氟罗沙星葡萄糖注射液的制备及质量控制

目的：研究氟罗沙星葡萄糖注射液的制备工艺和质量标准。方法：确定处方和制备工艺，用紫外分光光度法在286nm波长处测定含量。结果：氟罗沙星在0．8～7．2mg／L的范围内线性良好，回归方程：C=9．566A＋0．000708，r=0．9997，平均回收率为99．2％，RSD为0．24％。三批成品均符合质量要求。结论：氟罗沙星葡萄糖注射液的处方和工艺可行，质量稳定。     

莫诺苯宗乳膏的制备与质量控制

目的：研究莫诺苯宗乳膏的制备及质量控制。方法：采用乳化法制备莫诺苯宗乳膏,采用RP-HPLC法测定乳膏中莫诺苯宗的含量,并进行样品稳定性实验。结果：该制剂制备工艺简单易操作,质量控制标准与方法可行,莫诺苯宗质量浓度在（0．05～0．5）mg／ml浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系（r=0．9990）。平均回收率为99．90％,RSD为0．65％。结论：莫诺苯宗乳膏处方合理,配制工艺可行,质量稳定。     

蕨麻总皂苷缓释微丸的制备及质量标准研究

目的制备用于治疗慢性病毒性肝炎的蕨麻总皂苷缓释微丸，并建立检测方法以控制其质量。方法对蕨麻总皂苷缓释微丸的制备工艺进行优选，用薄层色谱法进行定性鉴别，并采用高效液相色谱法同时测定了JMGⅠ和JMGⅡ的含量。结果通过单因素考察筛选出蕨麻总皂苷缓释微丸的最佳制备工艺，含量测定中JMGⅠ和JMGⅡ分别在0．400～4．00μg（r=0．9995）和0．640～6．40μg（r=0．9994）范围内呈良好线性关系，加样回收率分别为103．4％（RSD=2．8％）和102．1％（RSD=1．9％）（n=5）。结论优选工艺稳定，定性方法简便，专属性强，定量方法准确可靠，可有效控制该制剂的质量。     

复方左氧氟沙星口腔溃疡膜的研制

目的对复方左氧氟沙星口腔溃疡膜的配制、含量测定和稳定性进行研究。方法用壳聚糖、甘油、明胶为主要辅料，流涎法制备复方左氧氟沙星口腔溃疡膜，用紫外分光光度法及双波长法，分别对左氧氟沙星和地塞米松磷酸钠进行含量测定，并考察其稳定性。结果左氧氟沙星和地塞米松磷酸钠的平均回收率分别为100．23％和99．85％，RSD为0．41％和0．30％(n=3)。结论该制剂制备工艺简单，质量可控。     

氟比洛芬分散片的制备及质量控制

目的 制备氟比洛芬分散片以提高其崩解和溶出性能，并建立质量控制标准。方法 通过崩解剂、表面活性剂的考察和正交设计筛选出最佳处方：崩解剂CMS—Na的用量为7％，加入方法为内加和外加相结合，十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)用量为1％。紫外分光光度法测定片剂含量。结果 优选处方的分散片崩解时间小于1min，分散均匀，通过2号筛网；体外溶出试验表明：分散片15min即可完全溶出，远快于普通片剂。结论 本设计的氟比洛芬分散片符合中国药典要求，制备工艺简单，有较好的应用前景。     

HPLC内标法测定南方红豆杉不同部位中紫杉醇的含量

目的建立HPLC内标法测定南方红豆杉不同部位中紫杉醇的含量。方法以地西泮作为内标，色谱柱采用HypersilODS2（250mmx4．6ml＇lq，5岬）柱，流动相为乙腈一甲醇一水（27：36．5：36．5），流速：0．8ml／min，检测波长：277nm，柱温：30~C。结果紫杉醇的质量浓度在3．125～100Ixg／ml（r=0．9995）时，线性关系良好。平均回收率为97．4％（RSD=0．85％）。南方红豆杉根中紫杉醇含量最高，其次为皮，叶和木质含量较少。结论使用内标法进行定量，科学合理、准确可靠，可作为红豆杉原药材或合有红豆杉的中成药进行紫杉醇含量测定的分析方法。     

黑果小檗中小檗碱的含量测定

目的：建立黑果小檗中小檗碱的含量测定方法。方法：CH3OH提取，提取液经处理后．用容量法进行含量测定。结果：提取液经K2Cr2O7处理后24h．稳定性能良好，RSD=0．308％(n=4)；回收率为102．63％，RSD=2．96％(n=4)。结论：本法可用于黑果小檗的质量检测。     

RP-HPLC法测定止咳橘红口服液中柚皮苷的含量

目的 建立RP-HPLC法测定止咳橘红口服液中有效成分柚皮苷含量的方法。方法 采用HPLC法，色谱柱为C18柱，流动相为甲醇-冰乙酸-水（70：3：130），检测波长为283nm。结果 柚皮苷线性范围13．0～130μg。ml^-1，r=0．999 9（n=5）；止咳橘红口服液中柚皮苷回收率为99．0％（n=9），RSD为1．06％。结论 测定方法简便、稳定，能有效地控制该制剂的质量。     

复方硫唑乳膏的质量控制

目的制备复方硫唑乳膏剂并进行质量控制。方法取处方量油相与水相分别置玻璃烧杯中,置水浴加热75℃使其熔化后,在相同温度条件下,两液合并搅拌至凝（约50％）时加入升华硫、甲硝唑及醋酸氯已定即得乳膏剂。采用碘量法用碘滴定液（0．05mol·L^-1）测定硫的含量。结果该制剂稳定,硫含量在3％～8％浓度范围内线性关系良好（r=0．9998）。加样回收率试验,平均回收率为99．52％,RSD为0．20％（n=9）。结论本制剂处方工艺设计合理,质量控制方法简便易行。     

HPLC测定四季红药材中槲皮素的含量

目的建立中药材四季红中槲皮素的HPLC含量测定方法。方法色谱柱为Hypersil BDS C18色谱柱（4．6mm×200mm，5μm），流动相为甲醇-水-磷酸（50：50：0．4，V／V／V），检测波长370nm。结果槲皮素在0．04～0．16μg的范围内呈良好线性关系（r=0．9998），平均加样回收率为101．17％，RSD为1．42％（n=9）。结论本方法简便，准确，灵敏度高，重复性好，能有效测定四季红药材中槲皮素含量，为四季红的质量评价提供科学依据。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）