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论激活TRPV1可通过干扰TLR4介导的炎性反应抑制VSMC泡沫化。     

急性脑梗死患者血清CXCL16水平与卒中亚型的关系

目的 探讨急性脑梗死患者血清CXCL16水平变化及其与脑梗死TOAST病因学分型之间的关系.方法 应用酶联免疫吸附法检测113例急性脑梗死患者血清CXCL16水平,按TOAST分型进行分组,将各亚组之间以及与32例健康对照者进行比较.结果 病例组血清CXCL16水平显著高于对照组[(2.29±0.21)ng/ml对(1.75±0.21)ng/ml,t=12.863,P=0.000];大动脉粥样硬化性卒中组血清CXCL16水平显著高于小动脉闭塞性卒中组[(2.38±0.23)ng/ml对(2.21±0.11)ng/ml,q=5.743,P=0.000],而且两者均显著高于对照组(q=20.501,P=0.000;q=13.527,P=0.000).在大动脉粥样硬化性卒中组中,≥2条动脉狭窄组血清CXCL16水平与仅有1条动脉狭窄组无显著差异[(2.34±0.24)ng/ml对(2.46±0.19)ng/ml,t=-1.969,P=0.054].多变量logistic回归分析显示,CXCL16(OR=0.972,95% CI 0.956～0.978,P=0.001)和高脂血症(OR=3.547,95% CI1.160～10.848,P=0.020)足脑梗死发生的独立危险因素.结论 血清CXCL16水平在脑梗死急性期升高,与脑梗死发生密切相关,且大动脉粥样硬化性卒中组显著高于小动脉闭塞性卒中组.     

高龄乳腺癌患者外周血细胞因子和临床预后的相关性

目的探讨高龄乳腺癌患者外周血细胞因子和临床预后的关联性。方法前瞻性收集高龄(≥65岁)患者50例作为研究组,同时收集50例健康成人作为对照组。观察两组研究对象外周血白细胞介素(IL)-2、IL-10、IL-25、IL-27和IL-35水平差异,同时收集乳腺癌患者临床预后,分析IL-2、IL-10、IL-25、IL-27和IL-35与患者临床预后的关联性。结果与对照组比较,研究组IL-2水平显著降低〔(8.37±2.38)vs(32.48±4.71)ng/ml,P=0.000〕;IL-10显著升高〔(123.39±23.59)vs(23.40±5.39)ng/ml,P=0.000〕;IL-25显著降低〔(12.18±4.48)vs(28.39±6.97)ng/L,P=0.000〕;IL-27显著降低〔(18.39±6.57)vs(32.39±8.29)ng/L,P=0.000〕;IL-35显著升高〔(216.58±58.39)vs(178.03±56.59)ng/L,P=0.002〕。术后2年,共21例患者术后复发。与无复发患者比较,术后复发患者的IL-2水平显著降低〔(6.18±1.49)vs(9.96±2.94)ng/ml,P=0.000〕;IL-10显著升高〔(143.96±34.58)vs(108.49±18.75)ng/ml,P=0.000〕;IL-25显著降低〔(9.72±3.83)vs(13.96±4.82)ng/L,P=0.015〕;IL-27显著降低〔(15.74±5.39)vs(20.31±7.12)ng/L,P=0.000〕;IL-35显著升高〔(239.58±68.58)vs(199.92±49.83)ng/L,P=0.035〕。结论高龄乳腺癌患者存在一定程度的免疫抑制,可导致患者临床预后恶化。     

Toll样受体4在不同类型冠心病患者中的表达及与经皮冠状动脉介入术后支架内再狭窄的危险因素的相关性

目的分析Toll样受体4(TLR4)在不同类型冠心病患者中的表达,并探讨经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后支架内再狭窄的危险因素及与TLR4的相关性。方法连续选取因胸痛接受冠状动脉造影的患者342例,根据造影结果分为对照组44例和冠心病组298例,包括稳定性心绞痛(SAP组)48例和急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS组)250例,比较TLR4在SAP组和ACS组间的表达差异;再进一步将ACS组分为不稳定性心绞痛(UA组)68例、非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI组)85例和ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI组)97例,比较TLR4在3组间的表达差异。术后随访,根据PCI术后是否出现支架内再狭窄分为再狭窄组和未狭窄组,分析影响术后支架内再狭窄的危险因素及与TLR4的相关性。结果对照组与不同类型冠心病组在性别、年龄、病程、吸烟史、高血压、血糖、三酰甘油和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)方面均存在显著差异(均为P<0.05)。ACS组TLR4水平明显高于SAP组[(137.88±12.43)ng/ml比(97.34±9.78)ng/ml,t=2.35,P=0.02];NSTEMI组和STEMI组的TLR4水平均明显高于UA组[(147.78±15.32)ng/ml和(152.12±13.77)ng/ml比(112.37±11.38)ng/ml,t=2.23,P=0.03;t=2.74,P<0.01]。PCI术后共有18例(11.4%)患者出现支架内再狭窄,再狭窄组的TLR4水平明显高于未狭窄组[(149.94±11.43)ng/ml比(95.45±10.78)ng/ml,t=7.13,P<0.01]。Logistic回归分析发现,血糖>11.1 mmol/L(OR=2.67,95%CI:1.22～3.93,P=0.022)、术后吸烟(OR=8.65,95%CI:4.39～14.71,P=0.020)、术后停用阿司匹林>1年(OR=10.12,95%CI:6.34～16.28,P=0.016)和LDL-C>4.14 mmol/L(OR=19.35,95%CI:13.46～28.39,P=0.005)为PCI术后支架内再狭窄的危险因素,且TLR4与血糖、停用阿司匹林时间和LDL-C均呈正相关(r=0.685,P=0.02;r=0.557,P=0.03;r=0.473,P=0.04)。结论 TLR4在ACS患者中的表达,不同类型冠心病较SAP患者明显升高,NSTEMI和STEMI又较UA患者明显升高;血糖>11.1 mmol/L、术后吸烟、停用阿司匹林时间>1年和LDL-C>4.14 mmol/L与PCI术后支架内再狭窄相关,且血糖、停用阿司匹林时间和LDL-C水平与TLR4均呈正相关。     

TLR4/NF-κB信号通路在ox-LDL诱导的血管平滑肌细胞分泌MCP-1中的作用

目的:探讨Toll样受体4/核因子-κB(TLR4/NF-κB)信号通路在氧化性低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)诱导的血管平滑肌细胞(VSMCs)分泌单核细胞趋化因子-1(MCP-1)中的作用。方法:取SD大鼠胸主动脉中膜培养血管平滑肌细胞,以2.5mg/L、5.0mg/L、10.0mg/L的TLR4中和抗体(TLR4阻断剂)、5μmol/L、10μmol/L、、20μmol/LPDTC(NF-κB特异性阻断剂)分别进行干预,并分别设置空白对照组和ox-LDL组,观察其对血管平滑肌细胞中ox-LDL诱导的MCP-1表达的影响。结果:与空白对照组比较,ox-LDL组VSMCs MCP-1mRNA及蛋白的表达明显升高(P<0.05);与ox-LDL组比较,用TLR4中和抗体预孵育后Anti-TLR4三组MCP-1mRNA[(1.23±0.21)比(0.81±0.02)、(0.75±0.01)、(0.49±0.01)]及其蛋白的表达[(0.64±0.05)ng/ml比(0.41±0.12)ng/ml、(0.32±0.07)ng/ml、(0.21±0.02)ng/ml]明显降低(P均<0.01),且呈浓度依赖性;用PDTC预孵育后PDTC三组MCP-1mRNA[(1.37±0.19)比(1.02±0.08)、(0.87±0.01)、(0.56±0.02)]及其蛋白的表达[(0.65±0.07)ng/ml比(0.51±0.07)ng/ml、(0.30±0.08)ng/ml、(0.19±0.02)ng/ml]亦明显降低(P均<0.01),且呈浓度依赖性。结论:氧化性低密度脂蛋白是TLR4的内源性配体;氧化性低密度脂蛋白通过或部分通过TLR4/NF-κB信号通路介导血管平滑肌细胞单核细胞趋化因子-1的表达。     

着色性干皮病基因B对白介素-6介导的血管平滑肌细胞增殖及凋亡的影响

目的 探讨着色性干皮病基因B(xeroderma pigmentosum B,XPB)对白介素-6(IL-6)介导人血管平滑肌细胞( VSMC)增殖及凋亡的影响.方法 用脂质体转染法将重组质粒pcDNA3.1-XPB和空载质粒pcDNA3.1稳定转染VSMC,然后给予100 U/ml的IL-6孵育48 h.实验分为6组:(1)空白对照组;(2) pcDNA3.1组;(3) pcDNA3.1-XPB组;(4)IL-6组;(5) IL-6+ pcDNA3.1组;(6)IL-6+ pcDNA3.1-XPB组.用反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和蛋白质免疫印迹法(Western blotting)检测XPB、Bcl-2、Bax和野生型p53(wt-p53)表达量的变化;用比色法(MTT)观察细胞增殖活力;用流式细胞仪检测细胞周期和凋亡率.结果 重组质粒pcDNA3.1-XPB转染使细胞XPB表达增高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),同时Bcl-2表达降低、Bax和wt-p53表达增高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),抑制IL-6促进VSMC的Bcl-2高表达、Bax和wt-p53降表达(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);XPB高表达抑制了细胞增殖活力(q=2.95,P＜0.05),并抑制IL-6促进VSMC增殖,IL-6+ pcDNA3.1-XPB组和IL-6 +pcDNA3.1组VSMC存活率分别为(102.6±6.2)％和(124.5+7.9)％(q=3.49,P＜0.05);流式细胞仪检测结果显示,XPB高表达引起细胞G0/G1期增加、S期减少、凋亡率增加(q值分别为2.99、5.39、3.05,P＜0.05或P＜0.01),并抑制IL-6促进VSMC G0/G1期减少、S期增加、凋亡率降低的作用,IL-6+ pcDNA3.1-XPB组和IL-6 +pcDNA3.1组分别为(70.9±6.7)％与(54.8±2.9)％、(20.2±3.6)％与(36.4±7.2)％、(5.9±2.1)％与(0.3±0.1)％(q值分别为6.91、8.54、7.53,均P＜0.01).结论 XPB基因能抑制VSMC增殖并促进其凋亡,并能抑制IL-6促进VSMC增殖和降低其凋亡的作用,有望成为治疗动脉粥样硬化的靶点.     

斑蝥素对血小板衍生生长因子BB诱导血管平滑肌细胞增殖和迁移的机制研究

目的探讨斑蝥素对血小板衍生生长因子BB(PDGF-BB)诱导的大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖和迁移的作用及机制。方法组织块贴壁法获取原代血管平滑肌细胞(vascular smooth muscular cells,VSMC),运用VSMC表型标志蛋白抗体免疫荧光染色鉴定细胞,PDGF-BB诱导细胞增殖和迁移,并使用不同浓度斑蝥素加以处理。将实验分为,对照组(A组); PDGF-BB组(B组); PDGF-BB+5μmol/L斑蝥素组(C组); PDGF-BB+10μmol/L斑蝥素组(D组)。采用CCK-8细胞计数试剂盒检测细胞活性和增殖情况。细胞划痕实验检测细胞迁移水平。Western blot检测基质金属蛋白酶9(matrix metalloproteinase-9,MMP-9)、总蛋白激酶B(t-Akt)、磷酸化蛋白激酶B(p-Akt)及平滑肌细胞特异性蛋白(α-smooth muscle actin,α-SM-actin)表达水平。结果与DMSO处理的细胞比较,不同剂量(0.625、1. 25、2. 5、5和10μmol/L)斑蝥素处理的细胞活性无统计学差异(P 0. 05)。与A组比较,B组细胞增殖活性和细胞迁移率显著提高[2. 46±0. 19 vs 1. 49±0. 12,(88. 79±0. 61)%vs (42. 63±3. 93)%,P 0. 05];与B组比较,C组、D组细胞增殖活性和细胞迁移率显著降低[0. 91±0. 07 vs 2. 46±0. 19,0. 61±0. 04 vs 2. 46±0. 19,(39. 90±4. 30)%vs (88. 79±0. 61)%,(20. 33±6. 13)%vs (88. 79±0. 61)%,P 0. 05]。Western blot结果显示,与A组比较,B组MMP-9、p-Akt的表达水平显著增加,α-SM-actin的表达水平显著降低(P 0. 05);与B组比较,C组、D组MMP-9、p-Akt的表达水平显著降低,α-SM-actin的表达水平显著增加,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论斑蝥素可显著抑制PDGF-BB诱导的VSMC增殖和迁移,其机制可能与下调p-Akt及MMP-9蛋白表达水平有关。     

基质金属蛋白酶-3基因Lys45Glu多态性与缺血性卒中亚型的相关性

目的 探讨基质金属蛋白酶-3(matrix metalloprotemase-3,MMP-3)血浆水平及其基因Lys45Glu(rs679620)多态性与缺血性卒中及其TOAST亚型的关系.方法 纳入根据TOAST病因学分型分为大动脉粥样硬化性卒中(large artery atherosclerotic stroke,LAA)和小动脉闭塞性卒中(small artery occlusion stroke,SAO)患者(缺血性卒中组)和健康体检者(对照组).采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血浆MMP-3水平,多聚酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性法检测MMP-3 Lys45 Glu基因型.结果共纳入急性缺血性卒中患者233例,其中LAA 162例,SAO 71例;200名健康体检者作为对照组.缺血性卒中组血浆MMP-3水平显著高于对照组[(253.99±75.02)ng/ml对(196.38±78.17) ng/ml;=7.813,P=0.000];LAA组[(262.81±69.23)ng/ml]血浆MMP-3水平均显著高于SAO组[(233.85±83.90)ng/ml,P=0.008]和对照组(P=0.000),SAO组也显著高于对照组(P=0.000).多变量logistic回归分析显示,血清MMP-3水平增高是缺血性卒中的独立危险因素[优势比(odds ratio,OR)1.012,95％可信区间(confidence interval,CI)1.008～1.015;P=0.000].缺血性卒中组MMP-3Lys45Glu基因型(x2 =2.085,P=0.353)和等位基因(x2 =2.29,P=0.130)频率与对照组均无显著差异.LAA、SAO和对照组之间MMP-3 Lys45Glu基因型频率存在显著差异(x2=10.39,P=0.034),其中LAA组AA +GA频率显著高于SAO组(65.4％对49.3％;x2=5.375,P=0.020)和对照组(65.4％对54.0％;x2 =4.84,P=0.028);3组间MMP-3 Lys45Glu等位基因频率无显著性差异(x2=3.887,P=0.143).多变量logistic回归分析显示,Lys45Glu多态性是LAA的独立危险因素(OR1.783,95％ CI1.183 ～2.688;P=0.006).AA基因型(n=73)、GA基因型(n=176)和GG基因型(n=184)患者血浆MMP-3水平分别为(235.70±70.85)ng/ml、(244.20±85.90) ng/ml和(207.98±77.61) ng/ml,3组间存在显著性差异(F=9.682,P=0.000);AA +GA基因型(n=249)患者血浆MMP-3水平显著高于GG基因型患者[(241.71±81.73) ng/ml对(207.98±77.61) ng/ml;=4.336,P =0.000].结论 LAA或SAO患者血浆MMP-3水平增高,以LAA亚型增高最为显著;MMP-3Lys45Glu多态性可能与MMP-3血浆水平和LAA有关.     

运动对糖尿病动脉粥样硬化大鼠Toll样受体促炎通路的影响

目的研究不同运动量对糖尿病动脉粥样硬化大鼠主动脉组织Toll样受体2(TLR2)、TLR4及白细胞介素6(IL-6)、核转录因子κB(NF-κB)表达的影响。方法将100只SD大鼠随机分为对照组(n=20)和糖尿病动脉粥样硬化组(n=80)。对照组予普通饲料喂养,糖尿病动脉粥样硬化组予高糖高脂喂养后腹腔注射STZ(30mg/kg)建立糖尿病动脉粥样硬化模型,后再随机分为模型亚组及小、中、大运动量亚组,对后3亚组进行游泳运动干预。干预后采用ELISA测定各组血浆IL-6、NF-κB的浓度及采用Western blott测定主动脉组织中TLR2、TLR4的表达。结果运动前,模型亚组血浆IL-6[(58.06±5.38)vs(14.21±4.04)ng/ml]、NF-κB[(154.24±9.24)vs(65.99±8.63)ng/ml]较对照组升高(P0.01);各运动亚组运动干预后血浆IL-6、NF-κB较运动前下降(P0.01)。模型亚组主动脉组织中TLR2[(1.19±0.04)vs(0.57±0.04)]、TLR4蛋白表达[(1.25±0.05)vs(0.68±0.06)]较对照组升高(P0.01);运动干预的各亚组运动后主动脉组织中TLR2、TLR4较模型亚组降低,以中、大运动量亚组下降明显(P0.01或P0.05)。结论糖尿病动脉粥样硬化大鼠动脉组织TLR2、TLR4蛋白表达及血浆IL-6、NF-κB增高,运动可以改善上述与促炎通路有关的因素。     

Control of intraabdominal hemorrhage and shock: a comparison of fluid resuscitation, MAST, and balloon occlusion

Our study examined the efficacy of four treatment modalities in controlling hemorrhage and achieving hemodynamic stabilization in hemorrhagic shock: intravenous fluid replacement (IV); military antishock trousers used concomitantly with fluids (MAST); balloon occlusion at the level of the diaphragm with concomitant fluid replacement (balloon); and a combination of MAST inflation, balloon occlusion, and fluid resuscitation (MAST and balloon). Twenty-eight mongrel dogs were anesthetized, and the spleen was exposed and completely crushed. The abdomen was closed, and treatment was initiated and continued for four hours or until the dog died. For all conditions the hematocrit dropped during the course of the experiment; balloon occlusion was effective at slowing this drop (P less than .0001), but MAST had no statistically significant effect. Animals with balloons bled more slowly into the abdominal cavity than did animals in the other two groups (P less than .0001). MAST also were effective at slowing the bleeding (P less than .05). Of the balloon and the MAST and balloon dogs, all except one survived the entire four hours; this difference between balloon and nonballoon dogs is significant (P = .002). MAST did not have a statistically significant effect on survival. Perfusion pressure (PP) declined during the course of the experiment, and the balloon was effective at slowing this decline (P less than .0001); none of the other comparisons was statistically significant.     

Use of fab fragments of digoxin-specific antibodies in the therapy of massive digoxin poisoning

A case of massive digoxin ingestion with multiple arrhythmias, consisting of high grade A-V block and ventricular ectopy not responsive to lidocaine, is described. The arrhythmias ceased following administration of digoxin-specific Fab fragments. The patient improved and was transferred to the psychiatric unit.     

Comparison of intravenous and oral routes of theophylline loading in acute asthma

In a prospective, randomized clinical trial, 19 patients with an acute exacerbation of asthma were given a loading dose of aminophylline by the IV (n = 10) or oral route (n = 9) of administration following treatment with epinephrine. Plasma concentrations of theophylline were measured prior to giving the loading dose, and one, two, three, and 24 to 48 hours later. Therapeutic effectiveness was evaluated by analyzing spirometric measurements prior to giving the loading dose, and one, three, and 24 to 48 hours later. Side effects also were recorded. In the IV group, the mean peak plasma theophylline concentration was 15.1 micrograms/mL one hour after loading, and in the oral group the mean peak serum theophylline concentration was 14.2 micrograms/mL three hours after loading. There was no correlation between theophylline concentrations and normalized change in spirometric values. There was no significant difference in spirometric values between the IV and oral groups. Nausea was slightly more common in the IV group. We conclude that there is no therapeutic advantage to giving a loading dose of aminophylline by the IV route rather than orally in patients with mild-to-moderate exacerbation of asthma initially treated with epinephrine.     

Application of Granular Biocomposites Based on Homogenised Peat for Absorption of Oil Products

Among the various methods for collecting oil spills and oil products, including from the water surface, one of the most effective is the use of sorbents. In this work, three-component bio-based composite granular adsorbents were produced and studied for oil products’ pollution collection. A bio-based binder made of peat, devulcanised crumb rubber from used tyres, and part fly ash as cenospheres were used for absorbent production. The structure, surface morphology, porosity, mechanical properties, and sorption kinetics of the obtained samples were studied. Composite hydrophobicity and sorption capacity to oil products, such as diesel fuel (DF) and motor oil (MO), were determined. The obtained pellets are characterised by a sufficiently pronounced ability to absorb oil products such as DF. As the amount of CR in the granules increases, the diesel absorption capacity increases significantly. The case of 30-70-0 is almost three times higher than the granules from homogenised peat. The increase in q is due to two factors: the pronounced surface hydrophobicity of the samples (Θ = 152°) and a heterogeneous porous granule structure. The presence of the cenosphere in the biocomposite reduces its surface hydrophobicity while increasing the diesel absorption capacity. Relatively rapid realisation of the maximum saturation by the MO was noted. In common, the designed absorbent shows up to 0.7 g·g⁻¹ sorption capacity for MO and up to 1.55 g·g⁻¹ sorption capacity for diesel. A possible mechanism of DF absorption and the limiting stages of the process approximated for different kinetic models are discussed. The Weber–Morris diffusion model is used to primarily distinguish the limiting effect of the external and internal diffusion of the adsorbate on the absorption process.     

Role of microRNA in regulation of myeloma-related angiogenesis and survival

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant disease caused by clonal proliferation of plasma cells that result in monoclonal gammopathy and severe end organ damage. Despite the uniform clinical signs, the disease is very diverse in terms of the nature and sequence of the underlying molecular events. Multiple cellular processes are involved in helping the malignant cells to remain viable and maintain proliferative properties in the hypoxic microenvironment of the bone marrow. Specifically, the process of angiogenesis, triggered by the interactions between the malignant MM cells and the stroma cells around them, was found to be critical for MM progression. In this review we highlight the current understanding about the epigenetic regulation of the proliferation and apoptosis of MM cells and its dependency on angiogenesis in the bone marrow that is carried out by different microRNAs.     

RNA-Seq在老年神经退行性疾病研究中的应用

阿尔茨海默病及帕金森病是老年人最常见的两种神经退行性疾病,但其发病机制及治疗是研究的热点。随着高通量测序技术的进步及成本的下降,RNA-Seq也成为神经退行性疾病机制研究及生物标志物发现的有力手段。RNA-Seq相对于microarray具有高灵敏度、高准确性、高重复性以及噪声低等优势,在阿尔茨海默病及帕金森病研究中有较为广泛的应用,包括检测差异表达基因,可变剪接、新长链非编码RNA预测分析和miRNAs调控等,但是容易受病理复杂性及样本等因素影响。目前阿尔茨海默病及帕金森病转录组研究相比于癌症等还不够深入,在临床诊断及治疗应用还面临较大挑战。但是随着新技术及新方法的发展,RNA-Seq将进一步推动神经退行性相关疾病的研究和临床转化。     

安徽巢湖市丝虫病控制、消除历程和监测报告

【摘要】 目的  回顾并总结巢湖市丝虫病的流行、控制,以及消除丝虫病的历程。 方法  统计分析1970~1989年在该市采取以消灭传染源、切断传播途径为主的防治策略,以及展开大规模防治的各个阶段。 结果  1989年,采用分层整群抽样调查方法调查,微丝蚴率下降至0.032%,以行政村为单位,微丝蚴率已控制在1.0%以下,达到卫生部规定的基本消灭丝虫病标准;1991年,经省级调查考核,认定全市已达到卫生部规定的基本消灭丝虫病标准。1996年,省级审评确认已达到卫生部颁布的消灭丝虫病标准。经过10年的监测和跟踪治疗,到2005年,全市丝虫病病原学监测未查见微丝蚴阳性者,解剖镜检人房内淡色库蚊1 348只,蚊体内均未查见人体幼丝虫。 结论  巢湖市达到了消除丝虫病的标准。     

Advanced Evaluation of the Freeze–Thaw Damage of Concrete Based on the Fracture Tests

This paper presents the results of an experimental program aimed at the assessment of the freeze–thaw (F–T) resistance of concrete based on the evaluation of fracture tests accompanied by acoustic emission measurements. Two concretes of similar mechanical characteristics were manufactured for the experiment. The main difference between the C1 and C2 concrete was in the total number of air voids and in the A300 parameter, where both parameters were higher for C1 by about 35% and 52%, respectively. The evaluation of the fracture characteristics was performed on the basis of experimentally recorded load–deflection and load–crack mouth opening displacement diagrams using two different approaches: linear fracture mechanics completed with the effective crack model and the double-K model. The results show that both approaches gave similar results, especially if the nonlinear behavior before the peak load was considered. According to the results, it can be stated that continuous AE measurement is beneficial for the assessment of the extent of concrete deterioration, and it suitably supplements the fracture test evaluation. A comparison of the results of fracture tests with the resonance method and splitting tensile strength test shows that all testing methods led to the same conclusion, i.e., the C1 concrete was more F–T-resistant than C2. However, the fracture test evaluation provided more detailed information about the internal structure deterioration due to the F–T exposure.     

A new concept of the anatomy of the anal sphincter mechanism and the physiology of defecation

The role of the external and internal anal sphincters in the mechanism of anal continence is presented. The external sphincter induces continence by 1) preventing internal sphincter relaxation, what I have called the “voluntary inhibition action,” and 2) mechanical compression of the rectal neck and anal canal proper. The mechanism of both actions is described. The internal sphincter plays a significant role not only in involuntary, but also in voluntary, continence. The importance of this role in the correction of anal incontinence is clarified. “Stress defecation,” a condition which follows internal sphincter damage, is discussed. A “single loop continence” theory is presented, based on the fact that each of the three loops of the external sphincter has its own innervation, attachment, and direction of muscle bundles; each loop thus acts as a separate sphincter. The clinical application of this theory is presented.