磁导航指导下心律失常的导管消融治疗

磁导航是目前世界上唯一以磁力导航为基础的心脏介入诊断和治疗工具,彻底改变了心血管疾病介入治疗的方法学,国外已广泛应用于心律失常和冠心病的介入治疗,而国内应用极少。在介绍磁导航的组成、工作原理和操作方法基础上,现主要对磁导航指导下心律失常的导管消融,包括室上性、室性和先天性心脏病等所致的心律失常导管消融治疗作一综述。     

应用磁导航技术遥控标测和消融治疗快速性心律失常

目的在数种快速性心律失常中,观察应用磁导航技术行遥控标测和消融治疗的可行性与安全性。方法对复杂程度不同的心律失常患者,采用NiobeII磁导航系统(Stereotaxis,Inc)遥控操作,用HeliosII磁性标测和消融导管行射频温控消融治疗。结果12例入选,男8例,女4例,年龄36.83±13.05岁。4例有晕厥,1例有心脏骤停,5例有器质性心脏病。房室结折返性心动过速3例,左前游离壁房室旁道3例,右游离壁房室旁道1例,左后间隔房室旁道伴心房颤动1例,左中间隔房室旁道伴房室结折返性心动过速1例,心房扑动1例,房性早搏/心房颤动1例,室性早搏/心室颤动1例。采用遥控操作,12例均完成电生理检查,11例可准确到达靶点部位,行射频消融,10例成功。操作时间149.17±68.95min,未见并发症。结论对复杂程度不同的心律失常,不管患者有无器质性心脏病,采用磁导航技术均可安全与可靠地实施遥控标测和消融治疗。     

应用三维磁导航系统标测和消融快速性心律失常的初步经验

目的观察三维磁导航系统标测和消融快速性心律失常的疗效。方法结合NiobeII磁导航系统和CARTO-RMT电解剖标测系统,采用4mm-顶端的NaviStar-RMT标测和消融导管进行射频消融治疗快速性心律失常。结果10例患者,男6例,女4例。房室结折返性心动过速4例,其中1例合并阵发性心房颤动,左侧房室旁道2例,右侧房室旁道1例,典型心房扑动2例,右室流出道室性心动过速1例。磁导航系统遥控操作,10例均完成电生理标测。9例消融成功,失败1例为心房扑动患者,换用NaviStar盐水灌注导管后消融成功。导管操作时间93±33.1min,X线曝光时间12.5±6.5min。随访6个月无复发。结论对于快速性心律失常,应用磁导航系统可进行有效和安全的三维标测和消融。     

射频导管消融治疗快速心律失常指南

射频导管消融治疗快速心律失常指南中国生物医学工程学会心脏起搏与电生理分会导管消融学组＊《中国心脏起搏与心电生理杂志》编辑部射频导管消融（ＲＦＣＡ）自１９８７年应用于临床以来，已使快速心律失常病人的治疗发生了划时代的变化。１９９１年至今我国有２４个省、...     

射频导管消融治疗快速心律失常的新起点

射频导管消融治疗快速心律失常的新起点蒋文平（苏州医学院附属第一医院苏州２１５００６）自１９９１年《起搏与心脏》报道国内首例（上海第二医科大学附属仁济医院）射频导管消融（ＲＦＣＡ）治疗房室结折返性心动过速以来，迄今治疗病人已逾万例。大量的临床实践无可辩...     

磁导航系统在心律失常射频消融治疗中的应用

目前,针对房室结双径及旁道的传统消融方法已达到较高的手术成功率,但房颤等复杂心律失常的射频消融术大大增加了术者曝光时间,同时对手术中消融导管的良好贴靠及准确定位提出较高要求,磁导航系统能辅助术者解决这些问题.该文从多方面介绍磁导航系统在心律失常射频消融术中的应用现状.     

“快－慢”型室上性心律失常的射频导管消融治疗及随访

目的：探讨射频导管消融在治疗“快—慢”型室上性心律失常中的作用。方法：用射频导管消融的方法治疗了４例“快—慢”型室上性心律失常病人。结果：１９９１年１月至１９９６年１月间，对２４１例次各种快速性心律失常进行了射频导管消融治疗。其中４例为“快—慢”型室上性心律失常，２例为反复发作性房室结折返性心动过速（ＡＶＮＲＴ），终止时有长时间的心脏停搏并引起晕厥，原准备安装永久性心脏起搏器，ＡＶＮＲＴ根治后，由其引起的症状不复存在，电生理检查窦房结功能正常，故未安装起搏器；另２例均已植入永久性心脏起搏器，１例频繁发作快速心室率心房颤动并经常引起急性心功能不全，１例反复发作ＡＶＮＲＴ、心房扑动和心房颤动且有明显的症状，射频导管消融治疗后症状均消失，射频导管消融术对起搏器的功能无影响。３例平均随访３１±２个月，１例随访２个月未见并发症和临床症状复发。结论：射频导管消融法治疗“快—慢”型室上性心律失常具有重要的临床价值。     

全国射频导管消融治疗快速心律失常资料总汇

全国射频导管消融治疗快速心律失常资料总汇中国生物医学工程学会心脏起搏与电生理分会导管消融学组《中国心脏起搏与心电生理杂志》编辑部参加本次注册的医院和单位共９３家，１９９１年１月１日～１９９５年５月３１日开展射频导管消融治疗快速心律失常病人共１００３５...     

磁导航遥控射频导管消融治疗房室结折返性心动过速的初步体会

目的 探讨应用磁导航系统遥控射频导管消融治疗房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)的安全性和有效性.方法 对37例腔内电生理证实为AVNRT的患者(女性29例),平均年龄(44±15)岁,应用NiobeⅡ磁导航系统控制HeliosⅡ磁性温控导管,实施慢径改良术,对于反复放电不出现交界性心律或出现"有效消融"仍能诱发出AVNRT者施行Koch三角基底部线性消融术.结果 37例患者均实现即刻消融成功,其中14例实现慢径消融,余23例达到慢径改良,除1例患者出现一过性一度房室阻滞以外,余未出现相关并发症.平均消融次数(2.9±1.6)次,放电时间为(130±33)s,总消融时间为(120±32)min,总X线曝光时间为(5.3±2.7)min,术者X线曝光时间为(2.9±1.1)min.消融前后房室结前传文氏点、AH间期及HV间期等电生理参数无明显改变.后入组的19例患者总消融术时间、总X线曝光时间及磁导航遥控导管X线曝光时间较先入组的18例患者明显缩短,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001),而术者X线曝光时间无明显改变,反映出应用磁导航系统进行AVNRT消融治疗仅需较短的学习曲线.结论 应用磁导航系统可安全、有效地实施遥控射频导管消融治疗AVNRT,且学习曲线短,并明显减少术者的X线曝光时间.     

磁导航遥控射频导管消融治疗房室结折返性心动过速的初步体会

Objective To evaluate the safety and feasibility of remote radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrioventricular nodal reciprocating tachycardia (AVNRT) using the magnetic navigation system (MNS). Methods A total of 37 patients[female 29, mean age (44 ± 15 )years]with documented AVNRT were enrolled in this study from March 2007 to June 2009. A 4 mm tip magnetic mapping and ablation catheter ( Helios Ⅱ ,Stereotaxis, USA),which was remotely controlled by the MNS (Niobe Ⅱ , Stereotaxis, USA), was used for both mapping and ablation. Conventional slow pathway modification with focal ablation at the fight posterior septum was first performed in all patients. If it was failed, linear lesions at the base of Koch' s triangle was then done. Results After ablation, AVNRT was non-inducible in all 37 patients without any complication except one case experienced transient first degree AV block. Focal ablation was performed in 34 patients, and linear ablation strategy was used in the remaining three cases to achieve the end point. Among all the 37 patients, slow pathway ablation was achieved in 14, whereas slow pathway modification was reached in the remaining 23 cases.The mean procedural time, the RF deliveries, the duration of RF application were ( 120 ± 32) min, (2. 9 ± 1.6)times, ( 130 ± 33 )s,respectively. The total fluoroscopy time and the physician X-ray exposure time were(5.3 ±2. 7)min and(2.9 ± 1.1 ) min,respectively. There was no significant change of the AH interval,the HV interval,and the atrioventricular nodal conduction refractory period after ablation. Compared with the first 18 patients, the mean procedural time, the total fluoroscopy time and the X-ray fluoroscopy time during magnetic navigation were significantly decreased in the later 19 patients (P ＜0. 001 ). It indicated that the learning curve of remote catheter ablation using the MNS is short. Conclusion Remote catheter ablation using the MNS to cure AVNRT is safe and effective with short learning curve and decreasing X-ray exposure time for interventional physicians.     

Initial clinical experience of remote magnetic navigation system for catheter mapping and ablation of supraventricular tachycardias

Background  A remote magnetic navigation system (MNS) has been developed for mapping and catheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmias. The present study evaluates the safety and feasibility of this system to perform radiofrequency (RF) ablation in patients with supraventricular tachycardias (SVT). Methods  A total of 32 patients (22 female; mean age 44 ± 16 years) with documented SVT underwent mapping and ablation using Helios II (a 4-mm-tip magnetic catheter), under the guidance of the MNS (Niobe II, Stereotaxis, Inc.). Results  Catheter ablation procedure with MNS was successful in 30/32 (94%) patients including all patients (27/27, 100%) with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and three of five patients (60%) with atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) without any complication. The procedural successful rate in patients with AVNRT was significantly higher than those in patients with AVRT (P < 0.001). Overall, the medium number of RF application using the MNS was 2 (mean 2.7 ± 1.6, range 1 to 7), and the medium numbers of RF for AVNRT and AVRT were 2 and 3, respectively. There was no significant difference in the mean procedural time between patients with AVNRT and AVRT (126.3 ± 38.6 vs. 138.0 ± 40.3 min, P = 0.54). However, the mean fluoroscopy time was significantly shorter in patients with AVNRT than those with AVRT (5.7 ± 3.0 vs. 16.5 ± 2.5 min, P < 0.001). Among those patients with AVNRT, the mean procedural time (139.3 ± 45.0 vs. 112.3 ± 24.9 min, P = 0.07) and fluoroscopic time (3.2 ± 1.0 vs. 8.0 ± 2.2 min, P < 0.001) were shorter for the later 13 patients than the first 14 patients, suggesting a learning curve in using the MNS for RF ablation. Conclusions  The Niobe MNS is a new technique that can allow safe and effective remote-controlled navigation and minimize the need for fluoroscopic guidance for ablation catheter of AVNRT. However, further improvement is required to achieve a higher successful rate for treatment of AVRT. Drs. Xu and Yang contributed equally to this work.     

远程磁导航指导下加强肺静脉前庭消融策略治疗心房纤颤有效性研究

目的探讨在远程磁导航系统(RMN)辅助下应用加强消融策略行心房纤颤(AF)射频消融治疗对AF远期成功率的影响。方法连续选取2013年1月至2015年6月在解放军总医院住院行导管射频消融治疗且自愿参加该临床研究的患者49例非瓣膜性AF患者随机分成两组,传统消融组(CAG,n=24)和加强消融组(EAG,n=25)。CAG组对左右肺静脉行单环线性消融,EAG组在CAG消融基础上,靠近原有消融径线,在心房侧再次行线性消融,形成双环线性消融。术中应用磁导航消融导管,RMN系统、CARTO 3系统和Lasso环状标测电极,术后常规使用24 h动态心电图随访。结果所有患者均消融成功,EAG组较CAG组消融时间明显延长[(45.66±6.59)vs(40.10±3.48)min,P0.01],而在曝光时间、手术时间和静脉血测定脑利钠肽前体上差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后随访(19.3±5.6)个月,应用动态心电图随访发现EAG组复发率较CAG组明显降低(33.33%vs 8.00%,P0.05)。二次手术时发现复发患者均存在电传导恢复情况,8例再次手术均成功。结论加强消融策略能有效改善AF患者的远期成功率,降低复发率。     

磁导航系统在房室结折返性心动过速导管射频消融中的应用

目的评价磁导航系统对房室结折返性心动过速导管射频消融的指导作用。方法将经过心内电生理检查确诊的房室结折返性心动过速患者随机分为两组,A组采用常规技术和4mm温控导管消融,B组采用磁导航系统和温控磁大头导管消融。两组各入选10例患者,其年龄、性别、心动过速病史和基础心血管疾病具有可比性。比较两组患者如下参数：消融操作时间、患者透视时间、术者透视时间、放电次数、消融能量、成功率、并发症、手术费用。结果两组患者全部一次消融成功,无并发症,术后住院时间相同,随访（7.1±1.4）个月,无心动过速复发。磁导航消融组的操作时间、患者和术者透视时间、放电次数和实际消融能量均明显低于常规消融组,但手术费用高于常规消融组。结论采用磁导航系统指导房室结慢径路导管射频消融能明显缩短消融操作时间及患者和术者的透视时间,减少放电次数,降低实际消融能量。     

Comparison of remote magnetic versus manual catheter navigation for ablation of atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia

Objective The purpose of this study was to compare remote magnetic catheter navigation with manual navigation for the ablation of atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia （AVNRT）. Methods From November 2007 to November 2009, 30 consecutive patients with AVNRT received radiofrequency ablation in the Institute of Geriatric Cardiology. Of them, 14 were treated with remote magnetic navigation （RMN） and 16 with manual catheter navigation （MCN）. Total fluoroscopic time,procedure time, procedural success rate, and complication rate were compared between the two groups. Results Total fluoroscopy time and precise orientation time were reduced in RMN group compared to MCN group （7.5＋0.3 min vs 13.9~5.3 rain, and 1.0-x-0.3 min vs 3.2：~0.6 min, respectively, both P〈0.05）. Procedural success rates in both groups were 100% and no AVNRT recurred in all patients during 3 months＇ follow-up. The number of lesions delivered was less for RMN group （3.4~1.1 vs 6.3＋2.2, P〈0.05）. Total procedure time （25.6~7.5 rain vs 27.5a：6.2 rain,/〉〉0.05） was similar between the 2 groups. No procedural complications occurred in both groups. Conclusions RMN for mapping and ablation of AVNRT significantly reduce precise orientation time, total fluoroscopy time and number of lesions delivered compared to the conventional technique of manual steering of deflectable catheters. Remote magnetic control mapping and ablation of AVNRT is more safe and feasible （J Geriatr Cardio12010; 7：7-9）.     

Catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardias using remote magnetic navigation: a consecutive case-control study

Remote Magnetic Navigation for VT Ablation. Background: This study aimed to compare acute and late outcomes of VT ablation using the magnetic navigation system (MNS) to manual techniques (MAN) in patients with (SHD) and without (NSHD) structural heart disease. Methods: Ablation data of 113 consecutive patients (43 SHD, 70 NSHD) with ventricular tachycardia treated with catheter ablation at our center were analyzed. Success rate, complications, procedure, fluoroscopy, and ablation times, and recurrence rates were systematically recorded for all patients. Results: A total of 72 patients were included in the MNS group and 41 patients were included in the MAN group. Patient age, gender, and right ventricular and left ventricular VT were equally distributed. Acute success was achieved in 59 patients in the MNS group (82%) versus 27 (66%) patients in the MAN group (P = 0.046). Overall procedural time (177 ± 79 vs 232 ± 99 minutes, P < 0.01) and mean patient fluoroscopy time (27 ± 19 vs 56 ± 32 minutes, P < 0.001) were all significantly lower using MNS. In NSHD pts, higher acute success was achieved with MNS (83,7% vs 61.9%, P = 0.049), with shorter procedure times (151 ± 57 vs 210 ± 96, P = 0.011), whereas in SHD‐VT these were not significantly different. No major complications occurred in the MNS group (0%) versus 1 cardiac tamponade and 1 significantly damaged ICD lead in the MAN group (4.9%, NS). After follow‐up (20 ± 11 vs 20 ± 10 months, NS), VT recurred in 14 pts (23.7%) in the MNS group versus 12 pts (44.4%) in the MAN group (P = 0.047). Conclusions: The use of MNS offers advantages for ablation of NSHD‐VT, while it offers similar efficacy for SHD‐VT. ((J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 23, pp. 948‐954, September 2012)     

Initial experience with a novel remote-guided magnetic catheter navigation system for left ventricular scar mapping and ablation in a porcine model of healed myocardial infarction

Objective: This study examined the feasibility of using a remote magnetic catheter navigation system (MNS) in concert with an EAM system to perform detailed left ventricular scar mapping and ablation in a porcine model of healed myocardial infarction.
Background : Substrate-based catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) involves detailed electroanatomical mapping (EAM) of the ventricles. While a safe and effective procedure, VT ablation is nonetheless uncommonly performed, due in part to the technical challenges related to ventricular mapping.
Methods: Using a prototype EAM system (CARTO-RMT), seven chronically infarcted swine were mapped using either: (i) a standard manually manipulated catheter or (ii) a magnetic remotely manipulated (Niobe) catheter. A total of 191 ± 54 and 221 ± 64 points were acquired to map the chamber either manually or remotely, respectively.
Results: Procedure times were longer remotely (94 ± 22 vs. 59 ± 19 minute, P = 0.004; and 27 ± 8 vs. 18 ± 3 sec/point, P = 0.04), but this became less apparent with increased operator experience. However, the fluoroscopy time was significantly shorter with remote mapping (56 ± 56 vs. 244 ± 67 sec/map, P = 0.03). The calculated scar size was comparable between the two methods (16.3 ± 4.9 vs. 16.4 ± 4.8 cm², P = 0.37). Pathologic examination confirmed that the MNS was able to precisely deliver radiofrequency lesions to the scar borders. Using the MNS, the error to reach an evenly distributed set of endocardial targets was 6.6 ± 3.6 mm and 4.6 ± 2.0 mm, using transseptal and retrograde approaches, respectively.
Conclusions: Ventricular mapping using this remote navigation paradigm is technically possible and requires minimal fluoroscopy exposure, potentially facilitating ventricular substrate mapping and ablation.     

Remote magnetic navigation for mapping and ablating right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia

BACKGROUND: Navigation, mapping, and ablation in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) can be difficult. Catheter navigation using external magnetic fields may allow more accurate mapping and ablation. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of RVOT tachycardia ablation using remote magnetic navigation. METHODS: Mapping and ablation were performed in eight patients with outflow tract ventricular arrhythmias. Tachycardia mapping was undertaken with a 64-polar basket catheter, followed by remote activation and pace-mapping using a magnetically enabled catheter. The area of interest was localized on the basket catheter in seven patients in whom an RVOT arrhythmia was identified. Remote navigation of the magnetic catheter to this area was followed by pace-mapping. Ablation was performed at the site of perfect pace-mapping, with earliest activation if possible. RESULTS: Acute success was achieved in all patients (median four applications). Median procedural time was 144 minutes, with 13.4 minutes of patient fluoroscopy time and 3.8 minutes of physician fluoroscopy time. No complications occurred. One recurrence occurred during follow-up (mean 366 days). CONCLUSION: RVOT tachycardias can be mapped and ablated using remote magnetic navigation, initially guided by a basket catheter. Precise activation and pace-mapping are possible. Remote magnetic navigation permitted low fluoroscopy exposure for the physician. Long-term results are promising.