不同时程吗啡给药大鼠部分脑区超微病理变化观察

目的:观察不同时程吗啡依赖大鼠依赖相关脑区超微病理结构变化。方法:背部皮下递增注射吗啡建立不同时程吗啡依赖大鼠模型,应用透射电镜对吗啡依赖大鼠依赖相关脑区LC、中脑导水管周围灰质、黑质、豆状核、杏仁核、海马进行观察,并与空白对照组进行比较。结果:吗啡依赖大鼠依赖相关脑区部分神经细胞肿胀或固缩,神经毡灶性水肿,有髓神经纤维髓鞘分离,线粒体肿胀、畸形,内质网扩张,多聚核糖体解聚,轴突、树突灶性水肿,细胞器稀疏,突触小泡密集并向活性区聚集。空白对照组未见异常。结论:吗啡依赖大鼠依赖相关脑区神经细胞呈缺血、缺氧性及退行性改变。     

电镜观察甲状腺素对大鼠垂体-卵巢轴的作用

目的:观察甲状腺素(thyroxine,T4)对大鼠垂体、卵巢超微结构的影响。方法:用透射电子显微镜观察经甲状腺素0.6μg.g-1.d-1,ig,21d后大鼠垂体、卵巢细胞超微结构的改变。结果:实验组大鼠垂体促性腺激素细胞的核膜不清晰,部分核膜消失,线粒体脊断裂或消失,出现髓样变和空泡变;粗面内质网有肿胀,出现部分脱颗粒现象。实验组大鼠卵巢内分泌细胞中,部分细胞之间出现间隙,颗粒细胞线粒体出现髓样变和空泡变,高尔基体、核糖体减少,可见髓样小体。结论:长期大剂量应用甲状腺素引起大鼠腺垂体、卵巢内分泌细胞超微结构产生退行性改变。     

D-半乳糖衰老大鼠下颌下腺超微结构的改变

目的探讨实验性衰老大鼠下颌下腺超微结构的改变。方法用D-半乳糖制造衰老大鼠模型。2组大鼠经4%多聚甲醛＋2.5%戊二醛灌注固定,常规方法制备下颌下腺超薄切片,透射电镜下观察主要细胞的超微结构。结果正常组大鼠颗粒曲管（GCT）及腺细胞内粗面内质网、线粒体、高尔基复合体发达,粗面内质网网腔均匀、表面附有较多核糖体颗粒;核膜清晰,染色质分布均匀,可见丰富的质膜内褶。模型组GCT及腺细胞核固缩,染色质浓缩,部分细胞膜断裂,可见线粒体肿胀及嵴断裂,粗面内质网减少、有核糖体脱落现象。结论D-半乳糖模型大鼠下颌下腺超微结构发生明显衰老改变。     

大黄对多发伤合并休克兔小肠的保护作用

目的:观察大黄对多发伤合并休克兔小肠的保护作用。方法:纯种大白兔24只,复制多发性创伤合并休克兔的模型,随机分为治疗组(常规 大黄治疗组),对照组(常规 安慰治疗组),假手术组,每组各8只。复苏24h后处死动物,取小肠行病理检查,并测量细胞线粒体二维平面形态计量学参数和三维平面形态计量学参数。结果:光镜显示治疗组小肠黏膜病理损害的程度较对照组有明显减轻,小肠黏膜上皮及腺体结构完整,间质内有少量炎症细胞浸润,可见杯状细胞增生。电镜显示治疗组上皮细胞、微绒毛、线粒体、内质网损害明显轻于对照组,上皮细胞单位胞浆内治疗组比对照组线粒体数量多,肿胀较轻微。结论:大黄能减轻多发伤合并休克后小肠上皮细胞病理改变,大黄对多发伤合并休克模型兔小肠损伤有显著保护作用。     

二氧化碳激光辐射损伤区水肿外带的超微病理研究

CO_2激光对神经组织的辐射损伤光镜下分为碳化带、凝固带和水肿带。我所在电镜下发现在水肿带外层仍有神经组织的輻射损伤,主要表现为细胞的线粒体、粗面内质网、高尔基复合体、突触等细胞器肿胀,变性的移行性病理改变。我们将这一病变区命名为“水肿外带”。     

海洛因依赖者的海马容积和磁共振质子波谱研究

目的 :探讨海洛因依赖者海马容积与磁共振质子波谱 (1 HMRS)的改变特征。方法 :对 13例海洛因依赖者和12例健康对照组行磁共振 (MRI)海马容积测量和1 HMRS检查。结果 :海洛因依赖者显示双侧海马容积比正常对照组有明显缩小 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ;双侧海马1 HMRS示NAA Cr低于正常对照组 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :海马参与了海洛因依赖的病理生理过程 ,1 HMRS能显示海马区的神经元受损。     

海洛因依赖者脱毒后外周血大颗粒淋巴细胞的变化——附54例观察分析

目的··:研究海洛因依赖者脱毒前后外周血大颗粒淋巴细胞的变化。方法··:采用瑞氏 -姬姆萨染色法 ,检测54例海洛因依赖者脱毒前后外周血中大颗粒淋巴细胞所占的百分率。结果··:海洛因依赖者脱毒前总大颗粒淋巴细胞低于对照组 ,有非常显著性差异 (P<0.01) ;女性略高于男性无显著性差异 (P>0.05) ;脱毒后总大颗粒淋巴细胞高于对照组 ,有非常显著性差异 (P<0.01) ;女性明显高于男性 ,有非常显著性差异 (P<0.01)。结论··:海洛因依赖者脱毒后外周血大颗粒淋巴细胞显著增高 ,这可作为初步评价海洛因依赖者脱毒后自然免疫力状态的一项指标。     

氯丙烯亚慢性染毒对大鼠神经组织中ATP的含量

氯丙烯(Allyl Chloride)广泛应用于有机合成、医药、农药和合成树脂等工业,长期低浓度接触可引起对称性轴突变性型周围神经病[1-2]。动物超微神经病理观察发现神经轴浆内微管和神经丝大量堆积,单位面积内数量明显减少,线粒体明显增多,少部分可见嵴脱落呈空泡变性[3-4],这种病理     

海洛因依赖者月经情况调查分析

目的:探讨女性海洛因依赖者月经周期变化与吸毒方式、吸毒时间、吸毒剂量的关系及躯体脱毒后月经恢复情况.方法:采用自编调查问卷包括一般人口学特征、吸毒情况、既往月经情况及吸毒后月经变化等,选取了425例女性海洛因依赖者就相关问题进行调查.结果:海洛因依赖者月经紊乱以闭经及月经周期延长多见;月经紊乱发生率随吸毒剂量增加、吸毒时间延长而递增;注射毒品比其他吸毒方式更易引起月经紊乱;戒断毒品6个月内97.8%的吸毒者月经可恢复正常.结论:海洛因对女性生殖内分泌系统能存在显著影响,但为可逆性改变.     

生殖系统神经内分泌肿瘤CT表现

目的观察神经内分泌肿瘤的病理及CT影像学特点。方法回顾性分析3例经手术病理证实的女性生殖系统神经内分泌肿瘤的CT影像资料,并结合临床、病理资料进行分析。结果①肿瘤多为单发,一般体积较大,密度不均,内可见囊变坏死。②增强扫描动脉期肿块内多可见粗大血管影,静脉期呈持续强化,CT值多在62HU左右。③多数肿瘤周边可见纠集血管影。结论生殖系统神经内分泌肿瘤CT表现具有一定特征性,对该病的诊断及鉴别诊断有重要意义。     

Morphology of the large granular alveoli of the parotid glands in toad (Bufo ictericus) before and after compression.

The parotid glands of toads are constituted by an accumulation of venom-producing granular alveoli. Parotid glands of Bufo ictericus were manually compressed and immediately excised. Normal glands (not submitted to compression) were also excised and processed for histological and ultrastructural observations. The glandular body of large granular alveoli in parotid glands is formed by a myoepithelial layer, internally covered by a syncytial secretory layer. In the normal parotid gland this layer is very electron dense, thus preventing clear visualization of organelles. Large secretion granules are located in the main secretion mass, near the syncytium. In the compressed parotid gland, the myoepithelium shows a number of alterations, including presence of myelin figures and foci of degradation in the cytoplasm. The organelles of the syncytial cytoplasm are easily observed. The mitochondria are swollen; the cristae are shortened or absent. Syncytial secretion granules and lengthened structures linked to the syncytial matrix are to be seen. A large amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is present, while the rough endoplasmic reticulum is reduced. This large quantity of smooth endoplasmic reticulum suggests enhanced synthesis of the cardiotoxic steroids of the venom. Alterations in the mitochondria and the presence of myelin figures and degenerative foci in the cytoplasm may probably be regarded as consequences of the cellular injury provoked by compression.     

海洛因依赖者应付方式与社会支持状况的调查

目的:探讨海洛因依赖者的应付方式特点、社会支持状况,为戒毒工作提供参考.方法:使用应付方式问卷、社会支持评定量表对100例海洛因依赖者及100例正常人进行测定.结果:海洛因依赖者较多采用退避、自责、幻想等不成熟的应付方式,社会支持状况差.结论:海洛因依赖者在进行脱毒治疗时需加强心理辅导和心理支持.     

青春期海洛因依赖女性生殖系统损害的研究

目的：了解海洛因依赖对青春期女性生殖系统损害。方法：采用填写调查表，进行相关体检，雌激素检测，阴道细胞涂片查卵巢功能，彩色B超测量子宫及子宫内膜和卵巢大小等方法，对55例青春期吸食海洛因女性进行研究，并与正常对照组进行对比研究。结果：显示青春期吸毒组与青春期正常组相比：GnBH、E2、P、阴道细胞雌激素影响水平降低：FSH、LH、pH值升高；子宫、子宫内膜、卵巢、乳房、脂肪和大阴唇萎缩；月经紊乱、停经、性欲下降或缺乏。结论：海洛因依赖对青春期吸毒女性生殖系统有明显损害，患者卵巢功能可能出现早衰。     

Effects of mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate on cytoplasmic maturation of oocytes – The bovine model

Phthalates are known reproductive toxicants, but their intracellular disruptive effects on oocyte maturation competence are less known. We studied the potential risk associated with acute exposure of oocytes to mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (MEHP). First, bovine oocytes were matured in vitro with or without 50 μM MEHP and examined for mitochondrial features associated with DNA fragmentation. MEHP increased reactive oxygen species levels and reduced the proportion of highly polarized mitochondria along with alterations in genes associated with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (CYC1, MT-CO1 and ATP5B). In a second set of experiments, we associated the effects of MEHP on meiotic progression with those on cytoplasmic maturation. MEHP impaired reorganization of cytoplasmic organelles in matured oocytes reflected by reductions in category I mitochondria, type III cortical granules and class I endoplasmic reticulum. These alterations are associated with the previously reported reduced developmental competence of MEHP-treated bovine oocytes, and reveal the risk associated with acute exposure.     

Fluoride-induced ultrastructural changes in exocrine pancreas cells of rats: fluoride disrupts the export of zymogens from the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER)

 Influence of fluoride on exocrine pancreas cells was examined morphologically with traditional and prolonged osmium fixation techniques for electron microscopy in the enamel fluorosis model rats injected subcutaneously twice a day with 20 mg/kg body weight of sodium fluoride. Although the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) of exocrine pancreas cells in control rats was laminated and oriented parallel to the circumference of the nucleus, the rER of the cells in NaF-treated rats was dilated, disrupted the laminated arrangement, and changed to the globular-shape rER. Many intracisternal granules were formed in these globular-shape rER of the cells exposed to fluoride. Lots of autophagosomes were also seen in the exocrine cells with NaF treatment. The autophagosomes were limited with a double or multiple membranes, and contained cytoplasmic organelles and/or the intracisternal granules. The outer and inner leaflets of double membranes of the autophagosomes were usually separated by a distinct electron-lucent area. In prolonged osmium fixation, the area between the double membranes of the autophagosome was filled with osmiun reaction deposits. Many autophagosomes were encircled with the single or multiple osmiophilic layers. In some cases, the osmium positive saccules also surrounded the free surface of the globular-shape rER containing intracisternal granules. These findings indicate that fluoride disrupts the export of zymogens from the rER, resulting in formation of intracisternal granules and autophagosomes, and that the osmiophilic saccules participate in sequestration of cytoplasmic organelles in forming autophagosomes. Received: 26 August 1999 / Accepted: 18 October 1999     

海洛因依赖者自然戒断后免疫学动态变化

目的 :研究海洛因依赖者自然戒断后 3个月内不同时点的免疫系统及相关激素水平的变化。方法 :2 5例海洛因依赖者在戒断后 4 8h、30d、6 0d、90d测查IL - 1β、IL - 6和sIL - 2R ,IgA、IgG和IgM ,补体C3、C4以及COR和PRL水平的变化 ,并与 15例正常受试者进行比较。结果 :与正常对照组比较 ,海洛因依赖者的IL - 1β在自然戒断后 4 8h较低 ,此后各时点与正常对照组比较无显著性差异 ;IL - 6在自然戒断后各时点均保持在较低水平 ;sIL - 2R则在自然戒断后各时点均保持在较高水平 ;IgA ,IgM在自然戒断后各时点均保持在较低水平 ,补体C3、C4在自然戒断后 4 8h检测值较低 ,90d恢复至正常 ;COR在自然戒断后 6 0d内各时点检测值均较高 ,PRL在戒断 4 8h内检测值较低 ,COR和PRL在戒断 90d后恢复至正常水平。结论 :海洛因依赖者免疫系统及内分泌系统会发生某些改变 ,自然戒断后 ,有些改变会很快恢复正常 ,但有些则会持续超过 3个月。     

海洛因依赖者T细胞亚群变化及人参四物汤作用研究

研究长期摄入吗啡对机体主要的免疫调控细胞Th、Ts亚群的影响和中药人参四物汤的调节作用。方法·· :流式细胞仪测定各组海洛因依赖者外周血Th、Ts亚群数目。结果··:烫吸海洛因依赖者的Th、Ts亚群数明显低于健康人群 ,服用人参四物汤组的患者 ,T细胞亚群数目有所增加 ,静脉注射海洛因依赖者的Th/Ts倒置。结论·· :海洛因依赖者的免疫功能有明显损伤 ,iv较之烫吸对T细胞损伤更甚 ,人参四物汤可缓解海洛因依赖者的免疫损伤作用。     

海洛因依赖者左心构型及左心功能的超声心动图分析

目的 :观察海洛因依赖者的左心构型与左心功能变化 ,并进行左室充盈状态评价。方法 :应用超声心动图测量和分析 10 0例依赖者和 80例健康者的左心构型及左心功能。结果 :海洛因依赖者的左房径、室间隔厚度、左室后壁厚度大于健康组 (P <0 0 1) ,二尖瓣血流频谱E峰、A峰值减低 (P <0 0 5 ) ,肺静脉血流频谱S峰减低 ,D峰和AR峰值增高 (P <0 0 5 )。在不同滥用年限的海洛因依赖者中 ,吸毒年限在 0 5 - 1a者的左心构型及功能无明显变化 ;吸毒年限在 1- 5a者的左室后壁和室间隔增厚 ,D峰高于S峰 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1) ;吸毒年限在 5 - 10a者的左心构型及功能变化明显 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :海洛因依赖者的左心构型和功能改变明显 ;使用毒品时间越长 ,其左心构型及左室充盈、收缩舒张功能受损程度越重     

日本鹌鹑睾丸的电镜观察

本文是通过透射电镜观察日本鹌鹑(Coturnix coturnix japonica)雄性生殖细胞及间质细胞的超微结构。精原细胞呈椭圆形。核圆形,异染色质少,常呈小块状,多靠近核被膜,核仁明显。染色质周围颗粒及染色质间颗粒清晰可见。线粒体有时呈空泡状,嵴短而稀疏,均匀分布于胞质中。精母细胞的异染色质散在分布于核质中,由颗粒状物质聚成团块,核仁明显。线粒体数量不多,分布情况如精原细胞。这与鸡的线粒体分布位置存有差异。粗面内质网和高尔基复合体发育良好,并可见环孔板。精子细胞核大而圆,异染色质少,呈稀疏的颗粒状分布在核被膜附近及分散于核液中。线粒体电子密度较高,内质网及高尔基复合体发育中等。间质细胞形状不规則,核仁清晰,内质网及线粒体丰富,二者有极性分布现象。线粒体嵴既有小管状,又有板层状。     

Mitochondrial CYP2E1 is sufficient to mediate oxidative stress and cytotoxicity induced by ethanol and acetaminophen

Several cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are not only located in the endoplasmic reticulum but also within mitochondria. One such CYP is CYP2E1 which metabolizes numerous substrates and generates significant amount of reactive oxygen species. The presence of CYP2E1 in these organelles raises questions regarding its physiological role but also its possible deleterious effects in the context of drug-induced cytotoxicity. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of mitochondrial CYP2E1 in the toxicity of acetaminophen and ethanol. Hence the effects of these two compounds in cells expressing CYP2E1 in mitochondria only, or in both endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, were compared to those observed in mock-transfected cells. Our results indicated that when acetaminophen or ethanol were used as CYP2E1 substrates, the exclusive localization of CYP2E1 within mitochondria was sufficient to induce reactive oxygen species overproduction, depletion of reduced glutathione, increased expression of mitochondrial Hsp70, mitochondrial dysfunction and cytotoxicity. Importantly, these harmful events happened despite lower cellular level and activity of CYP2E1 when compared to cells expressing CYP2E1 in both endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, and this was particularly obvious with acetaminophen. Taken together, these data suggest that mitochondrial CYP2E1 could play a major role in drug-induced oxidative stress and cell demise.