Effects of immunomodulators on airways hyperresponsiveness to adenosine induced in actively sensitised Brown Norway rats by exposure to allergen

We have recently demonstrated a marked and selective augmentation of the bronchoconstrictor response to adenosine in actively sensitised Brown Norway (BN) rats challenged with ovalbumin (OA). The augmented response is mediated by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) released as a consequence of mast cell activation. We describe here the effects of budesonide, a clinically used glucocorticosteroid, IMM125, a hydroxyethyl derivative of D-serine-cyclosporine, MLD987, a close analogue of ascomycin and SAR943, a rapamycin derivative, on the hyperresponsiveness to adenosine induced in actively sensitised BN rats by exposure to allergen.Bronchoconstrictor responses to adenosine elicited 3 h following intratracheal (i.t.) instillation of OA, 0.3 mg kg^–1 were reduced dose-dependently by budesonide, IMM125, and MLD987, given i.t. 25 and 1 h prior to allergen challenge. In contrast, SAR943 had no effect on responses to adenosine. Responses to methacholine and 5-HT were minimally affected by these agents. Bronchoconstrictor responses to bradykinin were dose-dependently reduced by budesonide, but unaffected following IMM125, MLD987 or SAR943 pre-treatment.Challenge with OA at a dose of 0.3 mg kg^–1, induced increases in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, leukocyte numbers, eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities and protein concentration measured 24 h post challenge. Budesonide (1 mg kg^–1 given i.t. 25 and 1 h prior to OA challenge) induced reductions in the BAL fluid parameters of inflammation; IMM125 and MLD987, at a dose of 1 mg kg^–1 had no significant effect whereas SAR943 reduced lymphocyte numbers.Thus, budesonide, IMM125 and MLD987 block the hyperresponsiveness to adenosine induced by allergen challenge in sensitised rats. In the case of budesonide the effect is associated with a powerful, generalised anti-inflammatory effect although an effect directly on the mast cells is also likely. With IMM125 and MLD987, the effect is seen at doses that are not anti-inflammatory and may reflect direct suppression of mast cell activation by these agents.     

T cell activation state in the induced sputum of asthmatics treated with budesonide

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness and airway infiltration with eosinophils and T lymphocytes are key features of asthma. In particular, CD4+ T cells are currently believed to play a pivotal role as initiators and coordinators of the asthmatic inflammatory response and, therefore, they represent a crucial target of corticosteroid treatment. The aim of the present investigation is thus to evaluate, in patients with mild asthma, the effects of inhaled corticosteroid therapy on the following parameters: (i) functional state of CD4+ T cells; (ii) airway eosinophilia; (iii) bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. The study was completed by twenty asthmatic, atopic subjects, subdivided into two groups of ten and treated for 12 weeks with either inhaled budesonide (200 microg twice daily) or terbutaline alone (500 microg twice daily), respectively. Expression of CD4+ T cell activation markers was measured in induced sputum at baseline and after 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment by flow cytometry, which showed a down-regulation of HLA-DR and CD25 surface proteins in the budesonide group, compared with the control group; these differences resulted as being statistically significant through weeks 4-12. Budesonide also induced a quick, sharp reduction in the percentage of eosinophils detectable in induced sputum, as well as a more gradual progressive improvement in airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. Therefore, in addition to assessing various indices of bronchial inflammation, flow cytometry can be reliably applied to induced sputum in order to monitor, even in mildly symptomatic patients, the effects of anti-asthma treatments on T cell activation.     

乙型肝病患者细胞因子和T细胞亚群的变化

目的：研究慢性肝炎和肝硬化患者血清细胞因子IL－2、INF－γ、IL－6、IL－10与T细胞亚群的变化及临床意义。方法：ELISA流式细胞术。结果：慢性肝炎活动期组可见CD4^＋细胞数升高和CD8^＋细胞数呈上升趋式势和Th1型细胞因子IL－2、INF－γ较显著升高,肝硬化组呈明显的CD4^＋细胞数减少。同时,Th1型细胞因子IL－2、INF－γ与Th2型细胞因子IL－6,IL－10均显著增高,且细胞因子的上升程度与疾病的严重程度基本平行。结论：CD8^＋细胞数和Th1型细胞因子上升与急性炎症反应有较密切关系,而CD^＋细胞数和Th1型细胞因子、Th2型细胞因子升高是肝硬化免疫反应的特征之一,因此通过对细胞因子和T细胞亚群的测定可以帮助我们鉴别各类肝病和把握病情。     

Inhibition of airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness and remodeling by soy isoflavone in a murine model of allergic asthma

Epidemiologic studies have associated higher dietary consumption of soy isoflavones with decreased self-report of cough and allergic respiratory symptoms, but the pharmacodynamic effects of soy isoflavone on asthmatic model have not been well-described. Here, we hypothesized that soy isoflavone may have potential effects on airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation and airway remodeling in a murine of asthma. Mice sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin developed airway inflammation. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was assessed for inflammatory cell counts, and for cytokine levels. Lung tissues were examined for cell infiltration, mucus hypersecretion and airway remodeling, and for the expression of inflammatory biomarkers. Airway hyperresponsiveness was monitored by direct airway resistance analysis. Oral administration of soy isoflavone significantly reduced ovalbumin-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to intravenous methacholine, and inhibited ovalbumin-induced increases in eosinophil counts. RT-PCR analysis of whole lung lysates revealed that soy isoflavone markedly suppressed ovalbumin-induced mRNA expression of eotaxin, interleukin(IL)-5, IL-4 and matrix metalloproteinase-9, and increased mRNA expression of interferon (IFN)-γ and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in a dose-dependent manner. Soy isoflavone also substantially recovered IFN-γ/IL-4 (Th1/Th2) levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In addition, histologic studies showed that soy isoflavone dramatically inhibited ovalbumin-induced lung tissue eosinophil infiltration, airway mucus production and collagen deposition in lung tissues. Our findings suggest that soy isoflavone as nutritional supplement may provide a novel means for the treatment of airway inflammatory disease.     

布鲁氏菌病患者外周血树突状细胞、Th1／Th2细胞因子含量的检测及意义

目的：观察布鲁氏菌病患者外周血树突状细胞表型、Th1／Th2细胞含量的检测及意义。方法选取诊治的布鲁氏菌病患者50例为病例组,另选取同期进行健康体检的正常人50例作为正常组。采用Real time-PCR测定2组Th1相关转录因子T细胞表达的T盒（T-bet）、GATA连接蛋白3（GATA-3）、维A酸相关核孤儿受体γt（RORγt）、叉头蛋白3（Foxp3）及Th1／Th2细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、干扰素γ（IFN-γ）、白介素6（IL-6）、白介素10（IL-10）mRNA含量。酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA）测定TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-6、IL-10蛋白表达及补体C3、C4含量。流式细胞术测定树突状细胞表型、Th1、Th2及T淋巴细胞亚群（ CD4＋T细胞、CD8＋T细胞、NK细胞）含量。结果病例组外周血Th1细胞相关转录因子T-bet、RORγt、Foxp3及Th1细胞、Th1／Th2、TNF-α、IFN-γ含量较对照组显著降低,Th2细胞及IL-6、IL-10含量较对照组显著升高,差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）;病例组CD8＋3、CD8＋0、CD8＋6阳性的树突状细胞比例、CD4＋T细胞、NK细胞及补体C3、C4含量较对照组显著降低,CD8＋T细胞含量较对照组显著升高,差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）;TNF-α、IFN-γ含量与CD4＋T细胞、NK细胞、C3、C4含量呈正相关性（ r值分别为2．879、3．214、3．255和2．978, P ＜0．05）,与CD8＋T细胞含量呈负相关性（ r值分别为－3．146和－3．011, P ＜0．05）。 IL-6、IL-10含量与CD4＋T细胞、NK细胞、C3、C4含量呈负相关性（ r值分别为－2．124、－2．343、－3．423、－2．789、－2．993、－2．566、－3．758, P ＜0．05）,与CD8＋T细胞含量呈正相关性（ r值分别为3．465、3．129, P ＜0．05）。结论布鲁氏菌病患者外周血成熟树突状细胞数目减少,同时Th1／Th2细胞及相关细胞因子失衡,且与机体天然免疫和细胞免疫功能降低有关,这可能在布鲁氏菌病发生发展过程中发挥重要作用。     

原因不明习惯性流产患者细胞免疫状态和Th1／Th2细胞因子的变化

目的 探讨原因不明习惯性流产(URSA)患者T细胞、NK细胞亚群和Th1/Th2细胞因子的变化.方法 用流武细胞仪测定65侧URSA患者和30饲正常妊娠妇女外周血CD3 、CD4 、CD8 、CD16 CD56 细胞亚群比例,同时用ELISA法测定两组外周血Th1/Th2细胞因子的含量.结果 与正常妊娠组相比,URSA患者CD4 、CD4 /CD8 、CD16 CD56 百分比较高,而CD8 较低(P相似文献   

Limonene inhalation reduces allergic airway inflammation in Dermatophagoides farinae-treated mice

Limonene is one of the main flavonoids which is reported to inhibit the inflammatory response by suppressing the production of reactive oxygen species. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether limonene can inhibit Dermatophagoides farinae-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), eosinophilic infiltration and other histological changes in the lung, T helper (Th) 2 cytokine production and airway remodeling in a mice model of asthma. Treatment with limonene significantly reduced the levels of IL-5, IL-13, eotaxin, MCP-1, and TGF-β₁ in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The goblet cell metaplasia, thickness of airway smooth muscle, and airway fibrosis were markedly decreased in limonene-treated mice. Furthermore, AHR to acetylcholine was significantly abrogated in limonene-treated mice. These results indicate that limonene has a potential to reduce airway remodeling and AHR in asthma model.     

白介素-18对肝癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤浸润的CD4+T细胞子集的影响

目的探讨白介素-18(IL-18)影响肝癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤浸润的T细胞子集变化的机制。方法以HepG2细胞在裸鼠皮下接种,形成人肝癌皮下移植瘤的同时,以不同剂量IL-18分为4组治疗,4组分别腹腔注射IL-18 0.75,1.00,1.25,0(模型组)μg(0.1 mL)/只,治疗4周,另设正常对照组。观察肿瘤的生长速度和瘤体大小的变化。4周后处死取肿瘤组织和脾组织,免疫磁珠阴选组织中CD4+T细胞,流式细胞术检测各组肿瘤组织及脾组织中IL-17+/IFN-γ-CD4+T(Th17细胞)、IL-17-/IFN-γ+CD4+T(Th1)和IL-17+/IFN-γ+CD4+T细胞的变化。结果 HepG2细胞株建立了裸鼠肝癌皮下移植瘤模型,IL-18抑制人肝癌皮下移植瘤的形成及转移,治疗时间越长剂量越大,抑制效果越明显;与正常对照组比较,肿瘤组织中Th17和IL-17+/IFN-γ+CD4+T细胞浸润数目增加,Th1细胞降低,与脾组织中一致,与正常对照组比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。给IL-18后,随着剂量的增加,Th1细胞增加,IL-17+/IFN-γ+CD4+T细胞和Th17细胞浸润数目降低,给药组与模型组比较有显著差异(P<0.05或0.01)。结论 IL-17+/IFN-γ+CD4+T细胞数目在裸鼠移植瘤及其脾组织中增加,可能是在肿瘤环境中,促进其向Th17细胞分化;IL-18通过诱导IFN-γ的生成促进Th1细胞的生成,呈正反馈效应抑制肿瘤的增殖和转移。     

The Role of TARC in the Pathogenesis of Allergic Asthma

TARC (thymus and activation-regulated chemokine), as a selective chemoattractant of Th2 cells, is a reasonable candidate as a key regulator of Th2-mediated inflammation in allergic asthma. Studies have determined that TARC is up-regulated in the airways of human subjects with asthma and that CCR4- and CCR8-bearing T cells are also present in the airways of asthmatic subjects after allergen challenge. Mouse models of allergic airway inflammation have shown that neutralization of TARC can not only inhibit T-cell and eosinophil infiltration into the lung but can also inhibit bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The exact mechanism by which TARC can participate in allergic inflammation and what triggers the expression of TARC following allergen exposure is still unknown. Studies suggest that it could be involved not only in allergic asthma, but in the pathogenesis of allergic Th2-mediated diseases in general. (c) 2002 Prous Science. All rights reserved.     

不同方案治疗良性支气管狭窄的临床疗效及对T淋巴细胞亚群及Th1/Th2平衡的影响

目的 研究球囊扩张术联合冷冻和球囊扩张术联合氩离子体凝固治疗良性支气管狭窄的临床疗效及对T淋巴细胞亚群及Th1/Th2平衡的影响.方法 选择120例良性支气管狭窄患者,随机分为A组和B组,每组60例,其中A组给予球囊扩张术+冷冻治疗.B组给予球囊扩张术+APC治疗,观察临床治疗效果及对T淋巴细胞亚群及Th1/Th2平衡的影响.结果 经支气管镜下治疗后2组支气管直径,FEV1和FVC水平较前明显升高,气促分级水平较前明显下降,与治疗前相比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中A组治疗后支气管直径,FEV1和FVC水平高于B组,气促分级低于B组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),A组经治疗后T淋巴亚群细胞水平变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而B组CD3+,CD4+和CD4+/CD8+水平明显下降,而CD8+水平明显上升,与A组和治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),2组术后均出现Th1细胞减少、Th2细胞增加,Th1/Th2比值下降,其中A组与治疗前比较变化无明显的统计学意义(P>0.05),B组Th1细胞明显下降、Th2细胞增加,Th1/Th2比值下降,与A组和治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),2组均未发生严重的不良反应.结论 球囊扩张术联合冷冻治疗良性支气管狭窄的临床治疗效果优于球囊扩张术联合氩离子体凝固,可能与其对免疫功能影响较小等因素有关.     

YM-58483, a selective CRAC channel inhibitor, prevents antigen-induced airway eosinophilia and late phase asthmatic responses via Th2 cytokine inhibition in animal models

T cells play a regulatory role in the pathogenesis of various immune and allergic diseases, including human asthma. Recently, it was reported that a pyrazole derivative, YM-58483 (BTP2), potently inhibits Ca²⁺ release-activated Ca²⁺ (CRAC) channels and interleukin (IL)-2 production in T cells. We investigated the effects of YM-58483 on T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine production in vitro and antigen-induced airway asthmatic responses in vivo. YM-58483 inhibited IL-4 and IL-5 production in a conalbumine-stimulated murine Th2 T cell clone (D10.G4.1), and IL-5 production in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human whole blood cells with IC₅₀ values comparable to those reported for its CRAC channel inhibition (around 100 nM). YM-58483 inhibited antigen-induced eosinophil infiltration into airways, and decreased IL-4 and cysteinyl-leukotrienes content in inflammatory airways induced in actively sensitized Brown Norway rats. Furthermore, orally administered YM-58483 prevented antigen-induced late phase asthmatic broncoconstriction and eosinophil infiltration in actively sensitized guinea pigs. These data suggest that the inhibition of Ca²⁺ influx through CRAC channel leads to the prevention of antigen-induced airway inflammation, probably via the inhibition of Th2 cytokine production and inflammatory mediators release. YM-58483 may therefore be useful for treating airway inflammation in bronchial asthma.     

Th1／Th2／Th17 T／reg 对鉴别儿童支气管哮喘与单纯性肺炎的意义

目的：检测Th1（IFN-γ＋）、调节T细胞（CD2＋5Foxp3＋）、辅助T 细胞17（Th17）及细胞因子IL-2、IL -4、IL-17和IL-21在儿童支气管哮喘以及肺炎患儿外周血中的表达,探讨其在儿童支气管哮喘发病中的作用以及与肺炎鉴别的意义。方法收集哮喘患儿32例,肺炎患儿37例作为研究对象,选取同期体检的22例健康儿童为对照组。分离外周血单个核细胞,采用流式细胞术检测CD 4＋IFN-γ＋、CD 4＋CD 2＋5Foxp 3＋、CD4＋Th17＋细胞百分率。采用酶联免疫吸咐（ ELISA）法检测3组IL-2、IL-4、IL-17、IL-21表达水平。结果哮喘组患儿外周血CD4＋CD2＋5 Foxp3＋细胞占CD4＋T细胞的比率明显低于肺炎组及对照组;哮喘组患儿者外周血CD4＋IFN-γ＋细胞比例明显低于肺炎组和对照组;哮喘组患儿者外周血CD4＋Th17＋细胞所占比例高于肺炎组及对照组,差异均有统计学意义（ P ＜0*．05）。哮喘组患儿外周血IL-2的浓度明显低于对照组（ P ＜00．5）,肺炎组患儿外周血IL-2浓度明显低于对照组（ P ＜0．05）,但与哮喘组比较差异无统计学意义（ P ＞0．05）。哮喘组患儿外周血 IL4-、IL-17和IL-21的浓度明显低于肺炎组和对照组,差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）。结论 Th1／T2h ／Th17／Treg功能失调参与了儿童支气管哮喘的发病机制,临床上可以通过检测Th1／Th2／Th17／Treg相关细胞因子的变化评估儿童支气管哮喘病情并辅助与肺炎的鉴别。     

结肠癌患者外周血Th1/Th2细胞因子的漂移及临床意义

目的检测结肠癌患者外周血CD3T细胞分泌细胞因子的水平变化,分析Thl和Th2细胞的细胞因子免疫活动为肿瘤的免疫治疗提供实验依据。方法首先用刺激物刺激细胞,增加细胞内细胞因子的表达,然后加入荧光标记的特异性抗细胞因子单克隆抗体,特异性抗原抗体结合,最后应用流式细胞仪分析特异性细胞因子表达水平。同时用酶联免疫吸附法ELISA检测相应的细胞因子。结果结肠癌患者Thl型细胞因子干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-12(IL-12)表达水平较正常对照组显著降低;Th2型细胞因子白细胞介素-4(IL-4)和白细胞介素-10(IL-10)表达水平较正常对照组升高,差异有显著性意义。肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)表达水平较正常对照组升高差异有显著性。结论结肠癌患者体内Th2型细胞因子模式占优势状态,这可能是肿瘤细胞发生免疫逃逸,从而导致肿瘤的发生或者转移的一种原因之一。