用输尿管镜治疗输尿管结石的效果研究

目的:探讨用输尿管镜治疗输尿管结石的临床效果。方法:对2011年6月~2014年6月期间我院收治的396例输尿管结石患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。对这396例患者均使用输尿管镜进行治疗。术后,观察这些患者的治疗效果及其发生输尿管损伤的情况。结果:这396例患者治疗的有效率为99.2%,其中对输尿管中下段结石患者进行治疗的有效率为97.6%。在这396例患者中,有3例患者发生输尿管镜所致的输尿管损伤,损伤率为0.8%。这3例患者均为输尿管破裂,经治疗后均痊愈。导致输尿管损伤的主要原因为:1医生盲目进镜导致的损伤。2医生在输尿管镜下对患者输尿管的实际情况观察不到位导致的损伤。3医生进行手术操作时的动作粗暴导致的损伤。4医生在进行手术时套石篮使用的方法不当导致的损伤。结论:用输尿管镜术治疗输尿管结石的效果显著。此方法值得在临床上推广使用。     

输尿管镜手术致输尿管损伤处理及预防

目的探讨输尿管镜手术致输尿管损伤处理及预防。方法选取2006年1月至2011年1月行输尿管镜手术的患者共580例,进行回顾性分析,总结和分析输尿管损伤的原因,并提出预防措施。结果共19例输尿管镜术致输尿管损伤（5．00％）,其中输尿管穿孔6例（157％）．输尿管口严重撕裂3例（0．79％）,输尿管黏膜袖状剥离5例（1.13％）,假道形成3例（0．79％）。17例输尿管损伤患者留置双J管保守治疗,3例开放手术。结论提高认识输尿管手术致输尿管损伤,采取正确的操作技术,及时做出准确的判断和处理,可预防和降低输尿管镜手术对输尿管的损伤。     

输尿管镜下碎石术中常见并发症的防治

目的　探讨输尿管镜下碎石术中常见并发症的预防及处理。方法　回顾分析 2 7例输尿管镜下碎石术中出现并发症的临床资料 ,其中输尿管黏膜下假道形成 6例 ,输尿管穿孔 4例 ,输尿管内出血 15例 ,腰部胀痛、肾绞痛 2例。结果　所有患者均在术中及时发现并得到有效的处理 ,未发生严重并发症。结论　输尿管镜碎石手术是简单、安全和有效的 ,其并发症在术中是完全可以得到防治的     

47例医源性输尿管膀胱损伤的报告

目的:探讨医源性输尿管膀胱损伤发生原因及防治方法.方法:医源性输尿管膀胱损伤患者47例,男7例,女40例.其中妇产科手术损伤38例,泌尿外科5例,普外科4例.结果:术中发现输尿管损伤7例,其中输尿管下段被结扎4例,输尿管阴道瘘3例,均于术后2周内行输尿管下段膀胱再植术.术中发现膀胱损伤19例,膀胱壁不规则撕裂长1～3cm;行膀胱修补术17例,由腔镜和TVT手术引起膀胱穿孔2例予留置导尿1周;术后1周～1个月发现膀胱阴道瘘5例,均于3个月后行瘘管切除修补术.术后47例随访5个月～11年,平均47个月,患者均治愈,无并发症.结论:医源性损伤重在预防,术中及时发现、正确处理可避免二次手术;术后出现尿瘘者选择合理治疗方案可提高治愈率.     

直肠癌手术医源性输尿管损伤5例原因分析及对策

目的 探讨直肠癌手术引起医源性输尿管损伤的原因,提出有效的诊断及治疗措施。 方法 对2012年10月—2014年10月期间在蚌埠医学院第一附属医院进行直肠癌根治术的620例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,统计术中发生输尿管损伤的例数及损伤部位,分析原因,总结经验,减少此类事故的发生。 结果 620例直肠癌手术患者中,引起输尿管损伤的有5例,损伤部位左侧4例,右侧1例,输尿管损伤均位于盆段;其中2例为术中发现,1例为输尿管切断,立即施行输尿管端端吻合,1例为输尿管切开,行输尿管无创口缝合术,2例均留置双J管;3例是术后发现,行静脉尿路造影(IVU)确诊,1例确诊后自动转院治疗,2例试行输尿管镜下双J管置入失败后,手术行输尿管无创口缝合术,并留置双J管。所有患者经修复治疗后,输尿管吻合情况良好,经6～8个月的随访,没有出现由于输尿管狭窄、漏尿、肾盂扩张或肾功能严重损害等相关并发症。 结论 直肠癌患者手术前,需认真充分准备,熟悉输尿管的解剖结构,选择合适的手术方式,术中规范化操作,注意保护输尿管,这是预防医源性输尿管损伤的关键;一旦发生输尿管损伤,需及时明确诊断,并根据具体的损伤原因及损伤程度进行修复,以防发生更加严重的并发症。      

输尿管镜术在医源性输尿管损伤处理中的应用

目的探讨经尿道输尿管镜术在治疗医源性输尿管损伤中的临床疗效。方法对2005年6月-2009年7月14例医源性输尿管损伤患者采用经尿道输尿管镜下置入双J管内引流术进行治疗,回顾性分析其临床资料。结果13例患者经尿道输尿管镜下顺利置入双J管引流后治愈,漏尿分别于术后1—4周停止;1例患者输尿管镜下置管失败改开放手术修复治愈。全组病例留置双J管于术后1～2个月后拔除,术后随访6个月～2年,静脉肾盂造影（IVU）检查证实患侧尿路连续性恢复,输尿管通畅,肾输尿管积水明显减轻或正常。结论经尿道输尿管镜下置入双J管内引流术是处理医源性输尿管损伤的有效治疗方法。具有疗效可靠、创伤小、患者易于接受等优点。     

输尿管镜致输尿管损伤的原因和处理(附18例报告)

目的探讨泌尿外科输尿管镜手术及操作致输尿管损伤的预防和治疗。方法分析18例泌尿外科输尿管镜手术及操作致输尿管损伤的原因,总结其治疗方法。其中黏膜下损伤致假道形成8例,穿孔6例,输尿管断裂2例,黏膜脱垂剥脱2例。损伤后保守治疗置入双J管内引流15例,开放手术3例：输尿管断裂吻合2例,黏膜脱垂剥脱段输尿管切除后端端吻合1例,均留置双J管引流。结果 18例患者输尿管连续性、完整性恢复良好。结论泌尿外科手术及操作致输尿管损伤应重在预防,争取早发现,及时处理,预后良好。     

输尿管镜检查对外科腹腔镜手术所致输尿管损伤的意义

目的：评价输尿管镜检查对腹腔镜手术中输尿管损伤的诊断意义,及输尿管镜引导下的输尿管内支架管置入术对腹腔镜术中输尿管损伤的治疗效果。方法：回顾性分析2005年1月-2009年8月间51例腹腔镜术中输尿管损伤患者的致伤原因、治疗方法和效果。结果：随访12个月,除1例出现输尿管不完全性梗阻外,余50例未出现肾积水。结论：对腹腔镜术中的输尿管损伤,输尿管镜检查对诊断有较大临床意义,输尿管镜引导下的输尿管内支架管置入术疗效较好。     

输尿管镜技术致输尿管医源性损伤原因分析和防治

目的:探讨输尿管镜术致医源性损伤的原因和防治。方法:回顾性分析4 350例施行输尿管镜术病例及发生医源性损伤102例的临床资料。结果:本组医源性损伤病例中输尿管口损伤34例,发生率0.8%,粘膜下假道形成47例,发生率1.1%,输尿管穿孔12例,发生率0.3%,输尿管撕裂伤6例,发生率0.1%,输尿管粘膜袖状撕脱3例,发生率0.07%,无输尿管断裂发生;本组输尿管损伤病例置入双J管内引流保守治疗95例,开放手术2例,二期行后腹腔镜手术5例。结论:严格掌握输尿管镜诊疗适应证,提高手术操作技巧,把握术中镜下输尿管异常情况,可以避免医源性损伤发生,出现损伤后应及时发现并妥善处理。     

输尿管镜手术致输尿管长段撕脱的诊治

目的探讨输尿管镜手术致输尿管长段撕脱的诊断治疗及其预防。方法回顾性分析5例输尿管镜手术致输尿管长段撕脱患者的临床资料,包括损伤的诱因、长度及治疗方法,其中3例行回肠代输尿管术,1例行肾切除术,1例行患侧肾造瘘术、输尿管肾盂吻合术及输尿管膀胱再植术。结果 3例行回肠代输尿管患者术后肾功能正常,仅1例有轻度积水;1例行肾切除术恢复良好;1例行患侧肾造瘘术、输尿管肾盂吻合术及输尿管膀胱再植术,术后3月出现输尿管长段狭窄,拟行回肠代输尿管术。结论输尿管镜手术致输尿管长段撕脱是输尿管镜手术中最严重的并发症,及时行回肠代输尿管术,既可保护肾功能,又可保持肾输尿管膀胱的连续性,是一种很好的解决方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.