通痹颗粒通过TRAF3/PTPN22信号通路调控类风湿关节炎大鼠T细胞自噬实验研究

目的:研究通痹颗粒通过TRAF3/PTPN22信号通路调控类风湿关节炎大鼠T细胞自噬.方法:将佐剂性关节炎(AA)模型Wistar大鼠随机分成RA模型组、雷公藤多苷组、通痹颗粒组、3-MA组、联合组.另设正常对照组.治疗组大鼠采用成人剂量的3倍给药,2次/d,连续16 d.正常对照组以等容积的蒸馏水代替.16 d后处死...     

Analgesic and anti-arthritic effects of Lingzhi and San Miao San supplementation in a rat model of arthritis induced by Freund's complete adjuvant

Aim of study

In this study, we have investigated the analgesic and anti-arthritic effects of a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) combination of Lingzhi and San Miao San (SMS) in a rat model of arthritis induced by Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA).

Materials and methods

Sprague–Dawley rats were induced with monoarthritis by single unilateral injection of FCA into the knee joint. The TCM combination was administered to the rats daily by intraperitoneal injection (50 mg/(kg day)) or via oral administration (500 mg/(kg day)) for 7 days before induction of arthritis and 7 days after. Extension angle that provoked struggling behavior, and size and blood flow of the rat knees were measured to give indexes of allodynia, edema, and hyperemia, respectively. The extent of cell infiltration, tissue proliferation, and erosions of joint cartilage provided additional indexes of the arthritis condition.

Results

FCA injection produced significant allodynia, edema, hyperemia, immune cell infiltration, synovial tissue proliferation, and erosions of joint cartilage in the ipsilateral knees compared with the contralateral saline-injected knees. Intraperitoneal injection of the TCM combination (50 mg/(kg day)) suppressed allodynia, edema, and hyperemia in the inflamed knees, and oral administration (500 mg/(kg day)) suppressed edema and hyperemia. Histological examination showed that the TCM administered by either route reduced immune cell infiltration and erosion of joint cartilage.

Conclusions

These findings suggest the Lingzhi and SMS formulation has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in arthritic rat knees, and concur to previous clinical studies that showed the TCM combination reduced pain in rheumatoid arthritis patients, and extends its possible benefit to suppression of inflammatory symptoms in these patients.     

虎威通痹汤对佐剂关节炎大鼠IL-23/IL-17炎症轴的影响

目的:观察虎威通痹汤对佐剂关节炎大鼠IL-23/IL-17炎症轴的影响。方法:将40只雄性 SD 大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、虎威通痹汤组、甲氨蝶呤组,每组10只。虎威通痹汤组、甲氨蝶呤组分别给予相应药物灌胃,对照组和模型组予等体积0.9%氯化钠溶液。干预28 d后,比较各组大鼠足跖肿胀程度、关节滑膜组织病理学形态及血清IL-23、IL-17、IL-6、TNF-α表达水平。结果:与对照组比较,模型组大鼠足跖肿胀度增加,关节滑膜损伤明显,血清IL-23、IL-17、IL-6、TNF-α水平上调。与模型组比较,虎威通痹汤组大鼠足跖肿胀程度减轻,滑膜损伤改善,血清IL-6、TNF-α、IL-17、IL-23水平下调。与甲氨蝶呤组比较,虎威通痹汤组血清IL-23、IL-6水平降低,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论:虎威通痹汤可减轻佐剂关节炎大鼠炎症反应,改善滑膜组织损伤,其机制可能与抑制IL-23/IL-17炎症轴有关。     

松节方醇提物对类风湿关节炎模型大鼠T细胞抗原受体信号通路相关分子表达的影响

目的 探讨松节方醇提物（SJF）对炎症动物模型T细胞抗原受体（TCR）信号通路酪氨酸激酶及磷酸酶相关分子表达的作用机制。方法 采用类风湿关节炎（RA）大鼠模型,给予SJF 2周,酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测RA大鼠关节液中蛋白酪氨酸激酶（Lck、Fyn、ZAP70）、酪氨酸磷酸酶（CD45）含量,观察RA大鼠踝关节组织病理学变化,免疫组化检测RA大鼠踝关节滑膜组织中Lck、Fyn、ZAP70、CD45表达情况。结果 SJF能显著降低RA大鼠关节液Lck、Fyn、ZAP70、CD45含量,抑制RA大鼠滑膜组织炎性细胞浸润和滑膜组织增生,同时明显下调滑膜组织Lck、Fyn、ZAP70、CD45的表达。结论 SJF对RA大鼠的作用机制可能是通过抑制异常激活的TCR信号通路酪氨酸激酶及磷酸酶相关分子的表达来调控其下游的各级信号通路转导功能,从而起到抗炎作用。     

Protective effect of ginsenoside Rh2 on scopolamine‐induced memory deficits through regulation of cholinergic transmission,oxidative stress and the ERK‐CREB‐BDNF signaling pathway

Rh2 is a rare ginsenoside and there are few reports of its effect on cognition compared with other similar molecules. This study aimed to establish the impact of Rh2 treatment on improving scopolamine (Scop)‐induced memory deficits in mice and illuminate the underlying mechanisms. First, memory‐related behavior was evaluated using two approaches: object location recognition (OLR), based on spontaneous activity, and a Morris water maze (MWM) task, based on an aversive stimulus. Our results suggested that Rh2 treatment effectively increased the discrimination index of the mice in the OLR test. In addition, Rh2 elevated the crossing numbers and decreased the escape latency during the MWM task. Moreover, Rh2 markedly upregulated the phosphorylation of the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)‐cAMP response element binding (CREB)‐brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pathway in the hippocampus. Meanwhile, the administration of Rh2 significantly promoted the cholinergic system and dramatically suppressed oxidative stress in the hippocampus. Taken together, Rh2 exhibited neuroprotective effects against Scop‐induced memory dysfunction in mice. Rh2 activity might be ascribed to several underlying mechanisms, including its effects on modulating the cholinergic transmission, inhibiting oxidative stress and activating the ERK‐CREB‐BDNF signaling pathway. Consequently, the ginsenoside Rh2 might serve as a promising candidate compound for Alzheimer's disease.     

Silibinin protects rat pancreatic β‐cell through up‐regulation of estrogen receptors' signaling against amylin‐ or Aβ1–42‐induced reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species generation

Amylin and amyloid‐β (Aβ) were found to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in rat pancreatic β‐cell line, INS‐1 cells, leading to cell death. In this study, we report on reciprocal relationship between the expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) α and β (ERα and ERβ) and generation of ROS/RNS in amylin/Aβ_1–42‐treated INS‐1 cells. That is, pharmacological activation of ERs in INS‐1 cells significantly decreases ROS/RNS generation, but blockage of ERs increases ROS/RNS generation. Silibinin is a natural polyphenolic flavonoid isolated from milk thistle with phytoestrogen activities, also known as silybin. Treatment with silibinin down‐regulated ROS/RNS production induced by treatment with amylin/Aβ_1–42 in the cells. Silencing ERs expression with siRNAs targeting ERs showed that the protective effect of silibinin was markedly weakened, indicating that silibinin protection is largely attributed to activation of ERs' signaling. The binding of silibinin to ERs implies that the protective effect of silibinin on amylin/Aβ_1–42‐treated INS‐1 cells owes to down‐regulation of ROS/RNS through the activation of ERs phosphorylation. Amylin and Aβ_1–42 cotreatment enhanced furthermore ROS/RNS generation and cytotoxicity through further down‐regulation of ERs phosphorylation, and this was reversed by silibinin. Silibinin also protects INS‐1 cells from amylin and Aβ_1–42 cotreatment. These results indicate that protective effect of silibinin is mediated by enhancement of ERs phosphorylation that depresses ROS/RNS generation in amylin/Aβ_1–42‐treated INS‐1 cells.