计算机认知训练对轻度认知障碍老年人认知功能的影响研究

目的 探讨应用自主编制的计算机认知训练程序进行训练对改善轻度认知障碍（mild cognitive impairment,MCI）老年人认知功能的效果。方法 2019年6月—8月,通过健康宣教活动选择59例MCI老年人作为研究对象并随机分组,其中,试验组30例老年人接受计算机认知训练（computer cognitive training,CCT）,训练内容包括注意力、执行功能、空间定向和工作记忆训练,对照组29例老年人不接受干预,正常生活。干预前和干预5周后,分别使用蒙特利尔认知评估量表（Montreal Cognitive Assessment,MoCA）和简易智能精神状态量表（Minimum Mental State Examination,MMSE）评估2组老年人的认知功能并进行统计分析,干预后对试验组30例老年人进行访谈。结果 干预前后试验组MoCA和MMSE得分增加幅度均显著大于对照组（P<0.05）;试验组大部分MoCA认知领域进步幅度均显著大于对照组（P<0.05）;访谈结果显示,部分老年人表示记忆能力有提升、反应增快,希望能继续接受该训练。结论 应用自主编制的计算机认知训练程序进行训练能够显著改善MCI老年人的认知功能。     

体感游戏对帕金森病患者认知、步态的影响

目的 研究体感游戏对帕金森病（Parkinson's disease, PD）患者认知、步态的影响。方法 2018年6月至2020年1月,35例PD患者随机分成对照组（n=17）和实验组（n=18）,其中5例脱落,两组各剩15例。对照组接受传统的步态训练4周,实验组在接受传统的步态训练基础上的增加游戏训练4周,治疗前、后采用帕金森综合评分量表第三部分(Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Ⅲ, UPDRS Ⅲ）、Berg平衡量表（Berg Balance Scale, BBS）、蒙特利尔认知评估（Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA）、双负荷计时“起立-行走”测试(double test the time up and go, TUGTDT),10米步行测试对PD患者进行评分。30例患者完成了干预其中对照组15例,实验组15例。结果 实验组及对照组UPDRS Ⅲ、BBS、TUGTDT测试治疗后均较治疗前改善(P<0.05),实验组优于对照组(P<0.05);实验组10米步行测试、MoCA评分治疗后较治疗前改善(P<0.05)。结论 传统步态训练结合游戏较单纯传统步态训练更能改善帕金森患者的步态、平衡及认知。     

Maximal exercise testing of mentally retarded adolescents and adults: reliability study

Few data are available regarding maximal exercise testing of mentally retarded individuals. No data are available on the reliability of maximal exercise testing of mentally retarded individuals. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of graded exercise testing of mentally retarded adolescents and adults. The testing was conducted at two geographically different centers. At Center A, 14 mentally retarded adolescents (11 boys, three girls) with Down syndrome, who were educable or trainable, were recruited from a nonresidential school. The subjects completed two Balke-Ware treadmill protocols until exhaustion. The treadmill time and heart rate (HR) were recorded. The time between tests was approximately one week. At Center B, 21 mentally retarded adults (14 women, seven men means IQ = 56) were recruited from local workshops and group homes. These subjects completed a treadmill walking protocol, with metabolic measurements, until exhaustion. The time between tests varied from one to four months. At Center A, the subjects achieved a mean treadmill time of 8.72min on test one and 8.84min on test two (means HR = 174 and 175bpm, respectively). The reliability coefficient between the two tests was .94. At Center B, the subjects achieved a mean V0(2)max of 27.2mL.kg-1.min-1 on test one and 26.9mL.kg-1.min-1 on test two. The reliability coefficient was .93. These data show that maximal exercise testing is reliable for these populations of mentally retarded individuals, exhibiting similar values to their nonretarded peers.     

认知-预警干预对农村糖尿病治疗延误患者的效果研究

目的 探讨认知-预警干预对农村糖尿病治疗延误患者认知行为的干预效果,旨在增进其治疗依从性。 方法 2019年10月—2020年1月便利选取黑龙江省大庆市大同区和河北省唐山市滦南县下属村的农村糖尿病治疗延误患者作为研究对象。按照随机数字表法选取试验组村和对照组村各6个,每组63例,试验组给予认知-预警干预,干预时间为2周,对照组给予常规的健康教育。通过一般情况调查表获得农村糖尿病治疗延误患者的一般人口学资料,使用农村糖尿病治疗延误认知行为量表、中文版Morisky服药依从性问卷及糖尿病管理自我效能量表评估干预前后认知行为、服药依从性和自我效能;通过采集静脉血收集空腹血糖水平。 结果 试验组和对照组最终各纳入60例,干预前两组的一般人口学资料、认知行为、服药依从性、糖尿病管理自我效能及空腹血糖水平均具有可比性。干预后试验组认知行为及服药依从性均高于对照组及干预前,差异均具有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;试验组干预后糖尿病管理自我效能高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;试验组干预后空腹血糖水平优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论 认知-预警干预可以提高农村糖尿病治疗延误患者的认知行为水平,有助于增加农村糖尿病治疗延误患者的规范治疗。     

Using sensorimotor integrative treatment with mentally retarded adults

Thirty-four mentally retarded, institutionalized adults were subjects in a study of the effects of sensorimotor integrative treatment procedures on sensorimotor development. The 25 subjects in the experimental group received group sensorimotor integrative treatment in addition to regular institutional programming; the 9 subjects in the control group received only the regular institutional programming. The Sensorimotor Performance Analysis was used to test sensorimotor performance of all subjects four times during the 12-month study. Results showed that both the experimental group and the control group made gains in sensorimotor development, with no significant differences between groups. The findings indicate that treatment procedures for improving sensorimotor development of the mentally retarded adult need further examination so that appropriate modalities can be developed. Periodic reassessment of the client following completion of treatment is suggested because of possible delays in improvement of sensorimotor development.     

护理干预对痤疮患者体像的影响

目的 了解痤疮患者的体像状况,并探讨护理干预对其体像的影响。 方法 采用体像障碍自评量表(SRSBI)对68例痤疮患者(研究组)和50例健康对照者(对照组)进行体像评定。对痤疮患者进行护理干预8周后,再次进行体像评定。 结果 护理干预前,研究组SRSBI总分和躯体缺陷感、体貌认知度、体貌关注度、情绪受损度、社会交往度、体貌改变度、他人评价度、体像障碍诱因度8个维度得分均高于对照组。护理干预后,研究组SRSBI总分及各维度得分均低于干预前。在躯体缺陷感、体貌认知度、社会交往度、他人评价度4个维度方面研究组与对照组比较无统计学意义,而体貌关注度、情绪受损度、体貌改变度、体像诱因度4个维度和总分仍高于对照组。 结论护理干预可有效改善患者的体像感知,但痤疮患者仍存在体像困扰。     

早期干预对早产儿智能发育影响的研究

目的：研究早期干预对早产儿智能发育的影响。方法：将112例早产儿随机分为干预组(56例)和常规育儿对照组(56例)，同时选择同期正常足月新生儿56例作为正常对照组。早产儿两组的围产期情况相似，干预组从新生儿时期开始接受早期干预。结果：纠正年龄12、24、36个月时干预组早产儿智力发育指数(MDI)高于对照组，两者差异显著。达到和超过正常新生儿水平，而对照组较正常新生儿组明显落后，且对照组有2例智力低下，干预组无一例智力低下。结论：早期干预可以促进早产儿智能发育，有利于防治智力低下。     

A randomized controlled trial of the computer-based cognitive rehabilitation program for children (CoTras-C) to examine cognitive function and visual perception in children with developmental disabilities

[Purpose] This study aimed to investigate the effects of a computer-based cognitive rehabilitation program for children with developmental disabilities. [Subjects] Subjects included 29 children with developmental disabilities. [Methods] The subjects were randomly allocated to either the experimental group or control group. Experimental group subjects received computer-based cognitive rehabilitation using the CoTras-C while control group subjects received conventional cognitive rehabilitation. All subjects received 20 sessions (2 days a week for 10 weeks) of the experimental or control intervention for 30 minutes. To compare the two groups, the Korean-Developmental Test of Visual Perception-2 and Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children were performed before and after the intervention. [Results] Both groups showed statistically significant improvement in their scores after intervention. Additionally, there were significant differences in the scores between the two groups. [Conclusion] The computer-based cognitive rehabilitation with CoTras-C may be helpful in improving the recovery of cognitive function and visual perception in children with developmental disabilities.Key words: Computer-based cognitive rehabilitation, Cognitive function, Developmental disabilities, Visual perception     

Computer vocabulary training in kindergarten children with special needs

The aim of the present study was to determine whether vocabulary training on a computer can enhance vocabulary learning of young children with special needs and whether the task-on-behaviour of these children differed when story reading was carried out by the teacher or by the computer. An experimental group (n=9) listened to a story read to them by the computer and played additional computer vocabulary games during three 20-min sessions. The control group (n=9) had the same story read to them by a teacher and then followed the normal school curriculum. The results showed that children with special needs were equally able to keep their attention on the story when it was read to them by the computer as when it was read to them by the teacher. For vocabulary growth, the intervention showed positive effects. The children from the experimental group learned more experimental words between the pre-test and retention test than the children in the control group. The study shows that a group of kindergarten children with special needs can enhance their vocabulary by working with a computer program without human intervention.     

认知心理护理改善脑卒中急性期抑郁症患者认知障碍的作用

目的探讨认知心理护理改善脑卒中急性期抑郁症患者认知障碍的作用。方法将78例诊断为脑卒中后抑郁症的患者随机分为研究组和对照组各39例,对照组进行常规治疗及护理,研究组在对照组的基础上进行认知心理护理,比较两组患者干预前、干预后4和8周的功能失调性状况评分(dysfunctional attitudes scale,DAS)。结果治疗4及8周时,研究组患者DAS评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组治疗8周后,DAS评分也低于治疗前及治疗4周后,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论认知心理护理能有效改善脑卒中急性期抑郁症患者的认知障碍。     

行为干预护理对强直性脊柱炎患者生活质量的影响

目的分析行为干预护理对强直性脊柱炎患者生活质量的影响。方法采用电脑随机法将2017年10月至2019年2月收治的83例强直性脊柱炎患者分为对照组(41例)和试验组(42例)。对照组给予一般性护理干预,试验组在此基础上给予行为干预护理。比较两组患者干预前、后的上下肢运动功能及SF-36各项评分。结果干预前,两组患者上下肢运动功能、SF-36各项评分无显著差异(P>0.05);干预后,试验组上下肢运动功能及SF-36评分明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论针对强直性脊柱炎患者实施行为干预护理,可有效改善患者肢体功能,提升其生活质量,值得临床推广应用。     

优质护理干预在胸腔闭式引流术治疗肋骨骨折合并气胸患者中的应用效果

目的分析优质护理干预在胸腔闭式引流术治疗肋骨骨折合并气胸患者中的应用效果。方法选取本院2016年5月至2018年12月收治的90例肋骨骨折合并气胸患者为研究对象,均行胸腔闭式引流术治疗,按电脑数字表法随机分为对照组与试验组,每组45例。对照组给予常规护理,试验组在对照组基础上给予优质护理。比较两组患者术后1、3、5 d的疼痛情况、护理前、后的心理状态、并发症发生情况及护理满意度。结果术后3、5 d,试验组患者的VAS评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05);护理后,两组患者的SDS及SAS评分均降低,且试验组低于对照组(P<0.05);试验组患者的并发症总发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05);试验组患者的护理满意度高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论优质护理应用于胸腔闭式引流术治疗肋骨骨折合并气胸患者中可缓解患者疼痛情况,改善不良心理,降低并发症发生率,提高护理满意度。     

护理干预对妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤化疗患者生存质量的影响

目的：探讨护理干预对妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤化疗患者的影响。方法：将46例妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤化疗患者随机分为实验组23例和对照组23例,对照组给予常规护理,实验组在此基础上给予护理干预。3周后比较两组患者干预后的心理指标变化情况。结果：实验组患者干预后冒险量表、强势他人量表得分与干预前比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;实验组干预后SDS得分低于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论：护理干预可缓解妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤化疗患者抑郁情绪,提高其生存质量。     

Psychopathological disorders in a population of mentally retarded young adults

Nosographic, clinical, therapeutic and psychosocial aspects of psychopathological disorders in 43 mentally retarded patients followed from 1988 to 1991 are presented. Mental problems in mentally retarded subjects are linked to mental illness but do not form a continuum with it. The prognosis is generally favourable. Great attention must be given to the psychosocial aspects as social integration is almost always at risk in the mentally retarded.     

中医辨证施食护理在脾胃湿热型口腔扁平苔藓患者中的应用

目的:探讨中医辨证施食在脾胃湿热型口腔扁平苔藓患者中的临床应用效果。方法:选取2017年1月—2018年12月青岛大学附属青岛市口腔医院中西医结合口腔黏膜诊疗中心就诊的98例脾胃湿热型扁平苔藓患者,采用随机数字表法将其分为试验组和对照组,每组49例。两组采取相同的中西医治疗方法,对照组采用常规护理,试验组在常规护理的基...     

Age and pattern of intellectual decline among Down syndrome and other mentally retarded adults

A comparison was made of Down Syndrome and other mentally retarded young adults in community work and residential settings for differences in cognitive profile across age groups using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. Evidence is of a significant erosion of test scores, especially performance scale scores for the non-DS mentally retarded subjects from the third to fourth decades of life. The Down Syndrome cohort remained relatively stable for cognitive profile over time with the notable exception of the Block Design subtest which declined significantly over the two decades; and in contrast with the control sample. Further investigation is suggested in the event that the Block Design subtest has potential as a diagnostic 'marker' for the early identification of DS individuals likely to be most susceptible to premature Alzheimer's-like senile dementia.     

Effects of Training Using Video Games on the Muscle Strength,Muscle Tone, and Activities of Daily Living of Chronic Stroke Patients

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of training using video games played on the Xbox Kinect on the muscle strength, muscle tone, and activities of daily living of post-stroke patients. [Subjects] Fourteen stroke patients were recruited. They were randomly allocated into two groups; the experimental group (n=7) and the control group (n=7). [Methods] The experimental group performed training using video games played on the Xbox Kinect together with conventional occupational therapy for 6 weeks (1 hour/day, 3 days/week), and the control group received conventional occupational therapy only for 6 weeks (30 min/day, 3 days/week). Before and after the intervention, the participants were measured for muscle strength, muscle tone, and performance of activities of daily living. [Results] There were significant differences pre- and post-test in muscle strength of the upper extremities, except the wrist, and performance of activities of daily living in the experimental group. There were no significant differences between the two groups at post-test. [Conclusion] The training using video games played on the Xbox Kinect had a positive effect on the motor function and performance of activities of daily living. This study showed that training using video games played on the Xbox Kinect may be an effective intervention for the rehabilitation of stroke patients.Key words: Video game, Stroke, Motor function     

The temporal dimension in the lives of retarded adults: a problem of interaction and intervention.

This paper describes an ethnographic study of temporality among a group of 32 mentally retarded adults. Data were collected by participant observers over a period of 18 months. The findings indicate that retarded individuals may experience and employ a notion of time that varies substantially from that of mainstream American time. This results in problems of interaction and intervention between professionals and these retarded adults. Sociological concepts are proposed for understanding these interactional problems.     

Chaining strategies for teaching sequenced motor tasks to mentally retarded adults

This study arose from a need to determine which of two techniques was the most efficient means for assisting the mentally retarded to achieve optimum independence in functional living skills. Twenty-four educable mentally retarded adults were assigned to two groups and instructed in a sequenced motor assembly task. One group was taught using a forward chaining method and the other, a backward chaining method. Subjects were measured for learning time and retention performance. Results supported the hypothesis that subjects taught using backward chaining required less time to learn the task than those taught using forward chaining. There was no significant difference in retention between the two groups.     

Chiropractic adjustive manipulation on subjects with acute low back pain: visual analog pain scores and plasma beta-endorphin levels

The purpose of this study was to evaluate pain scores and plasma beta-endorphin levels following a single spinal adjustive manipulation in subjects with acute low back pain. Eighteen subjects were randomly assigned to either a control group, which received no treatment; a sham group, which received only light physical contact (touch); or an experimental group, which received an adjustive manipulation at a specific lumbar segment. Following a standard protocol, all subjects were administered visual analog pain scales and venous blood was drawn 5 min prior to, 5 min after, and 30 min after intervention. Analysis of the pain scores indicated that there was a slight, but significant, reduction of pain in the experimental group, but no similar reduction in the control or sham groups. Furthermore, this reduction of pain in the experimental group was not accompanied any significant change in the plasma beta-endorphin concentration.