眼睑松弛症伴泪腺脱垂的手术治疗

目的 探讨眼睑松弛症合并泪腺脱垂的手术疗效.方法 采用双重睑切口的皮肤松弛矫正术联合泪腺复位固定术,对12例(24只眼)眼睑松弛症合伴泪腺脱垂患者进行手术治疗.结果 随访6月至6年,12例患者术后眼睑皮肤松弛均得到明显改善,泪腺脱垂,上睑下垂均得到满意矫正.结论 眼睑松弛症合并脱垂泪腺,采用双重睑切口的皮肤松弛矫正术联合泪腺复位固定术可有效改善其症状,实现患者美观与功能的双重疗效.     

泪腺窝微骨孔固定泪腺治疗泪腺脱垂临床探讨

目的 探讨采用眶骨造孔法将泪腺经泪腺窝微骨孔原位固定治疗泪腺脱垂的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析24例48只眼泪腺脱垂患者,经重睑皮肤切口,采用颞上方眶骨缘造孔法,将泪腺组织经微骨孔固定于泪腺窝,分析影像学及眼部外观改变,评价泪腺的复位情况,分析术前术后泪液分泌试验、泪膜破裂时间,观察泪腺功能的改变.术后随访6～24个月(平均12个月).结果 术后影像学显示所有24例48只眼的泪腺解剖复位率100％,随访期间均无泪腺脱垂复发,上睑外侧臃肿消失,重睑形成良好,眼部外观满意.术前术后Schirmer试验、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),所有24例48只眼均无干眼症状.结论 经重睑皮肤切口行泪腺窝眶骨造孔固定泪腺治疗泪腺脱垂,泪腺解剖复位良好,不易复发,重睑形成自然,对泪腺功能损伤小,值得临床推广.     

进行性睑皮肤松弛症伴泪腺脱垂的手术治疗

目的 探讨眼睑皮肤松弛合并泪腺脱垂症手术治疗效果.方法 采用切开法重睑成形术设计手术切口.按拟定的重睑高度嘶出第一条切口线,再于第一条重睑线处用平镊夹起松弛皮肤,以睫毛微翘无睑裂闭合不全为度,画出第二条切口线与第一条线相连,两线间的距离即为拟切除的皮肤量.术中去除部分松弛皮肤、部分眼轮匝肌及疝出之眶隔脂肪,同时将脱垂的泪腺一并固定于泪腺窝内.皮肤缝合同美容性重睑术.结果 9例患者术后眼睑重新塑造,泪腺复位,随访6～12个月,眼睑形态良好,泪腺脱垂无复发,外观显著改善.结论 经双重睑切口联合脱垂泪腺复位手术效果良好,实现患者美观与功能的双重恢复.     

泪腺脱垂复位并重睑成形治疗泪腺脱垂

目的 探讨泪腺脱垂复位并重睑成形治疗泪腺脱垂的临床效果.方法 对18例(36眼)泪腺脱垂按照重睑成形术设计手术切口,根据上睑皮肤松弛和眼睑饱满程度决定皮肤及脂肪的去除量,用4-0线褥式缝合泪腺前缘及泪腺筋膜将脱垂的眶部或睑部泪腺分别固定于眶上缘内及眶外侧壁的骨膜上,并将切开的眶隔拉紧加固间断缝合,上睑皮肤以重睑成形方式缝合,外侧皮肤间断缝合.术后随访6个月～3年.结果 17例34眼(94.44％)术后泪腺复位良好,无复发.1例2眼(5.56％)在术后2年轻度复发,但症状较术前明显改善.18例36眼全部双眼睑裂对称,重睑形态良好自然.结论 泪腺脱垂复位、眶隔加固并重睑成形术治疗泪腺脱垂效果良好,实现了功能治愈与美容效果的双重目的.     

上睑成形术治疗泪腺脱垂并眼睑松弛症

目的 探讨泪腺脱垂并眼睑松弛症的手术矫正方法及效果。方法 28例（56眼），年龄17－43岁。采用上睑成形术治疗泪腺脱垂并眼睑松弛症：距睑缘6－8mm画出满意弧度的重睑线，切除多余皮肤，切除眶隔处脱出的眶脂肪，通过眶隔缩短加固使脱垂泪腺复于原位。结果 56眼术后均泪腺复位，重睑线美观，睑松弛症消失，随访6月至3年无复发。结论 此法操作简单，疗效满意。     

药源性干眼症临床治疗探讨

目的 探讨长期服用、滥用中枢神经抑制药物对泪腺分泌功能的损害。方法 对48例96眼药源性干眼症患者进行裂隙灯检查、泪膜破裂时间、荧光素染色及泪液分泌试验测定，结膜印迹细胞学检查。观察药物治疗上述各项检查的变化。结果 Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的有效率均为100%.结论 用药持续时间过长，滥用和盲目使用药物使之在体内蓄积中毒，导致泪腺分泌功能下降，采用中两医结合方法进行综合治疗，取得满意效果。     

眼睑松弛症伴泪腺脱垂的手术治疗

目的探讨眼睑松弛症伴泪腺脱垂的手术矫正方法及效果，方法按照切开法重睑成形术设计手术切口，将脱垂的泪腺复位于眶外上方的泪腺窝内，然后去除上睑松弛的皮肤及疝出的脂肪，形成弧度自然、流畅的重睑。结果28例（56眼）上睑皮肤松弛得到充分矫正，恢复皮肤弹性，3例（4眼）术后6个月时在颞上方触到泪腺，目前仍处于观察中。结论治疗眼睑松弛症的重点是通过手术将汨腺复位下泪腺窝内，可达到美容与功能治疗的目的，手术效果稳定易于掌握。     

泪腺肿物切除术后干眼症分析

目的探讨泪腺肿物切除术后患者术眼干眼症状及相关指标变化。方法 37例(37只眼)泪腺肿物患者行泪腺肿物切除手术,分别观察术前、术后2周干眼症状,包括干涩感、异物感、烧灼感等,并行相关角膜荧光素染色检查、泪液分泌检查及泪膜破裂时间测定。结果泪腺肿物切除术后2周,小部分患者出现干眼症状(16%),反射性泪液分泌减少,与术前相比差异有显著意义(P<0.05);术后2周角膜荧光素染色、基础泪液分泌和泪膜破裂时间与术前相比差异无显著意义(P>0.05)。结论泪腺肿物切除术后,小部分患者术眼出现干眼症状,程度较轻。     

特发性眼睑松弛症的手术治疗

特发性眼睑松弛症常伴有泪腺脱垂或泪腺异位,是发生在中青年中的一种特殊类型的眼睑疾病。其发病早期,因只表现为“肿眼泡”而不易被发现,随着病程的延长,眼睑皮肤松弛变薄,外上眶缘可扪及一滑动的肿块,患者多在此临床表现期就诊。我院自2004年8月至2010年4月对12例（23眼）特发性眼睑松弛症进行了手术治疗,现报告如下：     

眼眶良性淋巴上皮病变泪液分泌功能研究

目的 探讨眼眶良性淋巴上皮病变的泪液分泌功能变化情况.方法 对10例眼眶良性淋巴上皮病变患者的两眼术前术后泪液分泌功能变化进行1:1配对比较分析.结果 治疗1个月后,非手术眼反射性泪液分泌较手术眼及治疗前均有显著性增多差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),手术眼反射性泪液分泌同治疗前相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 眼眶良性淋巴上皮病变对糖皮质激素治疗敏感,治疗后泪腺仍然可以恢复部分泪液分泌功能,手术时不宜切除过多的肿大泪腺.     

眼部不适患者309例的泪液学分析

目的 通过对309例眼部不适患者的泪液学分析,以指导治疗。方法 对309例患者均做Schirmer’s试验,眼表上皮 细胞活体染色,泪膜破裂时间(BUT)。结果 244例患者平均泪液分泌量<10mm,242例患者存在表层点状角膜病变,268例 患者泪膜破裂时间缩短。结论 该组患者泪液分泌量明显不足,角结膜破损程度较重,泪膜破裂时间缩短,泪膜稳定性下降。     

糖尿病性眼表病变的临床研究

目的本研究通过对糖尿病患者眼表病变进行临床观测,旨在探讨糖尿病眼表并发症发生的可能机制,以寻找检测和控制糖尿病眼部并发症的可行方法。方法选取2型糖尿病患者25例,50眼为病例组;非糖尿病健康体检者(性别、年龄匹配)25例,50眼为对照组。对所有实验对象进行角膜敏感度测定、基础泪液分泌试验、泪膜破裂时间、角膜荧光素染色、结膜虎红染色及眼底血管荧光造影检查。所有实验结果量化后,通过SPSS10.0统计分析软件进行数据分析。结果糖尿病患者角膜敏感度下降、BUT值缩短、SchirmerI试验值下降、角膜荧光素染色阳性率增加、结膜粘膜退变及坏死细胞增多,与对照组均有显著差异(P<0.05),且随糖尿病视网膜病变的程度加重而加重。糖尿病患者角膜敏感度的下降以周边角膜更显著。结论糖尿病患者眼表泪膜稳定性显著下降,是引起干眼症的主要原因。对糖尿病患者进行常规的角膜敏感度测定、基础泪液分泌试验、泪膜破裂时间、角膜荧光素染色等检查,有利于糖尿病性眼表病变的早期发现及治疗。     

Study of tear film flow and stability in chronic dacryocystitis

Tear film flow and stability studies were carried out in patients suffering from chronic dacryocystitis by performing Schirmer test-I and tear film break-up-time (BUT) measurements. The results of Schirmer's test corroborated the theory that a reduced out flow of tears causes a compensatory reduced tear secretion. The results of break-up-time confirm the fact that BUT is independent of outflow of tears in patients with epiphora.     

Two cases of lacrimal gland agenesis in the same family--clinicoradiologic findings and management

BACKGROUND: Lacrimal gland agenesis is extremely rare. This condition is occasionally associated with salivary gland agenesis and abnormalities in the lacrimal drainage system, particularly occlusions of the lacrimal puncta and canaliculi. The detailed presentation of clinicoradiologic findings and treatment modality has not been previously reported. METHODS: A 6-year-old boy was presented to our department complaining of severe foreign-body sensations in both eyes. Punctate epithelial erosions and mucous filaments were noted in both eyes. His tear break-up time (TBUT) was less than 1 second, and a Schirmer's test (both eyes) detected less than 1 mm of wetting in 5 minutes. His mother had similar complaints dating back to childhood. RESULTS: Orbital computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed the absence of both lacrimal glands and all major salivary glands. After the insertion of a lacrimal punctal plug, punctate epithelial erosions and mucous filaments decreased remarkably within 2 weeks. MRI scans of the patient's mother confirmed the absence of both lacrimal glands and salivary glands. She had been using artificial tears for a long time. INTERPRETATION: The absence of lacrimal glands can be confirmed by clinicoradiologic findings, and the punctal plug may be an effective tool for the treatment of patients who retain a patent lacrimal drainage system.     

糖尿病角结膜上皮病变的临床研究

目的 通过对2型糖尿病患者的泪膜和眼表病变进行临床检测,探讨2型糖尿病与泪膜和角结膜上皮改变的相关性.方法 对25例(50只眼)糖尿病住院患者和25例(50只眼)无糖尿病者(年龄匹配)做眼表检查,包括泪膜破裂时间(BUT),泪液分泌试验(Schirmer I),角膜荧光素染色,结膜印迹细胞学榆查,并对结果进行统计学分析.结果 尿病组98.0%的眼泪膜破裂时间小于10s,泪膜破裂时间(4.56±2.02)s低于对照组(6.76±4.11)s;66.0%的患者泪液分泌试验小于5mm,泪液分泌值(4.52±2.84)mm低于对照组为(6.28±3.65)mm;角膜上皮着色占58.0%,结膜杯状细胞密度下降,鳞状上皮化生程度加重.结论 糖尿病患者泪膜稳定性显著下降,是引起十眼症的主要原因.对糖尿病病人进行泪膜破裂时间、泪液分泌试验、角膜荧光素染色、结膜印记细胞学检查有助于早期发现糖尿病的角结膜上皮病变.     

去势雄兔泪液分泌及泪膜稳定性的改变

目的观察去势后雄兔眼表及泪膜的变化,评价雄激素对泪液分泌及泪膜稳定性的影响.方法将16只雄兔随机分为去势(实验)及对照两组,每组8只.实验组分别于去势前和去势后1、2、3、4周、2及3个月行Shirmer试验、泪膜破裂时间(break-up time, BUT)及虎红染色检测;利用化学发光法检测实验组手术前、后血清睾酮水平,并行统计学分析处理.3个月后处死两组兔,取其泪腺、Harder腺、结膜、角膜及角膜缘组织行病理组织学观察.结果实验组Shirmer试验、泪膜破裂时间明显低于正常对照组,且随观察时间的延长差异有显著性(t=9.032,P＜0.01;t=4.747,P＜0.01).虎红染色实验组为阳性,对照组为阴性.实验组术后血清睾酮水平(4.52±0.81) nmol/L明显低于术前(19.76±1.53) nmol/L(t=22.290,P＜0.01).病理学观察,实验兔泪腺上皮细胞胞浆萎缩扁平,腺腔扩大,腺泡泡状黏液消失,PAS染色阳性物质减少,结膜杯状细胞数量减少,角膜上皮及角膜缘干细胞形态学上无明显改变.结论去势后雄兔睾酮水平明显低下,泪腺上皮细胞萎缩,腺泡泡状黏液物质消失及结膜杯状细胞减少,导致泪液分泌的质和量改变及泪膜稳定性降低.     

泪腺脱垂手术治疗的探讨

目的:复原脱垂的泪腺,并矫正其带来的"肿眼泡"。方法:确定脱垂泪腺后,局部前设计皮肤切口,标记出切除的部分皮肤,术中切除其内部组织,稳固脱垂泪腺,完好重睑缝线。结果:泪腺脱垂33例66眼中,10例部分切除泪腺,而Schirmer试验术前正常,术后稍减少。10例单纯泪腺切除,未作其他处理,术后"肿眼泡"外观矫正不满意;有2例轻症者,只作结膜、泪腺、骨膜、眼睑"U"形线圈褥式悬吊术;余下11例均做皮肤切口,切除多余的皮肤、皮下组织,复位脱垂的泪腺,眶膈缩短,外型满意。结论:泪腺脱垂手术恢复泪腺解剖位置,复原功能改善"肿眼泡"的外型效果显著。     

Short term effects of topical cyclosporine and viscoelastic on the ocular surfaces in patients with dry eye

PURPOSE: To compare the short term effects of topical 0.05% cyclosporine (CsA) and a mixture of 0.08% chondroitin sulfate and 0.06% sodium hyaluronate (CS-HA) on dry eye ocular surfaces. METHODS: 36 patients with moderate to severe dry eye (5 mm/5 min or less with Schirmer's test or tear break up time (BUT) less than 6 seconds), were treated with topical application of CS-HA on one eye and CsA on the other 4 times a day for 6-8 weeks. BUT, Schirmer's test without anesthesia, and conjunctival impression cytology (CIC; goblet cell density, nucleus to cytoplasmic ratio, and epithelial cell morphology) were evaluated and compared between eyes before and after treatment (repeated measurement of ANOVA). RESULTS: After treatment, BUT and tear wettings were significantly prolonged in each group. Topical CsA treated eyes had greater increase in BUT (p=0.026); there was no significant difference in tear wetting (p=0.132). While the 3 parameters of CIC improved in both groups, goblet cell density was significantly higher in eyes treated with CsA (p=0.033). CONCLUSIONS: While both CS-HA and 0.05% CsA eyedrops improve ocular surfaces, topical CsA may have a better effect on enhancing tear film stability and goblet cell density.     

Changes in ocular surface caused by antiglaucomatous eyedrops: prospective, randomised study for the comparison of 0.5% timolol v 0. 12% unoprostone

AIM: To study changes induced in ocular surface epithelia and the tear film by antiglaucomatous eyedrops. A beta blocker (0.5% timolol) and a novel prostaglandin F(2alpha) metabolite related drug (0.12% unoprostone) were examined in a prospective, randomised fashion. METHODS: 40 patients were randomly assigned to use either 0. 5% timolol (timolol group) or 0.12% unoprostone eyedrops (unoprostone group) twice a day for 24 weeks. In addition to routine ocular examinations, corneal epithelial integrity (vital staining tests, tear film break up time (BUT), anterior fluorometry, specular microscopy) and tear function (Schirmer's test, cotton thread test, tear clearance test (TCT)) were examined before and after the treatment. RESULTS: Both eyedrops caused significant reduction in intraocular pressure from the baseline levels. No significant changes were noted in corneal integrity in both groups, except a decrease in BUT at 20 weeks in the timolol group. The timolol group demonstrated significant decreases in Schirmer's test, tear clearance test, and tear function index (Schirmer's test value multiplied by clearance test); however, no such changes were noted in the unoprostone group. CONCLUSION: While unoprostone eyedrops caused no adverse effects on the corneal epithelial integrity and tear function, timolol caused significant impairments in tear production and turnover.     

人工泪液联合泪点栓塞术治疗眼干燥症的效果观察

目的研究单纯人工泪液玻璃酸钠、单纯行泪点栓塞术或其两者联合治疗中重度眼干燥症（干眼病）的临床疗效。方法选取中重度眼干燥症73例（135眼），随机分为人工泪液组25例（46眼）、手术组24例（44眼）和联合组24例（45眼）。人工泪液组仅用0．1％玻璃酸钠滴眼液每日滴眼4次；手术组对中度眼干燥症行下泪点栓塞术，重度眼干燥症行上、下泪点栓塞术；联合组在行泪点栓塞术基础上，再每日给予0．1％玻璃酸钠滴眼液滴眼4次。3组均连续治疗2周后评价疗效，比较3组治疗前后及治疗后各组之间的临床症状和检查泪液基础分泌试验（SIt）、泪膜破裂时间（BUT）及荧光素染色试验结果。结果手术组和联合组的主观症状、Sit、BUT和荧光素染色的改善程度明显优于泪液组（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）；而联合组的主观症状、BUT的改善程度明显优于手术组（P〈0．05）。结论中重度眼干燥症进行人工泪液滴眼联合泪点栓塞术治疗在3种方法中效果最好。