Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz promotes intestinal epithelial restitution via the polyamine—Voltage-gated K channel pathway

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (AMK) has been used widely as a digestive and tonic in traditional Chinese medicine. AMK has shown noteworthy promoting effect on intestinal epithelial cell migration, which might represent a promising candidate for the treatment of intestinal mucosa injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of AMK on intestinal mucosal restitution and the underlying mechanisms via IEC-6 cell migration model.

Materials and methods

A wounding model of IEC-6 cells was induced by a single-edge razor blade along the diameter of six-well polystyrene plates. The cells were grown in control cultures and in cultures containing spermidine (5 μmol/L, SPD, reference drug), alpha-difluoromethylornithine (2.5 mmol/L, DFMO, polyamine inhibitor), AMK (50, 100, and 200 μg/mL), DFMO plus SPD and DFMO plus AMK for 24 h. The membrane potential (MP) and cytosolic free Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺]_cyt) were detected by flow cytometry, and polyamines content was determined via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The expression of Kv1.1 mRNA and protein levels were assessed by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Cell migration assay was carried out using the Image-Pro Plus software. All of these indexes were used to evaluate the effectiveness of AMK.

Results

(1) Treatment with AMK caused significant increases in cellular polyamines content, membrane hyperpolarization, an elevation of [Ca²⁺]_cyt and an acceleration of cell migration in IEC-6 cells, as compared to control group. (2) AMK not only reversed the inhibitory effects of DFMO on the polyamines content, MP, and [Ca²⁺]_cyt but also restored IEC-6 cell migration to control levels. (3) The Kv1.1 mRNA and protein expression were significantly increased by AMK treatment in control and polyamine-deficient IEC-6 cells.

Conclusions

The results of our current studies revealed that treatment with AMK significantly stimulates the migration of intestinal epithelial cells through polyamine-Kv1.1 channel signaling pathway, which could promote the healing of intestinal injury. These results suggest the potential usefulness of AMK to cure intestinal disorders characterized by injury and ineffective repair of the intestinal mucosa.     

鹿血晶对顺铂诱导小鼠急性肾损伤的保护作用

目的 探究鹿血晶对顺铂诱导小鼠急性肾损伤(AKI)的影响.方法 雄性ICR小鼠分为对照组、模型组、鹿血晶不同剂量给药组(每次0.20、0.39、0.78 g/kg,每天2次).预给药7 d后,除对照组外各组腹腔注射顺铂(25 mg/kg)诱导AKI模型,继续给药3 d后处死.采用比色法或ELISA法检测血清及肾组织生化...     

Retracted: Lipopolysaccharides‐mediated injury to chondrogenic ATDC5 cells can be relieved by Sinomenine via downregulating microRNA‐192

Sinomenine (SIN) is an isoquinoline derived from Caulis Sinomenii that has been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis for several decades in China. This study aims to reveal the effects of SIN on mouse chondrogenic ATDC5 cells growth and inflammation. SIN was used to treat ATDC5 cells injured by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The following parameters were determined for evaluating the treatment effects of SIN: cell viability, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species generation, and pro‐inflammatory cytokines release. Besides, the expression of LPS‐sensitive miRNA (miR‐192) and the activation of NF‐κB and MAPK signaling were studied to explain SIN's function. SIN with concentration of 30 μM significantly attenuated LPS‐induced cell damage via increasing cell viability, inhibiting apoptosis and reactive oxygen species generation, and declining IL‐6 and TNF‐α release. miR‐192 was downregulated by SIN treatment. Restoration of miR‐192 expression by miRNA transfection could significantly impede SIN's protective action. Besides, the inhibitory effects of SIN on the activation of NF‐κB and MAPK signaling were attenuated by miR‐192 overexpression. Furthermore, GDF11 was found to be a target gene of miR‐192. LPS‐mediated injury to chondrogenic ATDC5 cells can be relieved by SIN via downregulating miR‐192 and subsequently repressing the activation of NF‐κB and MAPK signaling.     

基于NF-κB相关信号通路探讨常用中药治疗溃疡性结肠炎研究进展

核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)相关信号通路在溃疡性结肠炎的形成与发展中起到很大的作用。研究显示中药单体及单药可以通过NF-κB信号通路介导减少黏膜炎症反应、抑制肠道上皮细胞凋亡、增强肠道黏膜屏障、调节肠道内菌群丰度等抑制溃疡性结肠炎的发展,但具体的作用机制尚不明确。可能与调节TLR4/NF-κB信号通路、JAK2/STAT3/NF-κB信号通路、PI3K/AKT/NF-κB信号通路、NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路等有关。涉及到的常用药物包括黄连、干姜、鸦胆子、黄芪、肉桂、青黛、雷公藤、黄芩、蒲公英、马齿苋、苦参、青蒿等及其提取物小檗碱、6-姜烯酚、鸦胆子苦醇、黄芪多糖、肉桂醛、雷公藤多苷、黄芩苷、苦参总碱、双氢青蒿素等。故围绕NF-κB相关信号通路对常用治疗UC的中药及其单体作一综述,旨在为进一步深入研究提供思路和参考。     

四君子汤含药血清上调c-Myc表达促进小肠上皮细胞迁移和增殖

目的:考察四君子汤含药血清(SJZ)对小肠上皮(IEC-6)细胞损伤后迁移、增殖及c-核蛋白类基因(c-Myc)mRNA和蛋白表达的影响,以探讨四君子汤促进胃肠黏膜损伤修复的作用机制。方法:采用大鼠制备四君子汤含药血清,Tips划痕法建立IEC-6细胞迁移模型,观察四君子汤药物血清对细胞迁移的影响;实时细胞分析仪(RTCA)检测四君子汤含药血清对IEC-6细胞增殖的影响;实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)法检测c-Myc mRNA表达;蛋白免疫印迹(Western blot)法检测c-Myc蛋白表达。结果:中体积浓度(10%)和高体积浓度(20%)的四君子汤含药血清可促进IEC-6细胞迁移(P0.01);细胞损伤后12 h,中体积浓度(10%)和高体积浓度(20%)的四君子汤含药血清可促进IEC-6细胞增殖(P0.01);细胞损伤后24 h和36 h,低(5%),中(10%),高(20%)体积浓度的四君子汤含药血清均可促进IEC-6细胞增殖(P0.05,P0.01);进一步研究发现,中体积浓度(10%)和高体积浓度(20%)的四君子汤含药血清可提高与胃肠黏膜损伤修复密切相关的c-Myc mRNA和蛋白表达(P0.01)。结论:四君子汤修复胃肠黏膜屏障损伤,促进溃疡愈合的作用可能与其提高c-Myc mRNA和蛋白表达,促进黏膜上皮细胞的迁移和增殖有关。     

补阳还五汤类方提取物对PC12细胞氧化应激损伤模型凋亡与自噬的调控

目的从凋亡与自噬的调控探讨补阳还五汤类方提取物对PC12细胞氧化应激模型的保护机制。方法以不同浓度H_2O_2刺激PC12细胞制备不同损伤程度的氧化应激模型,采用MTT法确定补阳还五汤类方提取物对氧化应激损伤初期和加剧期发挥保护作用的有效浓度,流式细胞术和TUNNEL法检测细胞凋亡情况,透射电镜和m RFP-GFP-LC3腺病毒双标法检测细胞自噬情况,蛋白质印迹法检测凋亡相关蛋白(Bcl-2和Bax)与自噬相关蛋白(Beclin1、LC3A和LC3B)的表达。结果分别以0.5、2.0 mmol/L H_2O_2处理PC12细胞制备氧化应激损伤的初期模型和加剧期模型;与对照组比较,模型组细胞凋亡率增加,自噬程度加剧,Bax/Bcl-2比例增加,Beclin1和LC3B表达上调,LC3A表达下调(P0.05);与氧化应激损伤初期的模型1组比较,补阳还五汤类方提取物均能下调Bax/Bcl-2,抑制凋亡率,并一定程度上调Beclin1和LC3B/LC3A的表达,激活自噬(P0.05);当氧化应激损伤程度加剧时,模型细胞中出现较高水平的凋亡与自噬,此时,两方则通过抑制凋亡和降低自噬,共同发挥保护作用。结论补阳还五汤类方提取物可通过对凋亡与自噬的交互动态调控对不同程度损伤的氧化应激模型细胞挥发保护作用。     

中医药干预相关信号通路防治肝癌研究进展

肝癌的发生、发展及微环境中存在着多种信号通路的异常。细胞信号通路的异常持续激活或抑制,调控细胞的增殖、凋亡及迁移,进而影响炎症、血管生成和肿瘤迁移。中医药可通过干预相关信号通路的转导发挥防治肝癌的作用,主要包括刺猬信号通路、IL-6/STAT3信号通路、NF-κB信号通路、PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路、MAPK信号通路、TLR信号通路、Wnt信号通路等。现阶段中医药防治肝癌作用确切,但具体机制尚未完全阐明,中医药调控肝癌相关信号通路的研究仍需继续探索。     

Astragaloside IV Attenuates Injury Caused by Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion in Rats via Regulation of Toll‐Like Receptor 4/Nuclear Factor‐κB Signaling Pathway

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury, in which inflammatory response and cell apoptosis play a vital role, is frequently encountered in clinical practice. Astragaloside IV (AsIV), a small molecular saponin of Astragalus membranaceus, has been shown to confer protective effects against many cardiovascular diseases. The present study was aimed to investigate the antiinflammatory and antiapoptotic effects and the possible mechanism of AsIV on MI/R injury in rats. Rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, MI/R group and groups with combinations of MI/R and different doses of AsIV. The results showed that the expressions of myocardial toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) were significantly increased, and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes was induced in MI/R group compared with that in sham operation group. Administration of AsIV attenuated MI/R injury, downregulated the expressions of TLR4 and NF‐κB and inhibited cell apoptosis as evidenced by decreased terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling positive cells, B‐cell lymphoma‐2 associated X protein and caspase‐3 expressions and increased B‐cell lymphoma‐2 expression compared with that in MI/R group. In addition, AsIV treatment reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines induced by MI/R injury. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that AsIV downregulates TLR4/NF‐κB signaling pathway and inhibits cell apoptosis, subsequently attenuating MI/R injury in rats. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于转录组测序的谷红注射液抗脑缺血分析

目的:在确定谷红注射液保护脑缺血的基础上,采用RNA-Seq转录组测序与生物信息分析的方法探究谷红注射液抗脑缺血的分子机制。方法:采用线栓法制备大脑中动脉栓塞(MCAO)模型,设置假手术组,模型组,谷红注射液低、中剂量组(0.625,2.5 m L·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)),阳性药组(金纳多注射液,8 m L·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)),通过Ludmila Belayev 12分评分法进行药效学评价,并采用RNA-Seq技术检测药物干预前后的差异基因,使用DAVID,String及The Human Phenotype Ontology等数据库,进行富集分析、聚类分析、以及与脑缺血疾病靶标的关联分析,通过Cytoscape3.4.0构建相关的调控网络。结果:与假手术组相比,模型组大鼠可见明显神经功能缺损(P0.01);与模型组比较,谷红注射液高剂量组减轻了大鼠神经功能损伤(P0.05)。转录组数据分析表明谷红注射液主要是通过调控细胞凋亡,炎症反应,氧化应激,Toll样受体信号通路及丝裂原激活的蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路等生物学过程干预脑缺血。此外,谷红液射液干预脑缺血的差异基因关联到20个脑缺血疾病相关的靶标,且关联到64个MAPK信号通路相关的基因,其中23个基因参与凋亡与炎症等过程。结论:谷红注射液通过多条途径发挥抗脑缺血作用,其中MAPK信号通路是其发挥抗凋亡及炎症作用的重要途径。     

芍药苷配伍小檗碱对 TNF-α诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞NF-κB/YY1 信号通路的影响

目的基于NF-κB/YY1信号通路探讨芍药苷配伍小檗碱对肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)炎症反应的影响。方法体外培养HUVECs,分别设空白对照组、模型组(TNF-α20 ng/m L)、芍药苷组(PF 160μmol/L)、小檗碱组(BBR 20μmol/L)、配伍组(160μmol/L芍药苷+20μmol/L小檗碱组)。采用CCK8法检测各组细胞活力;LDH毒性实验检测细胞上清液中LDH释放量;ELISA法检测细胞上清液中IL-6和IL-8含量;RT-PCR检测NF-κB、YY1基因表达;Western Blot法检测NF-κB、YY1蛋白表达。结果与空白对照组比较,模型组细胞活力减弱,LDH漏出率增加,IL-6和IL-8含量增加,NF-κB和YY1基因及蛋白表达上调(P<0.05,P<0.01)。与模型组比较,芍药苷组、小檗碱组及配伍组干预后细胞活力增强,LDH漏出率减少,IL6和IL-8含量降低,NF-κB和YY1基因及蛋白表达下调,且芍药苷和小檗碱配伍组较单体组干预后效果更明显(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论TNF-α可激活HUVECs NF-κB/YY1信号通路,诱导炎症反应,加重内皮损伤。芍药苷配伍小檗碱较单药使用可更有效地抑制NF-κB/YY1信号通路,减轻炎症反应进而起到血管内皮保护作用。     

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??OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect and possible mechanism of Rhizoma Coptis(RC) on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammatory injury in rat hepatocytes(BRL). METHODS LPS-induced BRL cells injury model was established in vitro, then the damaged cells were given different interventions and treatment with 0.175, 0.1 mg?? mL^-1 RC aqueous extract as the test drug, and dexamethasone(Dex) as positive control drug. The optimal test doses of LPS and RC aqueous extract were selected and determined by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8), the cellular apoptosis rate was determined by flow cytometry, TLR4/NF-??B and TLR4/IRF3 signaling pathways and the mRNA level of related inflammatory mediators(TNF-??, IL-1??, IL-6) were detected by RT-PCR, the NF-??B p65 protein expression was analysed by Western blot and immunofluorescence techniques. RESULTS ??Compared with normal control group, 0.1 mg??mL^-1 LPS affected on BRL cells for 24 h, the cell survival rate was decreased significantly(P<0.01), the apoptotic rate increased significantly(P<0.01), the mRNA level of TLR4, NF-??B, IRF3, TNF-??, IL-1??, IL-6 were significantly increased(P<0.01), and the NF-??B p65 protein expression was increased. ??Compared with the model group, 0.1 and 0.175 mg??mL^-1 RC affected on LPS-induced BRL cells for 24 h, the survival rate of BRL cells was increased significantly(P<0.05), the apoptotic rate decreased significantly(P<0.01), the mRNA level of TLR4, NF-??B, IRF3, TNF-??, IL-1??, IL-6 and the NF-??B p65 protein expression were decreased significantly(P<0.01). CONCLUSION Rhizoma Coptis has obviously protective effect on LPS-induced inflammatory injury in rat hepatocytes(BRL), the mechanism of which may be related with inhibiting apoptosis, reducing the release of inflammatory factors such as TNF-????IL-1?? and IL-6, blocking NF-??B p65 protein nuclear translocation, interfering the R4/NF-??B and TLR4/IRF3 signaling pathway.     

灵芝多糖对IEC-6细胞促增殖、迁移与分化作用

 目的通过灵芝多糖作用于体外培养的大鼠小肠隐窝细胞株IEC-6细胞,观察灵芝多糖对IEC-6细胞增殖、迁移与分化的影响。方法不同浓度的灵芝多糖作用于正常IEC-6细胞44h后,用噻唑蓝(MTT)法测细胞的增殖。灵芝多糖预作用IEC-6细胞46h后,用500μmol·L^{-12O₂刺激IEC-6细胞40min,以MTT法测细胞的增殖变化。采用IEC-6单层肠上皮细胞损伤重建模型,检测灵芝多糖对IEC-6细胞迁移的影响,并用ELISA方法检测培养细胞上清中TGF-β的含量以探讨迁移途径。对细胞进行HE染色来观察IEC-6细胞的分化情况。结果灵芝多糖对正常及受H₂O₂损伤后的IEC-6细胞均有促增殖作用,并呈量效关系;10mg·L-1灵芝多糖可促进受损IEC-6细胞的迁移,但对细胞上清中TGFβ含量无影响。在10mg·L-1灵芝多糖作用下,IEC-6细胞分化程度增高。结论灵芝多糖可以促进IEC-6细胞增殖、迁移与分化。其促迁移作用是非依赖TGFβ途径的。}     

紫苏叶水提物对阿霉素致HK-2细胞氧化损伤的保护及机制

目的:探讨阿霉素(ADR)诱导人肾小管上皮细胞(HK-2)发生氧化损伤后,紫苏叶水提取物(PFAE)对其细胞活性、氧化损伤标记物及细胞凋亡等关键因子的影响。方法:ADR刺激HK-2细胞建立损伤模型,使用N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)或不同浓度PFAE(5,15,45 g·L~(-1))干预后,采用细胞增殖/毒性检测(CCK-8)法检测细胞存活率,结合光镜下细胞形态变化,筛选出PFAE保护细胞的最佳浓度。后续实验分为6组:空白组,ADR(0.05 g·L~(-1))组,PFAE(15 g·L~(-1))组,ADR+PFAE(0.05+15)g·L~(-1)组,NAC(0.81 g·L~(-1))组,ADR+NAC(0.05+81)g·L~(-1)组。检测细胞匀浆中的丙二醛(MDA),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和细胞总抗氧化能力,2',7'-二氯荧光黄双乙酸盐(DCFH-DA)荧光探针检测细胞内活性氧(ROS)水平,流式细胞术及脱氧核糖核苷酸末端转移酶(TUNEL)染色法检测细胞凋亡率,蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测细胞线粒体凋亡相关蛋白B淋巴细胞瘤-2基因(Bcl-2),Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax),半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶9和3(Caspase-9,Caspase-3),聚腺苷二磷酸-核糖聚合酶(PARP)包括其剪切体的表达,及丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号转导通路中p38丝裂素活化蛋白激酶(p38 MAPK),细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK),c-Jun氨基端激酶(JNK)及其磷酸化蛋白的表达。结果:与空白组比较,ADR组的细胞活性显著降低(P0.01),与ADR组比较,5,15 g·L~(-1)的PFAE和NAC能促进细胞的增殖(P0.01)。与空白组比较,ADR组抗氧化能力和SOD水平显著降低(P0.01),MDA和ROS的水平显著增高(P0.01),与ADR组比较,ADR+PFAE组和ADR+NAC组抗氧化能力和SOD水平显著升高(P0.01),MDA和ROS的水平显著下降(P0.01)。与空白组比较,ADR组细胞凋亡率上升(P0.01),凋亡相关蛋白Bax/Bcl-2,cleaved Caspase-9/Caspase-9,cleaved Caspase-3/Caspase-3,cleaved PARP/PARP水平显著上升(P0.01),MAPKs通路中的p38 MAPK,ERK和JNK的磷酸化蛋白表达明显增高(P0.05,P0.01);与ADR组比较,PFAE或NAC干预后减轻了细胞凋亡率,降低了凋亡蛋白的相对比值,并且抑制了MAPK信号通路中p38 MAPK,ERK蛋白的磷酸化(P0.01),但对磷酸化的JNK蛋白表达无影响。结论:PFAE可以减轻ADR诱导的HK-2细胞氧化损伤,并发挥抗氧化作用,通过线粒体凋亡途径和ERK/p38 MAPK信号通路来抑制细胞凋亡。     

Molecular mechanism of curcumin action in signaling pathways: Review of the latest research

Recently, many studies have been conducted trying to explain the molecular mechanism of curcumin action in various pathological states of the cell and the organism. Curcumin is considered to play a role in the regulation of T‐lymphocytes function in the lymphoid tissue of the large intestine, apoptosis of the human papilloma and the activity of the 26S proteasome, and p53 level. Research works have shown that curcumin in tumor can regulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytosolic calcium ion level as well as affect other signaling molecules [nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐KB), cytokines] triggering endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial stress, and thus contributing to death of cancer cells. Curcumin can also arrest of the cell cycle in the G2/M phase leading to apoptosis and/or reduction in cancer cells proliferation. Moreover, curcumin is capable of crossing the blood–brain barrier, and thus it may protect the neurons from oxidative stress and inflammation. Finally, curcumin may play a role in cardiological protection and it is possible to use it in the protection of liver and spleen against oxidative and inflammatory injury. Among signaling pathways regulated by curcumin, the most important seem to be those related with regulation of oxidative stress and inhibition of NF‐кB activity.     

Yiqi Huoxue Decoction modifies the expression of myocardial cytoskeleton-associated proteins by regulating the AMPK signaling pathway in H9c2 cells exposed to hypoxic conditions

BackgroundIn myocardial ischemia, hypoxia leads to destruction of the cytoskeleton, and especially the imbalance of microtubule polymerization-depolymerization, which seriously affects the structure and function of cardiomyocytes. We previously showed that a Yiqi Huoxue Decoction (YQHX) improves mitochondrial function and decreases anti-oxidative effects in hypoxia-induced H9c2 cell injury. Therefore, in this study we investigated whether YQHX protects against hypoxia-induced damage by decreasing damage to the cardiac cytoskeleton.MethodsAfter reaching 70%–80% confluence, H9c2 cells were synchronized in serum-free Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium for 6 hours, then divided into control, model, and YQHX (100, 200, 400 μg/mL) groups, which were then grown in a hypoxic atmosphere for 12 hours. Cardiac cell viability was assessed using an xCELLigence system. The levels of lactate dehydrogenase, maleic dialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase in H9c2 cell supernatants were measured. Hoechst 33258 staining was employed to observe cardiac cell apoptosis. Confocal microscopy, immunofluorescence, and western blot analysis were performed to evaluate the protective effects of the YQHX against hypoxia-induced injury in the H9c2 cell line.ResultsCells that were pretreated with YQHX were more able to maintain their microtubule structure in the early stages of hypoxia and had better myocardial fitness in response to hypoxia compared with cells that were not pretreated. However, hypoxia-induced upregulation of α-tubulin and β-tubulin expression antagonized the protective effect of YQHX (100 μg/mL). In addition, YQHX (100 μg/mL) treatment significantly upregulated MAP4 protein expression (P = .003) and downregulated p-AMPKα protein expression (P < .001) compared with the model group.ConclusionThe results indicate that YQHX plays a role in protecting against oxidative stress injury and apoptosis in H9c2 cells. Notably, our results suggested that the YQHX could mitigate the damage to the cardiac cytoskeleton and the dysregulation of AMPK-related protein signaling pathways that are induced by hypoxia.     

醋制降低京大戟对大鼠小肠隐窝上皮细胞IEC-6毒性研究

目的：比较京大戟醋制前后对大鼠小肠隐窝上皮细胞IEC-6的毒性差异,初步探讨京大戟醋制减毒机制。方法：以大鼠小肠隐窝上皮细胞IEC-6为研究对象,采用MTT法检测京大戟醋制前后对IEC-6细胞活性的影响,采用倒置显微镜观察醋制前后对细胞形态的影响;采用高内涵细胞成像系统（HCS）分析醋制降低肠细胞线粒体凋亡通路。结果：与阴性对照组比较,增殖抑制实验显示京大戟生品具有较强的肠细胞毒性（P<0.01）,HCS分析结果显示京大戟可显著降低细胞核Hoechst荧光强度、线粒体膜电位荧光强度（P<0.05,P<0.01）,并显著增加Annexin V-FITC和PI荧光强度、细胞膜通透性荧光强度（P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.01）;醋制后与京大戟生品各剂量组比较,京大戟醋品可显著降低京大戟生品对肠细胞的增殖抑制作用,增加细胞核Hoechst荧光强度、线粒体膜电位荧光强度（P<0.05,P<0.05）,降低Annexin V-FITC和PI荧光强度、细胞膜通透性荧光强度（P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.05）,且呈一定的剂量相关性。结论：醋制可降低京大戟对肠细胞的毒性,其可能机制为通过降低京大戟对IEC-6细胞膜通透性,从而为进一步阐明京大戟醋制减毒机制提供了一定的依据。     

四君子汤总多糖对大鼠小肠上皮株IEC-6基因表达谱影响的研究

目的:本研究主要观察四君子汤总多糖(TPSJ)对大鼠小肠上皮细胞株基因表达谱的影响,以进一步了解四君子汤总多糖的作用机制。方法:采用基因芯片技术观察给予四君子汤总多糖前后大鼠小肠上皮细胞株IEC-6基因表达谱的变化情况。结果:在给予TPSJ后,大鼠IEC-6细胞株共有123条基因表达出现明显差异,基中55条基因表达上调,68条基因表达下调,分别涉及包括细胞发育、细胞生长增殖、粘附以及信号转导和免疫应答等方面的基因。结论:TPSJ可通过多种途径影响小肠上皮细胞功能,并有可能通过对小肠上皮细胞的调节作用而实现对全身的免疫调节。     

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??OBJECTIVE To investigate the protection of lyophilized powder of catalpol and puerarin (C-P) on oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion(OGD/R)-injured astrocytes and the possible mechanism in vitro.METHODS Primary astrocytes were isolated from the cerebral cortex of neonatal rats. The purity of astrocytes was identified by GFAP immunofluorescence. Astrocytes were divided into 6 groups:normal group, model group, excipients group, and three groups with gradient doses of C-P (12.25, 24.50, 49.00 ??g??mL^-1). After astrocytes suffered from OGD/R (OGD 6 h/R 12 h) with or without C-P, cell survival, LDH leakage, and apoptosis were analyzed by MTT, colorimetry, and TUNEL respectively. The apoptotic protein, caspase-3, was evaluated by Western blot. Meanwhile, oxidative indexes including SOD, GSH, ROS, MDA, and NO were detected by assay kits. In terms of inflammation, TNF-??, IL-1??, and PGE₂ in medium were evaluated via ELISA. iNOS, COX-2, NF-??B p65, p-NF-??B p65, I??B-??, and p-I??B-?? were examined by Western blot. RESULTS The purity of primary astrocytes was more than 97%. Compared with normal group, the cell survival rate of model group decreased significantly, while the LDH leakage rate and cell apoptosis rate markedly increased after OGD/R injury in model group. Meanwhile, SOD activity and GSH level in astrocytes markedly decreased. The level of MDA and ROS significantly increased. The content of NO, TNF-??, IL-1??, and PGE₂ released in medium also sharply increased. However, those changes of related biochemical indexes above could be reversed by different gradient doses of C-P. There was no significant difference between excipients group and model group. Further study found that C-P could inhibit the protein expression of caspase-3, iNOS, and COX-2, as well as the increase of phosphorylation level of NF-??B p65 and I??B-?? significantly. CONCLUSION C-P shows a protective effect on the OGD/R injured astrocytes in vitro, and its protection mechanism involves in anti-inflammation, antioxidant, inhibiting the cell apoptosis and activation of NF-??B signaling pathway.     

羟基红花黄色素A对LPS所致内皮细胞损伤的保护作用

目的:观察羟基红花黄色素A(HSYA)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导内皮细胞损伤的保护作用.方法:建立内皮细胞损伤模型,光镜观察内皮细胞形态的改变,RT-PCR法检测ICAM-1,VCAM-1,TNF-α,IL-6 mRNA的表达水平,免疫荧光染色法观察NF-kB的活化.结果:HSYA可显著抑制LPS诱导的内皮细胞内ICAM-1,VCAM-1,TNF-α,IL-6 mRNA的表达,抑制NF-kB的激活和核转运.结论:HSYA可缓解LPS所致的血管内皮细胞的炎症损伤.     

虎杖苷通过调控Nrf2/HO⁃1信号通路减轻大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤

目的探究虎杖苷对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤(HIR)的保护作用及其与核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)/血红素氧合酶1(HO?1)信号通路的作用关系。方法采用随机数字法将40只SD大鼠分为5组(每组8只),即假手术组、模型组、低剂量虎杖苷组、高剂量虎杖苷组、高剂量虎杖苷联合Nrf2抑制剂组。建立大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤模型,并于造模前连续3 d给予不同剂量虎杖苷或联合Nrf2抑制剂ML385预处理。再灌注6 h后,检测各组大鼠血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性、白细胞介素1β(IL?1β)、白细胞介素6(IL?6)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF?α)表达水平以及肝组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)水平;HE染色观察大鼠肝组织病理特征并进行病理评分;TUNEL法检测大鼠肝组织细胞凋亡情况;Western blot检测肝组织核蛋白Nrf2、全蛋白HO?1、Bax、Bcl?2及cleaved caspase?3等表达水平。结果与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠肝组织病理评分、血清ALT与AST活性及IL?1β、IL?6和TNF?α水平升高,肝组织细胞凋亡率、MDA水平以及Nrf2、HO?1、Bax、cleaved caspase?3蛋白表达增加,而SOD活性和Bcl?2表达水平降低,组间差异显著。高剂量虎杖苷能显著缓解模型大鼠肝组织损伤,降低炎症水平、氧化应激以及细胞凋亡,并且促进Nrf2及HO?1的蛋白表达,组间差异显著。ML385处理可抑制高剂量虎杖苷的干预效果。结论虎杖苷可能通过激活Nrf2/HO?1信号通路,抑制HIR诱导的炎症、氧化应激以及肝细胞凋亡,改善大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤。