克罗恩病与肠结核临床及内镜特征的鉴别分析

目的 探讨克罗恩病(CD)与肠结核(ITB)的临床及内镜特点,为两者的临别诊断提供依据.方法 回顾性分析2003年6月-2009年2月168例CD患者和156例ITB患者的临床及内镜资料.结果 CD以男性为主(男;女为108:60),肠道手术率较ITB高[(33.3%比10.9%,P<0.01)];CD的腹泻、便血、肛周疾病、肠梗阻的发生率分别为66.1%、32.1%、16.1%和28.0%.明显高于ITB组(分别为47.0%、7.7%、3.4%和9.4%,P值<0.05或<0.01);而ITB的发热、盗汗多于CD组(P值均<0.05),且伴肺结核、腹水发生率明显高于CD组(P值均<0.01);ITB的球蛋白升高、红细胞沉降率增快、结核菌素纯蛋白衍化物试验阳性率、结核抗体阳性率均高于CD组;CD患者内镜下纵行溃疡、网格状溃疡、卵石征、肠腔狭窄均多于ITB组(P值<0.01或<0.05),而ITB的环行溃疡、同盲瓣受累多见(P值<0.01或<0.05),且受累的回盲瓣常变形和开口固定.结论 CD与ITB各有其临床特点,临床特点结合内镜下卵石征、纵行溃疡、网格状溃疡、环行溃疡出现的概率、回盲瓣受累情况及形态变化是鉴别两者的重要特征.     

克罗恩病与肠结核临床、内镜及病理特征对比分析

目的对比分析克罗恩病与肠结核的临床、内镜及病理特征。方法选取南方医科大学珠江医院2006年3月-2012年3月住院并确诊为克罗恩病、肠结核的患者资料,进行回顾性分析,其中克罗恩病组(CD组)39例,肠结核组(ITB组)34例。结果 CD组血便多于ITB组,而ITB组盗汗、腹水多于CD组(P均0.05);CD组合并瘘管形成较多,ITB组则多合并肠外结核,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P均0.05);ITB组PPD试验阳性率明显高于CD组(P0.05);CD组纵形溃疡、鹅卵石征、节段性改变、假性息肉、黏膜桥多见,而ITB组环形溃疡、回盲瓣受累明显(P均0.05);裂隙状溃疡仅见于CD,干酪样肉芽肿仅见于ITB。结论临床上应综合分析二者的临床特征,结合内镜及病理对其鉴别诊断进行综合分析,才能进一步提高诊断的准确率。     

超声内镜对克罗恩病的诊断价值

目的探讨超声内镜在克罗恩病（CD）诊断中的应用价值。方法对436例内镜下疑似CD患者行内镜超声（EUS）检查,统计EUS诊断结果与临床确诊结果的一致性。结果临床确诊CD297例、非CD139例,EUS诊断CD277例（其中17例临床确诊为非CD）、非CD159例（其中37例临床确诊为CD）,EUS诊断CD的敏感度、特异度和准确率分别为87．5％（260／297）、87．8％（122／139）和87．6％（382／436）。另外,297例确诊CD患者中,EUS下发现黏膜下层血管扩张40例,瘘道13例,脓肿5例,探及管壁外肿大淋巴结75例。结论EUS下可对CD的消化道层次进行清晰观察,诊断准确率较高。同时,EUS能很好地发现瘘道、脓肿等肠外并发症,可为外科治疗提供有价值的信息。     

克罗恩病的内镜及临床特点

目的总结克罗恩病（CD）的内镜及临床特点。方法收集1975年6月至2005年6月经结肠镜及病理学检查确诊的155例CD患者的相关资料，分析其内镜下表现及临床病理特点。结果1975—1990年和1991—2005年两组中，经结肠镜及病理学检查确诊的CD患者占同期镜检总数的比例从0．45％升至0．53％。患者男女之比为1．21：1；平均发病年龄42．6岁，高峰年龄段男为20～39岁及50～59岁，女为50～59岁；病程大于10年者占80％；临床主要表现为腹痛、腹泻、血便等肠道症状，以及贫血、发热、消瘦等全身症状；病变部位小肠为主者占43．87％、结肠为主者占23．23％、回结肠为主者占32．90％。结论CD的发病率有上升趋势，临床表现多样化，结肠镜结合病理学检查是目前诊断CD的主要方法。     

胶囊内镜在克罗恩病诊断中的应用

克罗恩病(CD)临床表现各异,诊断困难,临床容易误诊漏诊,胶囊内镜对CD的诊断有一定的价值,此文综述了胶囊内镜的应用原理、诊断CD的临床应用情况及存在的问题,并且探讨了今后的研究领域。     

108例克罗恩病临床特点及胶囊内镜下表现

克罗恩病（CD）临床表现多样，诊断有一定难度，误诊率较高。本研究总结分析我院1997至2005年108例CD患者的临床资料及胶囊内镜表现，评价胶囊内镜在CD诊断中的临床价值。     

胶囊内镜和双气囊内镜诊断小肠肿瘤及克罗恩病316例

目的:探讨胶囊内镜,双气囊内镜以及两项联合检查对小肠肿瘤及克罗恩病的诊断价值,以提高对此类小肠疾病的诊断水平.方法:316例怀疑有小肠疾病的患者中,178例行胶囊内镜检查,138例行双气囊内镜检查,32例行两项联合检查,分别对两项内镜的小肠肿瘤及克罗恩病的检出率及确诊率进行分析.结果:胶囊内镜对小肠肿瘤的检出率为4.5...     

内镜诊断十二指肠憩室病

目的:探讨十二指肠镜诊断十二指肠憩室病的方法要点和临床意义,指导临床治疗.方法:按内镜常规操作方法,用日本PEXT FD-32A十二指肠镜,对十二指肠进行观察.结果:本组25例,检出率为11%,其中合并出血3例,有11例曾先后经上消化道X线钡剂及十二指肠镜,对比检查,其结果差异显著.结论:十二指肠憩室病临床症状缺乏特异性,诊断困难,临床症状虽不严重,但并发症常危及生命,其发病率与年龄无关,经与X线造影比较,其检出率显著高于X线造影,说明十二指肠镜检查,是本病可靠的诊断手段     

超声检查评估克罗恩病活动性的价值

目的分析克罗恩病患者超声声像图特征,探讨超声检查评估克罗恩病活动性的价值。方法 2011年8月至2012年8月上海第十人民医院收治的克罗恩病患者25例。其中克罗恩病活动指数(CDAI)评分150分(缓解期)12例,150～450分(活动期)13例。每例患者均行内镜(结肠镜或小肠镜)检查、腹部超声检查。非炎性病变(缓解期)和炎症(活动期)肠段肠壁厚度比较采用两独立样本t检验。以内镜检查结果作为金标准,能量多普勒超声判断克罗恩病活动性与CDAI评分判断克罗恩病活动性的符合率比较采用χ2检验。结果 25例克罗恩病患者经内镜检查判断活动期20例,缓解期5例。所有患者均能获得满意的超声图像。本组超声诊断克罗恩病22例,诊断准确率为88%(22/25)。超声检测非炎性病变(缓解期)肠段肠壁厚度为(2.06±0.62)mm,低于炎症(活动期)肠段肠壁厚度(7.90±2.90)mm,且差异有统计学意义(t=2.53,P0.05)。本组25例克罗恩病患者能量多普勒超声判断缓解期7例,活动期18例。能量多普勒超声判断克罗恩病活动性的符合率为92%(23/25);而根据CDAI评分判断克罗恩病活动性的符合率仅为64%(16/25),低于能量多普勒超声判断克罗恩病活动性的符合率,且差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.39,P0.05)。超声检查发现腹腔脓肿1例,腹腔淋巴结肿大7例,腹腔积液2例。结论超声检查对肠壁厚度、结构层次、回声及肠外并发症的观察具有一定的优势,能准确评估克罗恩病活动性,对克罗恩病的诊治具有指导意义。     

克罗恩病的典型内镜表现

大肠的溃疡性病变常见的有以下几种：溃疡性结肠炎、克罗恩病、肠结核、肠道淋巴瘤、肠道Behcet’S病(白塞病)等，其内镜下的表现非常复杂，除溃疡性结肠炎内镜下有一定的特征形态，诊断比较容易外(请参阅本刊上一期专家读片内容，所列照片均为溃疡性结肠炎的典型内镜形态)，其它肠道溃疡性病变的诊断往往较为困难。     

Endoscopic features of gastroduodenal Crohn's disease.

The clinical, roentgenographic and endoscopic findings in 14 patients with Crohn's disease of the stomach and/or duodenum are described. To date, this is the largest series of endoscopic findings of Crohn's disease of gastroduodenal region. The endoscopic findings include (1) mucosal nodularity or "cobblestoned" mucosa; (2) multiple aphthous-like ulcerations and/or linear ulcerations; (3) thickening of the antral folds; (4) antral narrowing with evidence of hypoperistalsis; (5) duodenal strictures. The diagnosis of gastric duodenal Crohn's disease is achieved by combining recognition of clinical features and roentgenographic and endoscopic features. The endoscopic features correlate well with the roentgenographic findings in our 14 patients. Tissue for histological diagnosis of Crohn's disease of the gastroduodenal area is rarely obtained by endoscopic biopsy, but peroral suction biopsy specimens may increase the rate of histological confirmation.     

Treatment of gastroduodenal Crohn's disease

Symptomatic gastroduodenal manifestations of Crohn's disease (CD) are rare, with less than 4% of patients being clinically symptomatic. Gastroduodenal involvement may, however, be found endoscopically in 20% and in up to 40% of cases histologically, most frequently as Helicobacter pylori-negative focal gastritis, usually in patients with concomitant distal ileal disease. In practice, the activity of concomitant distal CD usually determines the indication for therapy, except in the presence of obstructive gastroduodenal symptoms. With the few data available, it seems correct to say that localized gastroduodenal disease should be treated with standard medical therapy used for more distal disease, with the exception of sulfasalazine and mesalanine with pH-dependent release. Presence of symptoms of obstruction needs aggressive therapy. If medical therapy with steroids and immunomodulatory drugs does not alleviate the symptoms, balloon dilation and surgery are the options to consider.     

Clinical features of Crohn's disease in Korea

Crohn's disease is a rare disease in Korea, and only 45 cases have been reported during the period of 34 years from 1952 to 1985. The male to female ratio was about 1.3 to 1 with a slight preponderance of males. The age at diagnosis ranged from 8 to 72 (mean 35.5) years, and the peak incidence occurred in the 3rd, 4th and 5th decades and declined thereafter. More than two thirds of the cases had a grossly demonstrable lesion involving the small bowel, including the terminal ileum. The proportion of patients with macroscopic disease continued to the large bowel alone was only 15%. Abdominal pain was common, presenting in 89% of the patients, while such symptoms as fever, hematochezia and diarrhea were not common. Abdominal mass was palpable in more than half the cases, which made it difficult to differentiate Crohn's disease from cancer of the colon, especially in cases with a predominant infiltration of the bowel wall and a secondary ulcer formation. That is one of the reasons why most cases in Korea have been reported by surgeons. A wide variety of complications were present, of which small bowel obstruction was the most common. Other complications were free perforation, malnutrition, fistula formation, hemorrhage and abscess formation, in decreasing order. The incidence of symptomatic perianal disease was only 11%, and this might be due to the small proportion of the disease confined to large bowel. Extraintestinal manifestations were also rare, and only three patients presented symptoms of arthritis. Other systemic features such as liver disease, skin lesion, eye complications were absent.     

小肠型克罗恩病临床特征分析

[目的]研究小肠型克罗恩病(CD)的临床特征,提高早期诊断水平,减少漏诊及误诊。[方法]纳入CD患者131例,比较小肠型CD与结肠型CD的临床特征,并进行统计学处理。[结果]小肠型CD患者共45例,病程较长(平均病史33.8个月)。小肠型CD的胃肠道症状以腹痛多见(77.8%),其次为腹泻(48.9%)、消化道出血(37.8%)、腹胀(31.1%)等;全身表现为贫血、体质量下降、发热、乏力、纳差等;肠道外症状表现为口腔溃疡、肛周病变、皮疹、关节痛等。小肠型CD患者梗阻症状明显多于结肠型CD患者(P0.05)。7例有非干酪性肉芽肿等特征性病理改变。[结论]小肠型CD临床表现多样化,需结合实验室检查、影像学、内镜及病理表现综合判断,小肠镜和小肠造影检查是诊断首选方法。     

Are there specific endosonographic features in Crohn's patients with perianal fistulae?

Both 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional endoanal ultrasounds have been shown to be accurate in the definition of the anatomy of complex fistulae-in-ano in patients with perianal Crohn's disease. Recently, a Crohn's Ultrasound Fistula Sign (CUFS) has been suggested as a discriminating feature of perianal Crohn's disease as has the presence of fistulous debris and fistular bifurcation. We blindly assessed 197 patients (39 Crohn's fistulae and 158 cryptogenic fistulae) to determine if these signs differentiated fistula types. The incidence of CUFS in Crohn's cases was 17/39 (43.6%) and in cryptogenic cases was 4/158 (2.5%) (P < 0.0001). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy for CUFS were 43.6%, 97.5%, 80.9%, 87.5% and 86.8%, respectively. The presence of debris and fistula bifurcation in evaluable cases had a high specificity (87.2% and 81.8%, respectively) but poor sensitivity. The kappa values for or against CUFS, debris and bifurcation in Crohn's cases between 2 observers blinded to the diagnosis were 0.85, 0.72 and 0.93, respectively and in cryptogenic fistulae were 0.89, 0.85 and 0.80, respectively. The kappa values of an agreed consensus for CUFS in Crohn's disease, cryptogenic fistulae and overall with a third observer with no ultrasound experience were 0.62, 0.85 and 0.77, respectively. The presence of CUFS differentiates Crohn's-related from cryptogenic fistulae-in-ano with a high level of agreement for this sign between experienced and inexperienced observers blinded to the underlying diagnosis.     

不同部位克罗恩病的临床特点分析

目的 探讨不同部位（小肠、结肠、回结肠）克罗恩病的临床特点,以期提高对该病的认识。方法回顾性分析2000年至2008年1月住院诊断的103例患者,根据其发病部位的不同,对其一般资料、病程、临床表现、实验室检查、病理学改变等进行分析。结果103例患者中男性70例,女性33例,诊断时年龄12～70岁。以20～29岁为高峰期,30～39岁次之。病变部位位于小肠（L1）的39例（38％）,结肠（L2）的16例（16％）,回结肠（L3）的48例（46％）,发病年龄的性别差异无统计学意义,但L1型临床诊断年龄明显高于12型（P〈0．05）和L3型（P〈0．01）,且肠梗阻发生率远远高于L3（P〈0．05）。L1型中通过胶囊内镜协助诊断的占L1型的30．8％,结肠镜协助诊断的占44％;L2、L3临床表现结合结肠镜及病理检查明确诊断的分别占87．5％、83．3％,通过手术确诊的L1患者（9例）占手术确诊病例的47．3％,但与12、L3相比差异无统计学意义。参考简化CD活动指数（CDAI）评分,轻度23例（22．3％）,中度58例（56．3％）,重度22例（21．4％）,回结肠受累者（L3）重度患者13例,占59．0％,与L1比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论在克罗恩病患者中L1型较多以诊断延迟、急诊需手术治疗为特点;L3型则因病变范围较广,并发症及全身表现严重,重型多见。需重视发病早期胶囊内镜和回结肠镜检查的重要作用,减少手术发生率,延缓患者首次手术的时间。     

克罗恩病临床特征以及诊断和治疗选择

目的 分析克罗恩病的临床表现、误诊原因和诊疗方法,以促进与提高对本病的认识及诊治效果。方法 对近期诊治31例患者的发病情况、临床表现、内镜及实验室检查结果,结合文献报道,分析本病的临床特征与诊治方案。结果 患者以表中年为主,女略多于男。病变侵犯胃肠道任一部位,呈节段性分布,常同时侵犯多个部位,以结肠及小肠为主;腹痛与腹泻为主要的肠道症状;但尚有低热、消瘦、贫血及皮肤、关节与肛周疾病等多系统症状。内镜可见跳跃式分布的黏膜充血、水肿、溃疡、息肉、狭窄或铺路石征等破坏与增殖病变并存的特点,诊断正确率为62.9%。活检肉芽肿检出率为30.8%。B超可探查出肠道并发症。误衣原因：对本病认识不足;肠道病变多部位性,致使临床症状多样化;过于强调病理学检查及肉芽肿的诊断意义。口服泼尼松对轻－中型患者诱导缓解较氨基水杨酸盐类更迅速;免疫制剂为二线药物,个体间疗效不一;20例接受强化性营养支持治疗,具有辅助治疗作用。16例手术治疗收到较好疗效。结论 本病发病数明显增多,临床表现缺乏特异性;内镜联合活检,加强临床与病理医师沟通是及时和正确诊断的关键。治疗宜个体化选择方案,手术具有积极意义。     

Clinical features of inflammatory joint and spine manifestations in Crohn's disease

167 patients with Crohn's disease were investigated for joint and spine inflammation. Arthritis was observed in 23 patients (14%), sacroiliitis in 24 (14%), and sacroiliitis in combination with arthritis in 11 patients (7%). 15 patients (9%) had ankylosing spondylitis; 9 of them were HLA-B27 positive (60%). A parallel pattern in the course of bowel disease and joint inflammation was observed in 22 out of 34 patients with arthritis (59%). An association between the localization of Crohn's disease and the type of spondylarthritis could not be demonstrated. Patients with arthritis alone developed erythema nodosum (35%) or aphthous stomatitis more often (21%) than patients without spondylarthritis+ (6% and 12%, respectively). Other extra-intestinal manifestations of Crohn's disease did not reveal any association with the development of spondyloarthritis.